Digital Commons Network^™

The Joint Venture Controversy: A Short-Term Solution For A Long-Term Fisheries Policy, Laurie A. Frost

Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the development of joint ventures under the FCMA, the legislative and regulatory measures designed to control these ventures and the procedures for establishing a joint venture. More recent developments in joint venture policy will be examined, including the controversy over squid joint ventures on the East Coast, to determine what the objectives are and what current policy is regarding join ventures. The debate between harvesters and processors will be put forth as a way of summarizing the costs and benefits of joint ventures to the industry as a whole.

Rhode Island's Barrier Beaches: As Assessment Of Their Future, David J. Hampshire

Theses and Major Papers

The lands and waters of the coastal zone have either been mismanaged or not managed at all since the early settling of the United States. Nowhere is this more evident, perhaps than along the nation's barrier beaches. Rhode Island, while not suffering nearly from the degree of development on its barrier beaches as other states, is no exception. Economic pressures brought to bear have forced federal, state, and local governments to grapple extensively with this issue. The need for the preservation of barrier beaches in their natural state cannot be overstated and is recognized by all levels of government. This …

The Effect Of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons On The Fecundity Of Acartia Tonsa (Calanoid Copepoda), Juanita Y. Grabarczyk

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAHs) were determined for several stations in the Elizabeth River. Thirteen PNAHs of the sixteen EPA priority pollutant PNAHs were present in the particulate fraction. The concentrations ranged from 10.0 ng/1 to 1000 ng/1. Ten of the sixteen EPA priority pollutant PNAH were present in the dissolved phase. Concentrations ranged from 2.0 ng/1 to 100 ng/1.

The environmental PNAHs concentrations were used to determine test concentrations. Bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of indigenous concentrations of seven predominant PNAHs (0.01 mg/1 to 2.4 mg/1 concentrations) on the fecundity of Acartia tonsa (calanoid Copepoda). …

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Frontal Regions Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Richard V. Lacouture

OES Theses and Dissertations

The spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton was measured in relation to frontal areas located in the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Phytoplankton biomass, taxonomy, and several physical parameters were measured on fifteen sampling cruises between September,1981 and February, 1983.

Several statistical tests revealed that phytoplankton biomass did not accumulate at the fronts and that generally the distribution of phytoplankton biomass was homogenous across the frontal region. The cell count data indicated that the community structure of the phytoplankton assemblage was usually very similar on both sides of the front. The data which was concerned with temporal variations in the …

The Effect Of Sea Nettle Abundance On The Food Chain Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Michael Glenn Kelly

OES Theses and Dissertations

The significance of sea nettle abundance on lower levels of the Chesapeake Bay food chain was examined in a field study and by the analysis of medusa gut contents. In the field study, the abundance of four levels of the food chain (Chlorophyll (a), copepods, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and the Schyphomedusa Chrysaora guinguecirrha) were monitored twice weekly at four stations from May 10 through September 30, 1982. The copepod standing stock declined sharply in late May when M. leidyi appeared, but rebounded a month later when C. guinguecirrha medusae reduced the ctenophore population. Despite the additional presence …

Adaptations Of Dolphin Vision To The Oceanic Environment, Andre Rivamonte

OES Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study has been to develop an hypothesis explaining comparable aerial and underwater visual acuity of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. This objective was accomplished by integrating the findings of other dolphin researchers working in the fields of comparative psychology, histology and ophthalmology. Their combined results enabled the formulation of a schematic dolphin eye. It is proposed that a dolphin lens, similar to the spherical lens of teleost fish with a rigid core of uniformly high refractive index and a margin of radially decreasing refractive index, could function as a bifocal lens and compensate for the eye's …

The Effect Of Crowding On Growth Of The Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Bonnie A. Barrows

OES Theses and Dissertations

It has been reported that the Java tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, displays hypersensitivity to a substance it produces when biomass levels in a flow-through culture system exceed 20 g/1, resulting in reduced growth and high mortality. Experiments on the growth of this species in small tanks were conducted in order to determine whether O. mossambicus produces a growth-inhibiting compound under crowded conditions. This species was successfully maintained at biomass levels of 38 g/1 and 57 g/1 with a total mortality of only 4.5%.

