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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Sulfur Vacancies In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Sergey A. Basun, A. A. Grabar, I. M. Stoika, Nancy C. Giles, D. R. Evans, Larry E. Halliburton
Sulfur Vacancies In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Sergey A. Basun, A. A. Grabar, I. M. Stoika, Nancy C. Giles, D. R. Evans, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
A photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum in single crystals of Sn2P2S6 (SPS) is assigned to an electron trapped at a sulfur vacancy. These vacancies are unintentionally present in undoped SPS crystals and are expected to play an important role in the photorefractive behavior of the material. Nonparamagnetic sulfur vacancies are formed during the initial growth of the crystal. Subsequent illumination below 100 K with 442 nm laser light easily converts these vacancies to EPR-active defects. The resulting S = 1/2 spectrum shows well-resolved and nearly isotropic hyperfine interactions with two P ions and two Sn ions. Partially resolved interactions …
Potential Energy Curves And Associated Line Shape Of Alkali-Metal And Noble-Gas Interactions, Larry A. Blank
Potential Energy Curves And Associated Line Shape Of Alkali-Metal And Noble-Gas Interactions, Larry A. Blank
Theses and Dissertations
Recent interest in optically-pumped alkali laser systems has prompted this study into the binary interaction potentials between species of alkali-metal and rare-gas atoms and the effects of the collision of these species on the alkali-metal atom absorption spectrum. Special attention is placed on the relationship of the interaction potentials and the resulting line shape. The X2Σ+1/2, A2π1/2, A2π3/2, and B2Σ+1/2 potential energy curves and associated dipole matrix elements are computed for M+ Ng at the spin-orbit multi-reference configuration interaction level, where M = …
A Function-To-Task Process Model For Adaptive Automation System Design, Jason M. Bindewald, Michael E. Miller, Gilbert L. Peterson
A Function-To-Task Process Model For Adaptive Automation System Design, Jason M. Bindewald, Michael E. Miller, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Adaptive automation systems allow the user to complete a task seamlessly with a computer performing tasks at which the human operator struggles. Unlike traditional systems that allocate functions to either the human or the machine, adaptive automation varies the allocation of functions during system operation. Creating these systems requires designers to consider issues not present during static system development. To assist in adaptive automation system design, this paper presents the concept of inherent tasks and takes advantage of this concept to create the function-to-task design process model. This process model helps the designer determine how to allocate functions to the …
Upward Flow Constructed Wetland For Treatment Of Water Contaminated With Chlorinated Aliphatics, Michael Shelley, Abinash Agrawal, Ke Qin, Garrett Struckhoff, Carl Enfield, James Waldron, Christina Powell
Upward Flow Constructed Wetland For Treatment Of Water Contaminated With Chlorinated Aliphatics, Michael Shelley, Abinash Agrawal, Ke Qin, Garrett Struckhoff, Carl Enfield, James Waldron, Christina Powell
AFIT Patents
An improved upward flow constructed wetland cell for treatment of water contaminated with chlorinated aliphatics is disclosed. The improvements include adding ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to the methane-oxidizing microorganisms already present in an oxygenated root zone and adding improved pore-water sample chambers for measuring the performance of the constructed wetland cell.
The Lp Relaxation Orthogonal Array Polytope And Its Permutation Symmetries, Andrew J. Geyer, Dursun A. Bulutoglu, Steven J. Rosenberg
The Lp Relaxation Orthogonal Array Polytope And Its Permutation Symmetries, Andrew J. Geyer, Dursun A. Bulutoglu, Steven J. Rosenberg
Faculty Publications
Symmetry plays a fundamental role in design of experiments. In particular, symmetries of factorial designs that preserve their statistical properties are exploited to find designs with the best statistical properties. By using a result proved by Rosenberg [6], the concept of the LP relaxation orthogonal array polytope is developed and studied. A complete characterization of the permutation symmetry group of this polytope is made. Also, this characterization is verified computationally for many cases. Finally, a proof is provided.
