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Restoring, Protecting, And Expanding Abortion Access In The United States: Seeking Consensus Through The Delphi Method, Sarah Pickering

Dissertations and Theses

Background: The Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization Supreme Court decision exacerbated inequitable access to abortion in the US. Agreement is needed on which strategies should be prioritized to restore, protect, and expand abortion access.

Methods: We convened a multidisciplinary, geographically diverse Delphi panel of clinical, research, policy, legal, and advocacy experts to reach consensus (i.e., agreement >67%) on recommended actions. Using feedback from three rounds of surveys, and input from a select expert advisory group (N=10), we iteratively refined the statements and recommendations.

Results: The panel (N=85) developed 25 consensus statements and 32 recommendations for action by advocates, funders, …

Application Of Methods To Population-Based Surveys To Reduce Bias In Estimates Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Burden In The Population, Saba Qasmieh

Dissertations and Theses

BACKGROUND: Population-based surveys designed to randomly sample the population can be a critical and complementary tool to traditional surveillance approaches. Probability-based surveys enable the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 testing and outcomes that avoid issues around self-selection into testing, making them an effective approach to address ascertainment bias in passive surveillance. For surveys to be a useful and reliable surveillance tool for understanding the burden and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they need to capture prevalence estimates that are both valid and reliable to be optimally informative for public health measures. The dissertation was undertaken to address three main gaps that have implications …

Mortality Of Patients Hospitalized By Covid-19 In Mexico, Systematic Review, Ana Portocarrerero Granados, Lya A Castro Rodriguez, Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera, María Del Socorro Romero Figueroa

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Introduction: Since the start of the pandemic, Mexico was one of the countries with the highest mortality rates from COVID 19. Objective: To determine if type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and obesity increase mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who required hospitalization in Mexico. Methods: Systematic review in Pubmed MeSH, Web of Science, Lilas, Scielo, and Google Scholar with the terms MeSH COVID-19, SARS-COV2, Coronavirus, and Mexico for the years 2020 and 2021, in English or Spanish. Two reviewers selected the studies, two additional reviewers participated in the analysis of the studies. Results: Seventy three studies carried out in …

Stillbirth Mortality By Robson Ten-Group Classification System: A Cross-Sectional Registry Of 80 663 Births From 16 Hospital In Sub-Saharan Africa, Claudia Hanson, Kristi Annerstedt, Maria Alsina, Muzdalfat Abeid, Hussein Kidanto, Helle Alvesson, Andrea Pembe, Peter Waiswa, Jean-Paul Dossou, Effie Chipeta

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Objective To assess stillbirth mortality by Robson ten-group classification and the usefulness of this approach for understanding trends.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting Prospectively collected perinatal e-registry data from 16 hospitals in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda.

Population All women aged 13–49 years who gave birth to a live or stillborn baby weighting >1000 g between July 2021 and December 2022.

Methods We compared stillbirth risk by Robson ten-group classification, and across countries, and calculated proportional contributions to mortality.

Main outcome measures Stillbirth mortality, defined as antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths.

Results We included 80 663 babies born to 78 085 women; …

Physical Activity On Multiuse Trails And In A Novel Bike Park Within An Urban Wilderness, Douglas Gregory

Doctoral Dissertations

Research has shown that the presence of, access to, and use of parks and trails is associated with increased levels of PA. However, little research exists on nature-based, recreational multiuse trails and bike-specific amenities within parks and their impact on PA. Therefore, to explore the effect trails and bike parks have on PA, this dissertation conducted three investigations to: 1) determine the impact of trail/greenway interventions on PA, 2) investigate how seasonality and weather influence nature-based recreational trail use, and 3) develop a demographic and PA profile of bike park users.

Investigation 1 (Chapter 4) systematically reviewed the literature specific …

Family Medicine’S Role In Addressing The Intersections Of Redlining And Climate Change, Daryl O. Traylor, Eboni E. Anderson, Brianna Clark, Alex M. Smith, Cooper K. Allenbrand

Journal of Sustainable Social Change

Redlining, the practice of discriminating against specific neighborhoods based on race and socioeconomic status, leads to persistent environmental hazards and socioeconomic inequalities that have lasting adverse health effects on their populations. Health disparities are further exacerbated through the concentration of environmental hazards, as well as the escalating impact of climate change, which poses an increased risk of respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease, mental health issues, heat-related illness, infectious diseases, food insecurity, and socioeconomic difficulties in redline neighborhoods.

This paper examines the interplay of redlining, climate change, and health disparities, with an emphasis on the enduring consequences for these marginalized communities. Through …

Malaria, A Burden For Sub-Saharan Africa, Alpha Mamadou Hady Barry

Health and Kinesiology Theses

Malaria has been a worldwide health problem for centuries causing between 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually, and mostly affecting children aged 5 and under and pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (Phillips, 2001). The discovery of malaria parasites by Laveran in 1880 as well as the finding of mosquitoes as vectors for avian malaria by Ross in 1897, made scientific studies about malaria possible. Between 1898 and 1900, the Italian scientists Grassi, Bignami, Bastianelli, Celli, Golgi and Marchiafava discovered human malaria (Cox, 2010). Malaria has been eradicated from developed countries such as the United Staes and most European countries …

