Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Research Subjects (6)
- Clinical Trials (5)
- Biomedical Research (4)
- Informed Consent (4)
- Patient Rights (4)
-
- Physician-Patient Relations (4)
- Bioethics (3)
- Ethics (3)
- Human Experimentation (3)
- Medical research (3)
- Clinical trials (2)
- Informed consent (2)
- Medical ethics (2)
- Papers in Philosophy of Science and Science Studies (2)
- Philosophy (2)
- Placebos (2)
- Researcher-Subject Relations (2)
- Risk Assessment (2)
- AYA (1)
- Adolescent and young adult (1)
- Agency (1)
- Altruism (1)
- Altruistic emotion (1)
- Attitude to Health (1)
- Authorial and political power (1)
- Authorship (1)
- Biobank (1)
- Biomedical research (1)
- Clinical Ethics (1)
- Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Moderate Deontology And Moral Gaps, Samantha Brennan
Moderate Deontology And Moral Gaps, Samantha Brennan
Samantha Brennan
No abstract provided.
Twitflick: Visualizing The Rhythm And Narrative Of Micro-Blogging Activity, Alberto Pepe, Sasank Reddy, Lilly Nguyen, Mark Hansen
Twitflick: Visualizing The Rhythm And Narrative Of Micro-Blogging Activity, Alberto Pepe, Sasank Reddy, Lilly Nguyen, Mark Hansen
Alberto Pepe
Micro-blogging is a form of online communication by which users broadcast brief text updates, or tweets. This article explores the temporal component of micro-blogging activity by emphasizing its narrative nature: an individual tweet is an expression of personal online presence at a given time, yet it necessarily embodies the context of a broader developing story. We present Twitflick, a digital media platform that blends a continuous stream of real-time text updates from Twitter with related user-uploaded images hosted on Flickr. Twitflick acts as a space in which distributed, temporally-authentic personal narratives, in the form of photographs and text, reinforce, extend, …
Alain Badiou: The Event Of Becoming A Political Subject, Antonio Calcagno
Alain Badiou: The Event Of Becoming A Political Subject, Antonio Calcagno
Antonio Calcagno
One of the more poignant claims Badiou makes is that the subject develops an understanding of itself as a political subject only by executing decisive political actions or making decisive political interventions. In this article I will argue that in order to have a fuller philosophical conception of political subjectivity, and therefore political agency, one must also hold that, first, political interventions do not necessarily lead to a definition or a further way of referring to and understanding the subject. In fact, political events and interventions may consciously aim at and result in the de-politicizing, de-subjectivating or dehumanizing of the …
On Monsters: An Unnatural History Of Our Worst Fears, Stephen Asma
On Monsters: An Unnatural History Of Our Worst Fears, Stephen Asma
Stephen T Asma
Real or imagined, literal or metaphorical, monsters have exerted a dread fascination on the human mind for many centuries. Using philosophical treatises, theological tracts, newspapers, films, and novels, author Stephen T. Asma unpacks traditional monster stories for the clues they offer about the inner logic of our fears and fascinations throughout the ages.
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Decision-Making By Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation, Kate Read, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Decision-Making By Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation, Kate Read, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Charles Weijer
Background: Low rates of participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in clinical oncology trials may contribute to poorer outcomes. Factors that influence the decision of AYAs to participate in health research and whether these factors are different from those that affect the participation of parents of children with cancer.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from validated questionnaires provided to adolescents (>12 years old) diagnosed with cancer and parents of children with cancer at 3 sites in Canada (Halifax, Vancouver, and Montreal) and 2 in the United States (Atlanta, GA, and Memphis, TN). Respondents reported their …
Ethical And Policy Issues In Cluster Randomized Trials: Rationale And Design Of A Mixed Methods Research Study, Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Judith Brown, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Martin Eccles, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein, Allan Donner
Ethical And Policy Issues In Cluster Randomized Trials: Rationale And Design Of A Mixed Methods Research Study, Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Judith Brown, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Martin Eccles, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein, Allan Donner
Charles Weijer
Background: Cluster randomized trials are an increasingly important methodological tool in health research. In cluster randomized trials, intact social units or groups of individuals, such as medical practices, schools, or entire communities--rather than individual themselves--are randomly allocated to intervention or control conditions, while outcomes are then observed on individual cluster members. The substantial methodological differences between cluster randomized trials and conventional randomized trials pose serious challenges to the current conceptual framework for research ethics. The ethical implications of randomizing groups rather than individuals are not addressed in current research ethics guidelines, nor have they even been thoroughly explored. The main …
Recombinant Dna: Relections Of Scientific Knowledge And Its Place In Public Controversy, Joseph Rouse
Recombinant Dna: Relections Of Scientific Knowledge And Its Place In Public Controversy, Joseph Rouse
Joseph Rouse
No abstract provided.
From Realism Or Antirealism To Science As Solidarity, Joseph Rouse
From Realism Or Antirealism To Science As Solidarity, Joseph Rouse
Joseph Rouse
No abstract provided.