Timing Mark Detection On Nuclear Detonation Video, Daniel T. Schmitt, Gilbert L. Peterson
Timing Mark Detection On Nuclear Detonation Video, Daniel T. Schmitt, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
During the 1950s and 1960s the United States conducted and filmed over 200 atmospheric nuclear tests establishing the foundations of atmospheric nuclear detonation behavior. Each explosion was documented with about 20 videos from three or four points of view. Synthesizing the videos into a 3D video will improve yield estimates and reduce error factors. The videos were captured at a nominal 2500 frames per second, but range from 2300-3100 frames per second during operation. In order to combine them into one 3D video, individual video frames need to be correlated in time with each other. When the videos were captured …
Machine Learning Nuclear Detonation Features, Daniel T. Schmitt, Gilbert L. Peterson
Machine Learning Nuclear Detonation Features, Daniel T. Schmitt, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Nuclear explosion yield estimation equations based on a 3D model of the explosion volume will have a lower uncertainty than radius based estimation. To accurately collect data for a volume model of atmospheric explosions requires building a 3D representation from 2D images. The majority of 3D reconstruction algorithms use the SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) feature detection algorithm which works best on feature-rich objects with continuous angular collections. These assumptions are different from the archive of nuclear explosions that have only 3 points of view. This paper reduces 300 dimensions derived from an image based on Fourier analysis and five edge …
Epaminondas: Exploring Combat Tactics, David W. King, Gilbert L. Peterson
Epaminondas: Exploring Combat Tactics, David W. King, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Epaminondas is a two-person, zero-sum strategy game that combines long-term strategic play with highly tactical move sequences. The game has two unique features that make it stand out from other games. The first feature is the creation of phalanxes, which are groups of pieces that can move as a whole unit. As the number of pieces in a phalanx increases, the mobility and capturing power of the phalanx also increases. The second feature differs from many other strategy games: when a player makes a crossing, a winning move in the game, the second player has an opportunity to respond. This …
Observation Of Heavy- And Light-Hole Split Direct Bandgap Photoluminescence From Tensile-Strained Gesn (0.03% Sn), Thomas R. Harris, Yung Kee Yeo, Mee-Yi Ryu, Richard T. Beeler, John Kouvetakis
Observation Of Heavy- And Light-Hole Split Direct Bandgap Photoluminescence From Tensile-Strained Gesn (0.03% Sn), Thomas R. Harris, Yung Kee Yeo, Mee-Yi Ryu, Richard T. Beeler, John Kouvetakis
Faculty Publications
Temperature- (T-) and laser power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been made for the tensile-strained, undoped GeSn (0.03% Sn) film grown on Si substrate. The PL results show not only clear strain-split direct bandgap transitions to the light-hole (LH) and heavy-hole (HH) bands at energies of 0.827 and 0.851 eV at 10 K, respectively, but also clearly show both strong direct and indirect bandgap related PL emissions at almost all temperatures, which are rarely observed. This split of PL emissions can be directly observed only at low T and moderate laser power, and the two PL peaks merge into one broad …
A Method To Develop Neck Injury Criteria To Aid Design And Test Of Escape Systems Incorporating Helmet Mounted Displays, Jeffrey C. Parr
A Method To Develop Neck Injury Criteria To Aid Design And Test Of Escape Systems Incorporating Helmet Mounted Displays, Jeffrey C. Parr
Theses and Dissertations
HMDs are becoming common human-machine interface equipment in manned military flight, but introducing this equipment into the overall aircraft escape system poses new and significant system design, development, and test concerns. Although HMDs add capabilities, which improve operator performance, the increased capability is often accompanied by increased head supported mass. The increased mass can amplify the risk of pilot neck injury during ejection when compared to lighter legacy helmets. Currently no adequate USAF neck injury criteria exist to effectively guide the requirements, design, and test of escape systems for pilots with HMDs. This research effort presents a novel method to …
Narratives As A Fundamental Component Of Consciousness, Sandra L. Vaughan, Robert F. Mills, Michael R. Grimaila, Gilbert L. Peterson, Steven K. Rogers
Narratives As A Fundamental Component Of Consciousness, Sandra L. Vaughan, Robert F. Mills, Michael R. Grimaila, Gilbert L. Peterson, Steven K. Rogers
Faculty Publications
In this paper, we propose a conceptual architecture that models human (spatially-temporally-modally) cohesive narrative development using a computer representation of quale properties. Qualia are proposed to be the fundamental "cognitive" components humans use to generate cohesive narratives. The engineering approach is based on cognitively inspired technologies and incorporates the novel concept of quale representation for computation of primitive cognitive components of narrative. The ultimate objective of this research is to develop an architecture that emulates the human ability to generate cohesive narratives with incomplete or perturbated information.
