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Perceptions Of Medical Students By Using Internal Medicine Educational Environment Measure (Imeem) In A Rural Affiliated Teaching Hospital, Sirayut Waramit

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background and Objectives: Students’ perception of the educational setting is an important source for improving and applying changes to the medical educational environment. This study aimed to determine how medical students perceive the important factors of the learning environment in Internal Medicine at a rural affiliated teaching hospital.

Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out in the Department of Medicine, Sakon Nakhon Hospital, Thailand, from May 2021 to April 2023. Sixth-year medical students completed a validated Internal Medicine Education Environment Measure (IMEEM) questionnaire at the end of four weeks of learning the Clerkship Internal Medicine course.

Results: A …

Study Of Efficacy, Safety And Complications Of Covid 19 Vaccine On Adults And Elderly With And Without Chronic Diseases, Nasser Alhamshary, Abdullah Hendawy El Shahat, Mohamed Gharib Mohamed, Abdel Kareem Mohammad Abdel Rahim

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Anti-CoV-2 vaccines were developed in a much shorter time than previous vaccines. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine on adult and elderly with and without chronic diseases and evaluate safety, side effects and complications of COVID19 vaccine on adult and elderly with and without chronic diseases.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study was carried out on 100 subjects received COVID-19 vaccine. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group (1): thirty healthy young persons aging 18-45 years old, who received COVID-19 vaccine (5 subjects received Pfizer vaccine, 9 received AstraZeneca, and 16 received Sinopharm. …

Risk Factors And Outcomes Of Covid 19 In Hemodialysis Patients, Mahmoud M Emara, Mohamed H H Abd El Fattah, Ayman Nour, Heba E Kasm

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the hemodialysis patients and the related risk factors of COVID-19 severity for critical outcomes including intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Background: Chronic kidney disease patients who receive maintenance dialysis are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 Methods: we evaluated the clinical outcomes of 70 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were divided according to the clinical severity of the confirmed COVID-19, into mild to moderate (group I), and sever (group II) including ICU admission, and death during 2020 till 2022 years. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results: The clinical …

Thyroid Diseases As A Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hytham Reda Badr, Mohamed Ahmed Shaban, Esraa Magdy Abo Gazala

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate thyroid disease as a risk of type two diabetes.

Background:

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Thyroid diseases affect the secretion, action, and metabolism of insulin so induce insulin resistance and lead to diabetes.

Methods: This cohort study involved 120 Egyptian patients divided into 49 patients with hypothyroidism, 37 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 34 subjects in the control group and we noticed their effects on insulin metabolism. Glycated hemoglobin A1c; Homeostatatic Model of Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), thyroid antibodies were measured from plasma samples using an enzyme –linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other laboratory …

Coronary Artery Stent Stenosis Assessment In Coronary Ct Angiography, Mohammad Farouk Aggag, Mahmoud El-Shamy, Ahmed Osama Abbas El-Kattan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Coronary artery stenting is the most important minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic coronary artery disease. But because in-stent restenosis occurs at a somewhat high rate, invasive angiography is now commonly utilised to assess stent patency.Objective: The objective of the study is to examine how multidetector CT scans can assist physicians in making decisions regarding the placement of coronary artery stents in patients who have chronic chest pain or who have myocardial ischemia. Method: A total of 40 individuals had multislice CT angiography of the coronary arteries between February 2022 and August 2022 as part of this study. Such patients …

Study Of The Level Of Cystatin C In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Obesity, Mohamed A. Shaaban, Noran T. Aboelkhair, Ola S. Darwish, Moustafa B. Hamed

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives: to investigate the level of cystatin C in T2DM patients with obesity.

Background: the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases many folds in association with obesity. Cystatin C is an early marker for nephropathy and it can predict neuropathy, retinopathy, and arterial sclerosis apart from renal function.

Methods: it is a cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 561 subjects were divided into group A: 130 obese patients with no T2DM, group B: 155 T2DM with obesity, group C: 146 T2DM patients with no obesity attended to Internal Medicine Department in Menoufia University Hospital, and group D:130 healthy …

Plasma Pentraxin 3 As Novel Diagnostic Marker In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, El Sayed Ibrahium El Shayeb, Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed, Janet George Hanna Sedhom, Abd El Naser Abdel Atty Gadallah

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective:To assess the role of plasma pentraxin-3 in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)among Egyptian patients.