Happy Serf Liberation Day: China And Tibet, Stephen Asma
Happy Serf Liberation Day: China And Tibet, Stephen Asma
Stephen T Asma
No abstract provided.
An Essay On Names And Truth, By Wolfram Hinzen, Ileana Paul, Robert Stainton
An Essay On Names And Truth, By Wolfram Hinzen, Ileana Paul, Robert Stainton
Ileana Paul
No abstract provided.
Research Governance Lessons From The National Placebo Initiative, Heather Sampson, Charles Weijer, Daryl Pullman
Research Governance Lessons From The National Placebo Initiative, Heather Sampson, Charles Weijer, Daryl Pullman
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Minimal Risk And Large-Scale Biobank And Cohort Research, Timothy Caulfield, Charles Weijer
Minimal Risk And Large-Scale Biobank And Cohort Research, Timothy Caulfield, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Foucault And Derrida: The Question Of Empowering And Disempowering The Author, Antonio Calcagno
Foucault And Derrida: The Question Of Empowering And Disempowering The Author, Antonio Calcagno
Antonio Calcagno
This article focuses on Michel Foucault’s concepts of authorship and power. Jacques Derrida has often been accused of being more of a literary author than a philosopher or political theorist. Richard Rorty complains that Derrida’s views on politics are not pragmatic enough; he sees Derrida’s later work, including his political work, more as a “private self-fashioning” than concrete political thinking aimed at devising short-term solutions to problems here and now. Employing Foucault’s work around authorship and the origins of power, I show that Derrida is indeed fashioning himself. This self-fashioning is not merely private or fanciful. Rather, I argue that …
Providing Research Results To Participants: Attitudes And Needs Of Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Providing Research Results To Participants: Attitudes And Needs Of Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Charles Weijer
PURPOSE: There is an increasing demand for researchers to provide research results to participants. Our aim was to define an appropriate process for this, based on needs and attitudes of participants.
METHODS: A multicenter survey in five sites in the United States and Canada was offered to parents of children with cancer and adolescents with cancer. Respondents indicated their preferred mode of communication of research results with respect to implications; timing, provider, and content of the results; reasons for and against providing results; and barriers to providing results.
RESULTS: Four hundred nine parents (including 19 of deceased children) and 86 …
Care Of An Unresponsive Patient With A Poor Prognosis, Arthur Slutsky, Leonard Hudson, Nancy Dubler, Charles Weijer, Mark Tonelli
Care Of An Unresponsive Patient With A Poor Prognosis, Arthur Slutsky, Leonard Hudson, Nancy Dubler, Charles Weijer, Mark Tonelli
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Journal Instructions Regarding Institutional Review Board Approval And Conflict-Of-Interest Disclosure Between 1995 And 2005, Anne Rowan-Legg, Charles Weijer, J. Gao, C. Fernandez
A Comparison Of Journal Instructions Regarding Institutional Review Board Approval And Conflict-Of-Interest Disclosure Between 1995 And 2005, Anne Rowan-Legg, Charles Weijer, J. Gao, C. Fernandez
Charles Weijer
OBJECTIVES: To compare 2005 and 1995 ethics guidelines from journal editors to authors regarding requirements for institutional review board (IRB) approval and conflict-of-interest (COI) disclosure.
DESIGN: A descriptive study of the ethics guidelines published in 103 English-language biomedical journals listed in the Abridged Index Medicus in 1995 and 2005. Each journal was reviewed by the principal author and one of four independent reviewers.
RESULTS: During the period, the proportion of journals requiring IRB approval increased from 42% (95% CI 32.2% to 51.2%, p<0.001) to 76% (95% CI 66.4% to 83.1%, p<0.001). In 2005, an additional 9% referred to the Declaration of Helsinki or the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' Uniform requirements for ethical guidelines; 15% (95% CI 8.5% to 22.5%, p<0.01) provided ambiguous or no requirements. The proportion of journals requiring COI disclosure increased from 75% (95% CI 66.6% to 83.3%, p<0.05) to 94% (95% CI 89.4% to 98.6%, p<0.05); 41% had comprehensive requirements, while some addressed only funding source (6%), were vague (10%) or both (14%). Criteria for authorship rose from 40% (95% CI 30.5% to 49.5%, p<0.05) to 72% (95% CI 63.3% to 80.7%, p<0.05). Journals with higher impact factors were more likely to require IRB approval (p<0.01). Journals in anaesthesia and radiology all required IRB approval; requirements in other disciplines varied.