Different Formulations Of The Orthogonal Array Problem And Their Symmetries, Andrew J. Geyer
Different Formulations Of The Orthogonal Array Problem And Their Symmetries, Andrew J. Geyer
Theses and Dissertations
Modern statistical experiments routinely feature a large number of input variables that can each be set to a variety of different levels. In these experiments, output response changes as a result of changes in the individual factor level settings. Often, an individual experimental run can be costly in time, money or both. Therefore, experimenters generally want to gain the desired information on factor effects from the smallest possible number of experimental runs. Orthogonal arrays provide the most desirable designs. However, finding orthogonal arrays is a very challenging problem. There are numerous integer linear programming formulations (ILP) in the literature whose …
Finite Element Analysis Modeling Of Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Silicon Carbide, Brandon M. Allen
Finite Element Analysis Modeling Of Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Silicon Carbide, Brandon M. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) composite materials are important for many applications due to their high temperature strength, excellent thermal shock and impact resistance, high hardness, and good chemical stability. The microstructure and phase composition of SiC composites can be tailored by fiber surface modification, the process parameters, and/or fiber preform architecture. One process by which SiC composites can be produced is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This thesis primarily focuses on mass transport by gas-phase flow and diffusion, chemical reaction in gas phase and on solid surfaces, and thin film formation on curved surfaces, which are fundamental to the CVD process. …
An Analysis Of The Impact Of Variation In Mean Time Between Demand On Air Force Fleet Level Aircraft Parts Inventories, Andrew J. Berger, Caleb S. Murphy
An Analysis Of The Impact Of Variation In Mean Time Between Demand On Air Force Fleet Level Aircraft Parts Inventories, Andrew J. Berger, Caleb S. Murphy
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis researched the accuracy of demand forecasting and impact of demand variation on requirements definition for Air Force aircraft secondary items. Specifically, this thesis sought to answer three questions: How does the Air Force calculate item requirements? , How accurate is the current system at predicting future item requirements? , and How do variations in predicted demand change item requirements? The literature review described the Air Force supply system for aircraft secondary items. Analysis into current demand forecast accuracy found that the level of error between actual and predicted historic demand was as high as 92% for the items …
Imaging Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Of The Boundary Layer Plume From Laser Irradiated Polymers And Carbon Materials, Roberto I. Acosta
Imaging Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Of The Boundary Layer Plume From Laser Irradiated Polymers And Carbon Materials, Roberto I. Acosta
Theses and Dissertations
Emissive plumes from laser irradiated fiberglass reinforced polymers (FRP), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and porous graphite targets were investigated primarily using a mid wave infrared (MWIR) imaging Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Polymer and graphite targets were irradiated with a 1.064 micrometer Nd:YAG and a 1.07 micrometer ytterbium continuous wave (CW) fiber lasers respectively. Data was acquired with a spectral resolution of 2 cm-1 and spatial resolution as high as 0.52 mm2 per pixel. Strong emissions from H2O, CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons were observed in the MWIR between 1900 cm-1 and 4000 cm- 1. A single-layer radiative transfer model was developed …
Malware Target Recognition, Thomas E. Dube, Richard A. Raines, Steven K. Rogers
Malware Target Recognition, Thomas E. Dube, Richard A. Raines, Steven K. Rogers
AFIT Patents
A method, apparatus and program product are provided to recognize malware in a computing environment having at least one computer. A sample is received. An automatic determination is made by the at least one computer to determine if the sample is malware using static analysis methods. If the static analysis methods determine the sample is malware, dynamic analysis methods are used by the at least one computer to automatically determine if the sample is malware. If the dynamic analysis methods determine the sample is malware, the sample is presented to a malware analyst to adjudicate the automatic determinations of the …