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a serious health concern and will amount to significant burden on health care systems.

Methods:a randomised controlled trial was conducted on 90 participants at outpatient clinic and inpatient internal medicine departments, Menoufia University Hospitals. All included participants were dividedinto 70 patients of NAFLD and 20 control healthy persons.blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose,prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time, international normalised ratio, liver enzymes, lipid profile and pentraxin-3 level were investigated.

Results:there were significantly higher …

Prevalence And Predictorsofhcv Relapse Inegyptian Patients After Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs, Abdel Naser Abdel Atty Gad Allah, Abdallah Abdel Aziz Bahnacy, Tary Salman, Ahlam Rabea Mahmoud Kanner, Aliaa Sabry Abdel Wahed

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives: to assess the prevalence and factors that predict HCV relapse after direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs (

Background: Egypt is known to be one of the countries with heavy HCV infections.The introduction of DAAs has represented a paradigm shift inHCV management.

Patients and methods:The current study was retrospective study made on 422 consecutive cases with HCV, who were selected from those attending viral hepatitis C unit at Shebin El-Khom teaching Hospital, Egypt from March 2019 to March 2020. All cases were subjected to thorough history taking, full clinical examination and laboratory tests as Liver function profiles, Renal function tests, …

Growth Differentiation Factor 15: A Possible Link Between Rheumatoid Arthritis And Atherosclerosis, Ahmad El Sabbagh, Emad El Shebiny, Eman Badr, Enas Zahran, Fatemah El Shabacy, Rana Wahb, Sabry Shoeib, Salma Elnoamany, Shimaa Mohamed

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To explore the possible relation between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) level and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Background GDF-15 plays an important role in cell growth and apoptosis regulation. GDF-15 is connected to RA, suggesting that it is a proinflammatory cytokine and etiologic factor for both RA and cardiovascular disease. Patients and methods This was a case–control study conducted on 50 patients with RA who were compared with 25 sex-matched and age-matched control group. GDF-15 levels were measured in blood samples from patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CIMT …

Value Of Platelet Indices In Prediction Of Pulmonary Embolism, Ali M. Kassem, Asmaa Abdel-Baset, Hasnaa A. Abo Elwafa, Yasser M. Kamal

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objectives To assess the platelet (PLT) indices, such as mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW), in pulmonary embolism (PE) prediction. Background PE is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease worldwide. The changes in PLT indices (MPV, PDW, and PCT) are gold standard markers for the pathogenesis in different cardiovascular diseases. Patients and methods A total of 100 patients with venous thromboembolism and 50 controls were recruited. Overall, 46 patients presented with first episode of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) without PE (group I) and 54 patients with PE (group II). Results MPV was significantly higher in …

The Prevalence Of Sicca Symptoms And Secondary Sjogren In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And It’S Association To Disease Activity, Mostafa A. Doma, Amin A. Abdel-Hady, Abdelhafeez M. Moshri, Ghada M. Mousa

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Sjogren disorder (SS) is a persistent foundational immune system sickness of obscure etiology that can happen alone prevalently Sjogren or in relationship with a fundamental connective tissue illness, most regularly rheumatoid joint pain (RA) or lupus erythematosus. Aim: To determine commonness of dryness side effects and optional Sjogren's disorder in patients with rheumatoid joint pain and their relationship with illness movement. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional review was directed on 100 patients with rheumatoid joint pain chose from the people who went to the short term branch of the Division of Restoration and Rheumatology of Al-Azhar College Clinic in …

Clinical Patterns Of Covid19 In Different Types Of Ckd Patients, Mohamed Elshahat Mahmoud Mousa, Ahmed Alaa Eldin Ahmed, Alsayed Mohamed Rashed, Mohammad Abo-Ghabsha

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background - Nephrologists have been at the forefront of clinical care of patients with COVID-19 as kidney-related complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerular disease, and severe electrolyte derangements, are frequently encountered.