CONCLUSIONS: Instructions to authors regarding ethical standards have improved. Some remain incomplete, especially regarding the scope of …
0.001)>A Clustering-Based Semi Automated Technique To Build Cultural Ontologies, Ramesh Srinivasan, Alberto Pepe, Marko Rodriguez
A Clustering-Based Semi Automated Technique To Build Cultural Ontologies, Ramesh Srinivasan, Alberto Pepe, Marko Rodriguez
Alberto Pepe
This article presents and validates a clustering-based method for creating cultural ontologies for community-oriented information systems. The introduced semiautomated approach merges distributed annotation techniques, or subjective assessments of similarities between cultural categories, with established clustering methods to produce cognate ontologies. This approach is validated against a locally authentic ethnographic method, involving direct work with communities for the design of fluid ontologies. The evaluation is conducted with of a set of Native American communities located in San Diego County (CA, US). The principal aim of this research is to discover whether distributing the annotation process among isolated respondents would enable ontology …
Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This introductory chapter begins with a brief explanation of the impetus behind the book as well as its objectives. It then discusses the history of consent and the challenges for informed consent. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Foundations And Philosophy Of Physics, Juan Ferret
Benedict Spinoza: Metaphysics, Jason Waller
Feminist Ethics And Everyday Inequalities, Samantha Brennan
Feminist Ethics And Everyday Inequalities, Samantha Brennan
Samantha Brennan
How should feminist philosophers regard the inequalities that structure the lives of women? Some of these inequalities are trivial and others are not; together they form a framework of unequal treatment that shapes women's lives. This paper asks what priority we should give inequalities that affect women; it critically analyzes Claudia Card's view that feminists ought to give evils priority. Sometimes ending gender-based inequalities is the best route to eliminating gender-based evil.
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
Since its inception as an international requirement to protect patients and healthy volunteers taking part in medical research, informed consent has become the primary consideration in research ethics. Despite the ubiquity of consent, however, scholars have begun to question its adequacy for contemporary biomedical research. This book explores this issue, reviewing the application of consent to genetic research, clinical trials, and research involving vulnerable populations. For example, in genetic research, information obtained from an autonomous research participant may have significant bearing on the interests of family members who have not consented to the study. This casts doubt on the adequacy …
Gold Or Fool's Gold? : Ridding The Golden Rule Of Absurd Implications, Harry Gensler, S.J.
Gold Or Fool's Gold? : Ridding The Golden Rule Of Absurd Implications, Harry Gensler, S.J.
Harry J. Gensler, S.J.
The Golden Rule—'do to others as you would have them do to you', 'what is hateful to you to your fellow don't do', to take the two most familiar formulations—defines a meeting place for many fields of learning. There the study of comparative religion, philosophy and ethics, anthropology and sociology, and the whole range of cross-cultural studies carried on in the social sciences and the humanities intersect. That hardly presents a surprise, since the Golden Rule finds a place in most religions and is universally acknowledged to form a part of the shared heritage of human wisdom. But if it …
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This chapter attempts to derive, define, and specify norms governing the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject, and to explore their interconnection. It argues that rooting the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject in a normative theory of trust is promising. It enables the derivation, definition, and specification of norms governing the relationship and appreciation of their interconnection.
Obesity, Identity And Community: Leveraging Social Networks For Behavior Change In Public Health, Norah Mulvaney-Day, Catherine Womack
Obesity, Identity And Community: Leveraging Social Networks For Behavior Change In Public Health, Norah Mulvaney-Day, Catherine Womack
Catherine A. Womack
Obesity is a public health problem influenced by behavioral patterns that span an ecological spectrum of individual-level factors, social network factors and environmental factors. Both individual and environmental approaches necessarily include significant influences from social networks, but how and under what conditions social networks influence behavior change is often not clearly mapped out either in the obesity literature or in many intervention designs. In this paper, we provide an analysis of recent empirical work in obesity research that explicates social network influences on eating behaviors. We argue that a relational rather than individualistic view of personhood should help us better …
Friendship, Altruism And Morality (Routledge Revivals), Lawrence Blum
Friendship, Altruism And Morality (Routledge Revivals), Lawrence Blum
Lawrence Blum
Friendship, Altruism, and Morality, originally published in 1980, gives an account of "altruistic emotions" (compassion, sympathy, concern) and friendship that brings out their moral value. Blum argues that moral theories centered on rationality, universal principle, obligation, and impersonality cannot capture this moral importance. This was one of the first books in contemporary moral philosophy to emphasize the moral significance of emotions, to deal with friendship as a moral phenomenon, and to challenge the rationalism of standard interpretations of Kant, although Blum’s "sentimentalism" owes more to Schopenhauer than to Hume. It was a forerunner to care ethics, and feminist ethics …
Darwin, Ethics And Evolution, Harry Gensler, S.J.
Darwin, Ethics And Evolution, Harry Gensler, S.J.
Harry J. Gensler, S.J.
This coherent collection of original papers marks the 150 year anniversary since the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). Although the area of evolution-related publications is vast, the area of interaction between Darwinian ideas and specifically Catholic doctrine has received limited attention. This interaction is quite distinct from the one between Darwinism and the Christian tradition in general. Interest in Darwin from the Catholic viewpoint has recently been rekindled.