Investr: An R Package For Inverse Estimation, Brandon M. Greenwell, Christine M. Schubert Kabban
Investr: An R Package For Inverse Estimation, Brandon M. Greenwell, Christine M. Schubert Kabban
Faculty Publications
Inverse estimation is a classical and well-known problem in regression. In simple terms, it involves the use of an observed value of the response to make inference on the corresponding unknown value of the explanatory variable. To our knowledge, however, statistical software is somewhat lacking the capabilities for analyzing these types of problems. In this paper, we introduce investr (which stands for inverse estimation in R), a package for solving inverse estimation problems in both linear and nonlinear regression models.
Copper Doping Of Zno Crystals By Transmutation Of 64Zn To 65Cu: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Gamma Spectroscopy Study, Matthew C. Recker, John W. Mcclory, Maurio S. Holston, Eric M. Golden, Nancy C. Giles, Larry E. Halliburton
Copper Doping Of Zno Crystals By Transmutation Of 64Zn To 65Cu: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Gamma Spectroscopy Study, Matthew C. Recker, John W. Mcclory, Maurio S. Holston, Eric M. Golden, Nancy C. Giles, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
Transmutation of 64Zn to 65Cu has been observed in a ZnO crystal irradiated with neutrons. The crystal was characterized with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) before and after the irradiation and with gamma spectroscopy after the irradiation. Major features in the gamma spectrum of the neutron-irradiated crystal included the primary 1115.5 keV gamma ray from the 65Zn decay and the positron annihilation peak at 511 keV. Their presence confirmed the successful transmutation of 64Zn nuclei to 65Cu. Additional direct evidence for transmutation was obtained from the EPR of Cu2+ ions (where 63Cu and 65 …
User Identification And Authentication Using Multi-Modal Behavioral Biometrics, Kyle O. Bailey, James S. Okolica, Gilbert L. Peterson
User Identification And Authentication Using Multi-Modal Behavioral Biometrics, Kyle O. Bailey, James S. Okolica, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Biometric computer authentication has an advantage over password and access card authentication in that it is based on something you are, which is not easily copied or stolen. One way of performing biometric computer authentication is to use behavioral tendencies associated with how a user interacts with the computer. However, behavioral biometric authentication accuracy rates are worse than more traditional authentication methods. This article presents a behavioral biometric system that fuses user data from keyboard, mouse, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) interactions. Combining the modalities results in a more accurate authentication decision based on a broader view of the user's …
Toward Automating Web Protocol Configuration For A Programmable Logic Controller Emulator, Deanna R. Fink
Toward Automating Web Protocol Configuration For A Programmable Logic Controller Emulator, Deanna R. Fink
Theses and Dissertations
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) remain vulnerable through attack vectors that exist within programmable logic controllers (PLC). PLC emulators used as honeypots can provide insight into these vulnerabilities. Honeypots can sometimes deter attackers from real devices and log activity. A variety of PLC emulators exist, but require manual figuration to change their PLC pro le. This limits their flexibility for deployment. An automated process for configuring PLC emulators can open the door for emulation of many types of PLCs. This study investigates the feasibility of creating such a process. The research creates an automated process for figuring the web protocols of …
Multi-Objective Optimization Of Dead-Reckoning Error Thresholds For Virtual Environments, Jeremy R. Millar, Douglas D. Hodson, Gary B. Lamont, Gilbert L. Peterson
Multi-Objective Optimization Of Dead-Reckoning Error Thresholds For Virtual Environments, Jeremy R. Millar, Douglas D. Hodson, Gary B. Lamont, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Design trade-offs between state consistency and system response time are commonplace in virtual environments. Systems typically rely on predictive consistency algorithms such as dead-reckoning to control consistency and response time. Dead-reckoning error threshold selection determines the consistency/response time trade-off. We extend this trade-off space to explicitly account for the concept of system fairness. We derive a multi-objective optimization problem and apply multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to solve for Pareto optimal error thresholds. Abstract ©2014 IEEE.