Aim - to estimate the effect of Covid-19 viral infection on chronic kidney disease patients and to determine clinical characteristics of disease.

Patients and Methods - A retrospective case study for 50 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease from stage 1 to stage 5 presented with covid 19 infection which confirmed by PCR to El Sheikh Zyed Al Nahyan hospital from 1st of August 2021 to 1st of January …

Hemoglobin Changes As A Marker Of Blood Volume Changes In Hemodialysis Patients, Safwat Farrag Ahmed, Hani Ismail Hamed, Mohamed Elsayed Abu Ghabsha, Mostafa Abd El Hady Ibrahim Gabr

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Hemodialysis patients routinely employ relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring to direct fluid management and enhance cardiovascular stability, Aim: In order to determine how estimates of relative blood volume changes may vary based on the monitoring method, the current study sought to examine changes in hematocrit, haemoglobin, or total blood protein concentration in patients receiving normal maintenance hemodialysis. Subject and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study curried out at Nephrology Departments of Al Hussien University Hospitals and Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital. The study was conducted over a one-year period, from September 2021 till September 2022. Results: globulin level showed …

Studying The Therapeutic Effect Of Umbilical Cord Stem Cell In Pneumonia Caused By Covid-19, Salama M. El- Shennawy, Abdalla Abo Hassen, Talal Ibrahim Hagag, Asherf I Zahra, Reham Salama, Mariam A. Fouad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Context: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with severe respiratory morbidity and mortality , rapidly spread all over the world, caused by an sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) varying from mild symptoms to pulmonary fibrosis( Li Z et al.,2020). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can have a critical role, by promoting the pulmonary parenchyma regeneration and subsequently decreasing the symptoms of COVID-19 and help immune system to act against the virus (WHO, 2020).Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using stem cell in the treatment of COVID-19patients.Setting and design: We performed this case control study during the period from November 2020 …

Prevalence Of Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy (Ioc) In Transfuion-Dependant Anaemic Patients, Ramadan Gamal Riyad Abbas, Youssef Khalil Eissa, Yasser El-Sayed Mohamed, Youssef Abd Allah Nassar

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Introduction: The accumulation of iron in the myocardium causes iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC), which is the primary cause of fatalities in individuals receiving long blood transfusion treatment.

Aim of the work: The study's goal is to determine the prevalence of IOC in patients with blood transfusion-dependent chronic anemia.

Patients& methods The current prospective study included 50 patient with chronic anemia with history of repeated blood transfusion , attending to hematology unit , internal medicine department of faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar university in Cairo, those patients had more than 2 years diagnosis of anemia, repeated blood transfusion in last 2 years …

Sickle Cell Patients With Dengue Infection Waiting For Down: Case Report, Ali Madian

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

We report a case of Dengue infection in a 20- year- old male with sickle cell anemia who presents to the emergency department with fever, retro orbital headache, bone pain, back pain and myalgia. Laboratory tests revealed elevated hematocrit, thrombocytopenia, IgM and IgG antibodies positivity to dengue virus. The patient was treated with intravenous fluid hydration and paracetamol with rapid deterioration and development of acute respiratory distress and hypovolemic shock due to alveolar hemorrhage.

Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 As A Diagnostic Marker Of Lupus Nephritis, Hendawy Abdel-Moety Zedan, Mohmmed Hassan Attia, Ahmed Ali Assem, Saad Gamal Saad Alabgoly

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes known as SLE, is an autoimmune illness can have far-reaching effects on bodily functions. Renal impairment is among SLE's most devastating effects. It affects forty to seventy percent of patients. One of the most important chemokines in attracting monocytes and macrophages to areas of inflammation is monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1). Aim and objectives: to determine if MCP-1 can aid in the early detection of lupus nephritis as well as look at any possible links among MCP-1 levels & disease severity in addition kidney function. Subjects and methods: 60 patients with age ranging between 20-60 years …

Role Of Urinary Podocalyxin In Early Diagnosis Of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Mostafa Abdel Fattah El-Ballat, Mohamed Hasan Attia, Ahmed Ali Ali Assem, Abd Ellatif Ibrahim Abd Ellatif