The Java tilapia can grow rapidly in small aquaria, as indicated by the data taken during Experiment …

The Growth And Feeding Behavior Of Juvenile Spot, Leiostomus Xanthurus Lacepede, In The Nursery Region Of The James River, Virginia, John Thomas Mccambridge Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The in situ growth and feeding behavior of juvenile spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, was investigated for populations in the nursery area of the James River, Virginia. Growth of juvenile spot was found to be fairly rapid (11.34 mm/month, standard length) during their first summer in the nursery grounds, but it levelled off in the autumn. The mean size of spot after the first year was calculated to be 195 mm total length. The weight-length relationship was log W = -5.018 + 3.246(log L), where W = wet weight in grams and L = standard length in millimeters.

Juvenile spot appeared …

A Model Of The Population Dynamics Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Betty Springer Hester

OES Theses and Dissertations

This study has particular application to the blue crab fisheries in Chesapeake Bay, an economically important industry whose successful management has been hindered by relatively poor understanding of the population dynamics. Recent biological studies have indicated a systematic spawning behavior which seems designed for ejection of larvae seaward from the bay entrance where they spend their pre-metamorphosis stages in the neuston. A physical mechanism for retention of the larvae in sufficient proximity to the bay entrance for their return at the proper time which involves the action of wind stress in shallow waters is proposed. Since the supply of blue …

Simultaneous Functional Hermaphroditism In The Shrimp Hippolysmata Wurdemanni (Gibbes) (Decopoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae), Marie Hollister Bundy

OES Theses and Dissertations

The caridean shrimp Hippolysmata wurdemanni Gibbes was studied from a histological and a behavioral basis and was found to be a protandric hermaphrodite which later adopts simultaneous functional hermaphroditism. When the animal reaches a certain size, the androgenic gland degenerates, the male secondary sexual characteristics are lost, and vitellogenesis occurs in the anterior portion of the gonad. The animals do not lose the ability to function as males as evidenced by the presence of mature sperm in the gonad and the gonadal lumen of gravid shrimp, and the ability of both members of an isolated pair of shrimp to repeatedly …

The Law Of The Sea: International Law Implications Of The U.S. Refusal To Sign The Treaty, Richard D. Coogan

Theses and Major Papers

This study is undertaken to show the impact of the international law aspects of the Law of the Sea Treaty as they relate to the U.S. failure to sign the Treaty. The U.S. has embarked on a course of action, by its refusal to sign the Treaty, that can have major impact on day-to-day national policy issues as they relate to international law governing a state's behavior. The U.S., in refusing to sign the Treaty because of the deep seabed provisions, and yet claiming other provisions as reflecting customary law, is probably correct as viewed in today's realities.

The Effect Of The Endangered Species Act Of 1973, Robert Palmer Yankle Ii

Theses and Major Papers

Scrimshaw, as an art form, had just recently risen a few notches above the state of obscurity. There are still millions of Americans who probably know nothing about it. Inextricably linked with the whaling industry for years, the scrimshaw industry has recently undergone a remarkable transition. When whaling ended in the United States, scrimshaw moved ashore and some people found out that there was a great deal of money to be made in the scrimshaw business. but with the passage of the Marine Mammals Protection Act in 1973, scrimshanders found themselves being tightly regulated by the Federal government. This paper …

Artificial Floating Islands: Cities Of The Future, Earl A. Proetzel

Theses and Major Papers

This report will investigate the feasibility of large-scale artificial floating islands, to solve problems posed by over-population and environment-burdening activities in coastal areas. The investigation will focus on the historic, technical, utilizable and legal aspects of artificial floating islands. Although this report exemplifies artificial floating islands developed for offshore cities, electrical power generation and basing for the military, its content is applicable to any offshore floating development.

U.S. Flag Merchant Vessels For The Future: Many Requirements For A Limited Resource, Donald R. Ditko

Theses and Major Papers

Decline in military useful ships is one indication of the general decline in the U.S. merchant marine since the massive Liberty and Victory programs of World War II. As the statistics in Part II will show, the U.S. flag merchant marine is facing possible nonexistence if a resurgence is not realized within this decade. Numbers of ships is only a small part of a complicated problem, however. A more serious question is the idea of a militarily useful hull.