Modeling The Thermosphere As A Driven-Dissipative Thermodynamic System, William R. Frey, C. S. Lin, Matthew B. Garvin, Ariel O. Acebal
Modeling The Thermosphere As A Driven-Dissipative Thermodynamic System, William R. Frey, C. S. Lin, Matthew B. Garvin, Ariel O. Acebal
Faculty Publications
Thermospheric density impacts satellite position and lifetime through atmospheric drag. More accurate specification of thermospheric temperature, a key input to current models such as the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model, can decrease model density errors. This paper improves the model of Burke et al. (2009) to model thermospheric temperatures using the magnetospheric convective electric field as a driver. In better alignment with Air Force satellite tracking operations, we model the arithmetic mean temperature, T 1/2, defined by the Jacchia (1977) model as the mean of the daytime maximum and nighttime minimum exospheric temperatures occurring in opposite hemispheres at a …
A Recommender System In The Cyber Defense Domain, Katherine B. Lyons
A Recommender System In The Cyber Defense Domain, Katherine B. Lyons
Theses and Dissertations
In the cyber domain, network defenders have traditionally been placed in a reactionary role. Before a defender can act they must wait for an attack to occur and identify the attack. This places the defender at a disadvantage in a cyber attack situation and it is certainly desirable that the defender out maneuver the attacker before the network has been compromised. The goal of this research is to determine the value of employing a recommender system as an attack predictor, and determine the best configuration of a recommender system for the cyber defense domain. The most important contribution of this …
Airborne Wireless Communication Modeling And Analysis With Matlab, Matthew J. Vincie
Airborne Wireless Communication Modeling And Analysis With Matlab, Matthew J. Vincie
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for military, commercial, and private applications. Critical to maintaining control and a use for these systems is the development of wireless networking systems [1]. Computer simulation has increasingly become a key player in airborne networking developments though the accuracy and credibility of network simulations has become a topic of increasing scrutiny [2-5]. Much of the inaccuracies seen in simulation are due to inaccurate modeling of the physical layer of the communication system. This research develops a physical layer model that combines antenna …
Characterization Of Construction Material Properties Through Gamma Spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence, And Hyper-Spectral Imagery For Background Correction Applications In Nuclear Detection, Jared D. Casebolt
Theses and Dissertations
Material identification through hyper-spectral imagery provides a potentially useful data input for background radiation prediction models for gamma spectrum correction in mobile nuclear detection applications. Traditional background correction methods which rely on prior information are often impractical in mobile detection. Prediction models could combine material information with spatial data to develop a suitable substitute to actual background radiation measurements. This research investigates the relationship hyper-spectral properties and natural radioactivity of construction materials. A selection of construction materials are analyzed using three instrumentation methods: 1) gamma-spectroscopy, 2) X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and 3) hyper-spectral imagery. Gamma-spectroscopy focuses on the presence of potassium …
Direct Emissivity Measurements Of Painted Metals For Improved Temperature Estimation During Laser Damage Testing, Sean M. Baumann
Direct Emissivity Measurements Of Painted Metals For Improved Temperature Estimation During Laser Damage Testing, Sean M. Baumann
Theses and Dissertations
A database of spectral, temperature dependent emissivities was created for a range of painted aluminum laser damage testing targets with the purpose of improving accuracy in temperature estimates on front and back target surfaces during laser damage tests. Previous temperature estimations were made by fitting an assumed graybody radiance curve to the radiance measured from the back surface via a Telops imaging Fourier transform spectrometer. In this work, spectral emissivity measurements were made using an SOC-100 hemispherical directional reflectometer and Nicolet Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Of particular interest was a high temperature matte black enamel paint used to coat the …