Overview Of The Zoonotic Potential And Coinfection Of Sars-Cov-2 In Indonesia, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the ASEAN region, Indonesia has the highest overall COVID-19 infection score. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic first emerged in China and then transmitted sporadically throughout the world. Animals and humans can be infected with the corona virus, so this disease is classified as a zoonotic disease. This review aims to gather information regarding the potential of SARS-CoV-2 as a zoonotic disease and coinfections with several other pathogens in Indonesia. This study collected data demonstrating the potential for COVID-19 to be transmitted from humans to animals, as an evidenced by positive test results for the Bat Coronavirus Antigen in bats. Cats have …

Maternal Mortality: What Is The Situation And The Determinants?, Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Maternal mortality is a term used to describe a woman's death due to a pregnancy-related issues during pregnancy or a year from its termination or due to an existing condition exacerbated by pregnancy. Every year, an estimated 303,000 women lose their lives during childbirth, mostly in underdeveloped nations. This study aimed to assess the current situation and causes of maternal mortality around the world. It was conducted by searching for the related keywords in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Google Books. The search was limited to articles published between the years 2015 and 2023. This article found that maternal deaths can …

Neighborhood Environment And Poor Maternal Glycemic Control-Associated Complications Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Leela V. Thomas, Claudine T. Jurkovitz, Zugui Zhang, Mitchell R. Fawcett, M. James Lenhard

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Risk of complications due to gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing in the U.S., particularly among individuals from racial minorities. Research has focused largely on clinical interventions to prevent complications, rarely on individuals' residential environments. This retrospective cohort study aims to examine the association between individuals' neighborhoods and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic health records and linked to American Community Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2,047 individuals who had 2,164 deliveries in 2014-2018. Data were analyzed in 2021-2022 using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test for bivariate …

Association Between Marital Status, Family Size, And Diabetes Among Asian-American Women, Rhea Ann Reyes Mcbride

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Emerging Stroke Risk Factors: A Focus On Infectious And Environmental Determinants, Sajid Hameed, Nurose Karim, Mohammad Wasay, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian

Section of Neurology

This review focuses on emerging risk factors for stroke, including air pollution and climate change, gut microbiota, high altitude, and systemic infection. Up to 14% of all stroke-associated mortality is attributed to air pollution and is more pronounced in developing countries. Fine particulate matter and other air pollutants contribute to an increased stroke risk, and this risk appears to increase with higher levels and duration of exposure. Short term air pollution exposure has also been reported to increase the stroke risk. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of bacteria and other microorganisms that reside in the digestive system and …

Comparison Of Ketamine-Xylazine, Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine, And Nalbuphine-Medetomidine-Azaperone For Raccoon (Procyon Lotor) Immobilization, Shylo R. Johnson, Christine K. Ellis, Chad Wickham, Molly R. Selleck, Amy T. Gilbert

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are frequently handled using chemical immobilization in North America for management and research. In a controlled environment, we compared three drug combinations: ketamine-xylazine (KX), butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM), and nalbuphinemedetomidine- azaperone (NalMed-A) for raccoon immobilization. In crossover comparisons, raccoons received a mean of the following: 8.66 mg/kg ketamine and 1.74 mg/kg xylazine (0.104 mL/kg KX); 0.464 mg/kg butorphanol, 0.155 mg/kg azaperone, and 0.185 mg/kg medetomidine (0.017 mL/kg BAM); and 0.800 mg/kg nalbuphine, 0.200 mg/kg azaperone, and 0.200 mg/kg medetomidine (0.020 mL/kg NalMed-A). Induction time was shortest with KX (mean6SE, 10.060.7 min) and longest with NalMed-A (13.061.3 min). …

Development And Implementation Of Occupational Therapy Group Protocols For Individuals In Recovery For Substance Use Disorder: Considering Social Determinants Of Health And Occupational Areas Of Need, Samantha Jane Windisch

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are becoming a more widespread issue globally. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 19.7 million adults in the U.S. suffered from an SUD in 2017. (SAMSHA, 2018). Recurrent alcohol and/or drug use that results in significant disability, including health issues, and/or a failure to prioritize obligations like employment, school, or family life are characteristics of SUD (SAMHSA, 2022). Research suggests that healthcare providers must integrate cutting-edge and successful treatments for this population to lower the risk of overdose and relapse rates, given the swift global spread of addictive disorders. In the past, …

Risk Factors Of Congenital Nomalies Of The Kidney And Urinary Tract (Cakut): Exposureto Mobile Phones During Pregnancy, Kübra Çeleğen, Esra Özgül, Zeynep Yeşi̇ldağ, Erdem Yusuf Çamirci, Mehmet Çeleğen, Ayşegül Bükülmez

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT) are the leading causes of childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). The etiology of most of the cases is thought to be multifactorial. In this study, risk factors for CAKUT and the effect of mobile phone-related electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure during pregnancy were investigated.Materials and methods: Fifty-seven cases and 57 healthy controls under 2 years of age were included and their mothers were subjected to a questionnaire. Groups were compared for parents’ demographics, pregestational (chronic disease, body mass index, use of the folic acid supplements) and antenatal variables (gestational disease, weight gain during …

The Impact Of Permit Concealed Carry And Social Factors On Firearm Fatalities, Witty Kwok, Jacob Weaver

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

A tragic amount of gun fatalities occur in today's world. These fatalities can be from acts of aggression, negligence, or accidental, but nonetheless are taking lives at an alarming rate. There has been a call to action to make changes and begin combating these issues, with the most commonly proposed solution being firearm regulation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of firearm legislation, specifically of concealed carry regulations, on controlling firearm fatalities while also attempting to identify underlying causes or predictors of firearm fatalities. In an attempt to simplify the many regulations implemented differently between states, this study looked …