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Major complications of diabetes include diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). When DN is diagnosed and treated early on, its progression to ESRD can be slowed. It is recommended to start screening for DN at the time of diagnosis because approximately three percent of newly diagnosed cases of T2DM already have overt nephropathy. Aim and objectives: to test podocalyxin in the urine for its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic for early diagnosis of diabetic kidney damage. Subjects and methods: Eighty patients were analyzed in this cross-sectional study that took place over the course of …

Clinical Significance Of Urinary Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer Of Apoptosis In Lupus Nephritis, Elsayed Mohamed Rashed, Hani Ismail Hamed, Abdelsalam Fathy Abdelsalam, Amr Atef Ali Aref

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: TWEAK is a cytokine that is both pleiotropic and multifunctional. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, which regulates the pathways that lead to inflammation. TWEAK is a critical component in the development of lupus nephritis (LN) because it is responsible for the death of renal mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells. This death occurs as a result of several intracellular signal transduction cascades. Aim and Objectives: to better understand how Tweak is related to lupus nephritis, and to look at whether or not Tweak levels may be used as a marker of LN existence …

Cardiac Function During Weaning Failure: The Role Of Systolic & Diastolic Dysfunction, Amr Adel Elfar, Atef Abo-Elfetouh Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohammed Abo-Hassan, Taiseer Ahmed Shawky, Wael Mohammed Atia, Mahmoud Abd-Allatif Hashish

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Patients are at risk for grave outcomes due to weaning failure and early reintubation. The most prevalent reason why an attempt to wean fails is cardiac dysfunction. Aim of study: The key objectives of this prospective research is: To examine the connection between heart function and weaning outcomes at the beginning of the procedure and befor extubation. Patients and Methods: The study included finally 100 subject collected in critical care unit at internal medicine department in Al-Hussein university hospital from July 2019 until July 2021.Echocardiography performed ,systolic & diastolic functions were measured at base line ventilator setting and before …

Study Of Il -17 As An Add-On Biomarker For Evaluation Of Lupus Nephritis Activity, Abdel Wahab Mohammed Lotfy, Ibrahim Mohamed Rageh, Farag Khalil, Mahmoud Mostafa Kamel

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The Th17/IL-17 axis is characterized primarily by its effector and proinflammatory properties. Present serologic and urine indicators are not linked well with nephritic activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite the great efficacy of biomarkers for the diagnosis of SLE. Aim and objectives: we plan to study the role of adding IL-17 to C3 and C4 as a complementary indicator of lupus nephritis(LN) activity. Subjects and methods: This cross sectional observisional research, includes 60 patients selected from attendee of immunology and allergy center, AL-Azhar University. Results: there was a statistically significant variance amongst our research populations regarding contrast amongst …

Correlations Between Intradialytic Hypoxemia And Complications In Patients Undergoing Regular Hemodialysis, Shaimaa Atef Mokhtar, Lamiaa Ismail Ahmed, Sarah Mahmoud El Hadad

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Dialysis is a replacement of renal functioning in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately 10% of chronic regular hemodialysis patients have arterial oxygen saturation less than 90% for more than one-third of their dialysis session, which was associated with increased rates of hospitalization and also mortality.

Aim of the work: This current study is aimed to assess of effect of intradialytic hypoxemia as a complication may occurs during hemodialysis session and its impact on clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with ESRD undergoing regular hemodialysis.

Patients and methods: the current work is a hospital based Cross sectional …

Assessment Of Hypothyroidism Among Adult Patients Suffering From Beta Thalassemia Major, Ahmed Saleh Ibrahim, Azza Hasan Abd El-Fatah, Ayman Fathy Abd El-Halim, Fared Fawzy Mohamed

Mansoura Medical Journal

Background: Although beta thalassemia major (BTM) patients are properly treated with blood transfusions in accompany with iron chelation therapy, they suffer from serious complications such as hypothyroidism. Aim: This work aims to assess hypothyroidism among adult with β-thalassemia major patients and to find out its association with various parameters such as age, body mass index (BMI) ,gender ,hemoglobin(Hb) and serum ferritin levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 adult BTM patients (males 115 and females 85 ; mean age 24.684 ±5.30761 years; ranging from 18 to 43 years old). Statistical data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS software package version 26.0. …