An Experimental Evaluation Of Image Quality For Various Scenarios In A Chromotomographic System With A Spinning Prism, Kyle J. Dufaud
An Experimental Evaluation Of Image Quality For Various Scenarios In A Chromotomographic System With A Spinning Prism, Kyle J. Dufaud
Theses and Dissertations
A lab and eld based hyperspectral chromotomographic imager has been developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology. It is a prototype used to study the requirements for a space-based system. The imager uses a high speed visible band camera behind a direct-vision prism to image both spatial dimensions and the spectral dimension at the same time. Capturing all 3 simultaneously allows for the hyperspectral imaging of transient events. The prism multiplexes the spectral and spatial information, so tomographic reconstruction algorithms must be used to separate hyperspectral channels. Experiments were conducted to compare reconstructed image quality as a function of …
Verification And Validation Of Monte Carlo N-Particle Code 6 (Mcnp6) With Neutron Protection Factor Measurements Of An Iron Box, Andrew W. Decker
Verification And Validation Of Monte Carlo N-Particle Code 6 (Mcnp6) With Neutron Protection Factor Measurements Of An Iron Box, Andrew W. Decker
Theses and Dissertations
Using a 1984 benchmark experiment, MCNP6 replicated the neutron flux and neutron protection factor (NPF) measurements of an iron box, which simulated a basic military vehicle, resulting in less than 5% difference from the published results. Additionally, the neutron flux spectrum of a 239 PuBe source was characterized using a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) and the solution unfolded using the Maximum Entropy Deconvolution (MAXED) program, producing a X2/df of 0.97. Utilizing a steel box provided by the DTRA, measurements of neutron flux from a D-D neutron accelerator were recorded via BSS inside and outside of the box. Both flux spectra …
Structural Characterization Of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride Via Raman Spectroscopy, James M. Bondy
Structural Characterization Of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride Via Raman Spectroscopy, James M. Bondy
Theses and Dissertations
A non-destruction evaluation of atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films is critical to the U.S. Air Force and Department of Defense initiatives pursuing graphene-based electronic field effect transistors (FETs) capable of operating at terahertz frequencies. H-BN thin films an increase to the characteristic E2g 1367cm-1 h-BN peak intensity has been correlated to an increase in film thickness. Raman spectroscopy on a h-BN film with thicknesses of 7, 14, and 21 atoms (2.5nm, 5nm, 7.5nm respectively) revealed a linear relationship between peak intensity and thickness. This relationship can mathematically be described as y=0.0265x+0.8084, and fits the data with a R2 …
Validation Of The Air Force Weather Agency Ensemble Prediction Systems, William B. Clements
Validation Of The Air Force Weather Agency Ensemble Prediction Systems, William B. Clements
Theses and Dissertations
Air Force Weather Agency's (AFWA) Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS), Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS), 20km Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System (MEPS20) and 4km Mesoscale Prediction System (MEPS4), were evaluated from April to October 2013 for 10 locations around the world to determine how accurately forecast probabilities for wind and precipitation thresholds and lightning occurrence match observed frequencies using Aerodrome Routine Meteorological Reports (METARs) and Aerodrome Special Meteorological Reports (SPECIs). Reliability diagrams were created for each forecast hour detailing the Brier skill score (BSS) to depict EPS performance compared to climatology for each site and score composition through reliability, resolution and uncertainty. …