A Practical Guide To Admiralty Law For The Seagoing Naval Officer, John Edward Walters

Theses and Major Papers

Daily there are hundreds of United States Navy vessels operating in foreign, international and domestic waters. The knowledge of admiralty law possessed by the officers on these vessels is extremely limited. Prospective Commanding Officers of Navy vessels are trained in areas of international and maritime law, but not in cases involving admiralty. If a United States naval vessel is involved in an admiralty incident, the only recourse the Commanding Officer has is to contact his superior and wait for word from the Staff Judge Advocate representative. It is not necessary for Commanding Officers to be experts on admiralty matters in …

An Examination Of The Ability Of The U.S. Merchant Marine To Perform Its Mission During Peacetime And Various Contingency Situations, Paul Michael Molloy

Theses and Major Papers

The maritime transportation industry is an extremely important one for the United States today. Strategic materials are mostly carried by ships; thus, our economy, and to some extent our national defense, depend on the secure and efficient operation of the maritime transportation industry. Anything which could adversely impact on the continued operation of shipping is a matter of grave concern. The hypothesis of this paper is that the U.S. Merchant Marine is currently unable to perform its peacetime or wartime mission. The methodology will be to examine the missions to be performed by the Merchant Marine during the different situations …

Soviet Predatory Practices In The U. S. Liner Trades: Strategy And Prospects, Daniel D. Thompson

Theses and Major Papers

The impressive growth of the Soviet Merchant Marine during the past two decades. and its anticipated future expansion have given rise to questions concerning the likely future impact of that fleet on world shipping and the relative importance of maritime commerce to the Soviet Union itself. U.S. owners and regulatory bodies have, along with other Western owners and shipping bodies, consistently pointed an accusing finger at the Soviets for attempting to capture more than a fair share of general cargo tonnage in the world liner market. Charges of predatory Soviet rate cutting practices have been widely advertised by American operators …

Redevelopment In Jacksonville Beach, Florida: A Coastal Zone Management Perspective, Keith E. Falt

Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to provide the community leaders and the concerned citizens of Jacksonville Beach, Florida with an understanding of the issues involved with development of the beachfront of that community. Too often development projects are planned and implemented with those responsible unaware of many of the factors which will impact the success of the project. The unusual qualities of the shoreline mandate careful consideration.

Cargo Preference: Bitter Pill For The U.S. Public Or Pillar Of Strength For The U.S Merchant Marine?, Rand D. Lebouvier

Theses and Major Papers

Leading with a brief discussion of the need for federal aid in general, the background, impact, and prospects for the future of cargo preference will be examined. It will be demonstrated that federal aid, particularly in the form of Cargo Preference, is required to maintain the merchant marine. It will also be demonstrated that federal aid and policy in its present form is not sufficient to promote growth. There needs to be significant improvement in this area if the maritime industry is to become a successful and vital force once again. Though cargo preference comprises only one part of the …

Impact Of The Law Of The Sea Treaty On The Soviet Fishing Industry, Gary Lee Roemmich

Theses and Major Papers

The signing of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Treaty was the maturation of an idea that was born thirty-six years ago. That treaty placed into effect the 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). A universal 200 mile EEZ could be a death knell for the high-seas fishing fleets we know today as the majority of the major fishing grounds lie within 200 miles of the coast. The Soviet Union presently has the largest fishing fleet in the world and will perhaps feel the largest impact from the treaty signing. This paper intends to evaluate …

Causes Of The Decline Of The Merchant Marine And Prospects For Renewal Under Current Federal Maritime Policy, William A. Tait

Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to identify, with particular emphasis on federal maritime policy, the reasons why the merchant marine and maritime industry of the United States have so dramatically declined in size, capacity, and competitiveness in recent years.Current and proposed government policy, particularly that of the Reagan Administration, will be examined along with viewpoints of representative maritime industry sectors to assess the prospects for solving the problems that plague the merchant marine. Finally, recommendations will be offered which are considered most likely to improve the vitality of the merchant marine.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels In The Ocean Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Gmelin From The Philadelphia Sewage Sludge Disposal Site, Guy Jeffrey Hall

OES Theses and Dissertations

Ocean Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were sampled from stations in and around the Philadelphia Disposal Site. Each sample was dissected and aliquots of adductor muscle and reproductive tissue were chemically extracted for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). A perchlorinated procedure outlined by Diosady et al., 1972, Aromour, 1973 and Crist et al., 1977 was employed to increase detection levels and simplify quantitation of PCBs. PCB levels were reported in dry weight and lipid weight of both adductor muscle and reproductive tissue. Findings indicated residual levels or PCB/lipid weight increased as lipid levels decreased in both tissue types. Levels detected in all adductor muscle …

A Study Of Increased Flow Off The Eastern Seaboard Of The United States Within Four Synoptic Flow Patterns During The Winter Months, John Dale Liechty

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study of increased winds during the winter season off the United States Eastern Seaboard was made in each of four synoptic flow patterns: prefrontal; postfrontal; northeast; and southerly. Eight years of synoptic data for the months October through March from two pairs of stations were utilized. Each pair consisted of one land and one sea station; of the sea stations, Frying Pan Light was located in or near the warmer water of the Gulf Stream while Chesapeake Light was situated in colder, coastal water. Both land stations were situated in the vicinity of the coast.

A statistical analysis was …

Variability Of Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations And Deposition Rates, Charles Thomas Farmer

OES Theses and Dissertations

The atmospheric hydrocarbon concentration was determined at various locations throughout Southeastern Virginia from July 1981 to February 1983. During this period the concentration ranged from 0.4 to 5.5 μg/m³ . From October 1982 to February 1983, WET and dry deposition samples were collected in conjunction with these air samples. Total hydrocarbon dry deposition rates ranged from deposition rates ranged from 4 to 189 μg/m² /day, while WET 22 to 670 μg/m² /day. Hydrocarbon concentrations found were within the ranges reported in the literature for wet, dry and atmospheric hydrocarbon concentrations.

Linear trend analysis revealed no correlation between …

Input And Distribution Of Sewage Derived Sedimentary Material Adjacent To Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Robert Carroll Brown

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of coprostanol and hydrocarbons were measured in the effluent from the Chesapeake-Elizabeth sewage treatment plant and surface sediments from the area surrounding the effluent discharge site. Most of the coprostanol (>84%) and hydrocarbons (>91%) were associated with particulates in the effluent. Some of these particles were incorporated into the sedimentary column within the study area, while some may have escaped from the area.

The study area is found to be a dynamic area where changes in the percentage and distribution of fine-grained sediments occur over periods of months. The movement of fine-grained sediments is an important …

The American Lobster Fishery Management Plan: An Assessment Of Its Impact On The New Hampshire Lobster Industry, John C. Belcher

Theses and Major Papers

Exclusive fishery management jurisdiction between three and twelve nautical miles from the coast was granted to the Federal government by Congress in 1966. No federal regulations governing fishery management were ever promulgated, however. In 1972 an attempt was made to establish management regulations. Regional councils were formed to discuss industrial, managerial and scientific problems associated with fisheries within the territorial sea. Their success was limited. Not until the Fishery Conservation and ManagementAct of 1976 (PubIc Law 94-265) was enacted did a sound management structure exist at the federal level for fisheries regulation. This Act (FCMA) established a fishery conservation zone …

A Survey Of Recreational Boating In Newport Harbor, David Dean Burrage

Theses and Major Papers

This is a study of the recreational boating industry in Newport Harbor, Rhode Island. It is a facility inventory study as well as a consumer attitude and perception study. In these respects, it amounts to a market survey. Prior to this work, the firms in this city which deal with recreational boaters had no conception of the number of users or geographic area influenced by the services they proffered. There was a need to know if the consumers of these services perceived various problems in Newport Harbor. Among these problems were such things as crowding, pollution, conflicts between user groups, …

Beach Ownership And Public Access In Massachusetts, Mark Harlow Robinson

Theses and Major Papers

No abstract provided.

Offshore Jurisdiction And Federal-State Relations: The 12 Nautical Mile Territorial Sea And The Tidelands Controversy, Jeremy D. Wiese

Theses and Major Papers

Recently, after several decades of negotiations, the United States, acting through the President, opted not to sign the United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty. In the aftermath of this decision those individuals involved with marine affairs are beginning to examine the Treaty's separate provisions to ascertain those which the U.S. may embrace under the auspices of customary international law. To date, this examination has led to a Presidential Proclamation generating an Exclusive Economic Zone for the U.S. Jurisdictionally, the next logical step would be U.S. adoption of the 12 nautical mile limit for its territorial sea. Indeed, movement in …

Energy Utilization In Bay Anchovy And Black Sea Bass Eggs And Larvae Contrasting Ecological Roles, John Wotring Tucker Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The objective of this study was a comparison of developmental changes and energy utilization in eggs, unfed larvae, and fed larvae of two marine fish species that both have pelagic early stages, but differ in phylogeny and early life ecology. The bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), a clupeiform, spawns in estuaries and shallow coastal waters. The black sea bass (Centropristis striata striata), a perciform, spawns offshore at 15-50 m depths. Densities of zooplankton eaten by first-feeding fish larvae are normally higher in coastal waters than offshore. An important determinant of survival of larval fishes is their ability to fulfill nutritional requirements …