The Role Of Insulin Resistance In The Prediction Of Esophageal Varices In Cirrhotic Non-Diabetic Patients, Abdelhaleim Abdelghany Hasabo, Mahmoud Osama Ahmed Abd El Fatah, Mohamed Basiouny Yahia, Gamal Zakaria Ali Morsy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Esophageal Varices (EV) caused by liver cirrhosis is a very common complication where endoscopy is the best screening procedure. Insulin resistance (IR) is a reliable predictor of portal hypertension. Aim of the work: This study aims to compare and evaluate the role of markers of insulin resistance and other non-invasive markers in detection of EVs in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: fifty patients were screened in this cross-sectional study in the gastroenterology unit of internal medicine department by abdominal ultrasound. ELISA technique was used to estimate fating serum insulin levels. Furthermore, (HOMA-IR) referring to the Homeostasis model …

Role Of Endosialin/Cd248 And Cytoglobin In Liver Fibrosis, Mahmoud Abdallah Mansour, Khaled Abd Elazeme Eid, Ashraf Mohamed Elkabeer, Eglal Mohamed Kenawy, Bakheet Elkot Mostafa Elsadek

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background - Chronic liver diseases are a major global health burden. CYGB, Human IV globin is abundantly expressed in Hepatic Stellate Cell(HSCs) between hepatocytes. CYGB can bind oxygen and nitric oxide and is said to protect HSCs from reactive oxygen species(ROS).

Aim - to estimate role of CD248 and Cygb in process of liver fibrosis.

Patients and Methods - This study was conducted on forty-four Egyptian patients with hepatic stenosis detected by ultrasound, and forty healthy volunteers as control group.

Results - Our results showed statistical significant (p-value < 0.001) increased CD248 in patients group (189.03 ± 66.6) when compared with control group (138.7 ± 36.5), decreased Cygb in patients group (1.62 ± 0.35) when compared with control group (1.93 ± 0.26)

Conclusion - Our study identified Cygb and CD248 …

Impact Of Diabetes Mellitus In Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction In Patients On Regular Hemodialysis, Emad Allam Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed, Mohamed Abo Elnaga Mohamed, Mohamed Amer Farok Amin

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Primary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure has been linked to the existence of diabetes mellitus in some individuals, but not in all. Aim of the work: The study's objective is to assess how Diabetes Mellitus affects individuals receiving regular hemodialysis (HD) who have AVF malfunction. Patient and methods: All of the 90 participants in this research had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and were being treated with regular HD. The subjects were separated into three groups according on age and sex; Group A had Twenty (20) non-diabetic patients enrolled as control group without any diagnosis of liver disease, Group B had …

Comparative Study Between Glycated Hemoglobin And Glycated Albumin In Diabetes In Hemodialysis Patients, Alsayed Mohamed Rashed, Reda Fakhry Mohamed, Mohamed Alsayed Abo Ghabsha, Mohamed Shehata Shaaban Ghoneim

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The importance of accurately measuring glycemic control in the diabetic people cannot be overstated, since better glycemic control decreases micro- and macrovascular problems in individuals with diabetes mellitus getting renal replacement treatment. Aim: This study's objective was to contrast between glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin in diabetes in hemodialysis patients. Subject and Methods: This was Prospective Comparative research caried out on 100 diabetic patients. Two groups were created out of them: Group (I): that had 50 patients’ diabetic on hemodialysis. Group (II): that included 50 patients diabetic not on hemodialysis. From March 2022 to September 2022, this research was …

Impact Of Covid - 19 Pandemic On The Clinical Course Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Egyptian Tertiary Centers, Alaa Alsawak, Omar Abdallah, Ali Madian, Hassan Atalla, Ramadan Eldamarawy, Ahmed Eliwa, Ahmed Khamiss, Ashraf El Sharkawy, Sadek Mostafa, Alshimaa Alaboudy, Maha M. Maher, Ashraf Elbahrawy

Mansoura Medical Journal

Abstract

Background/Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic have a major impact on the clinical course of chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the current study we aimed to evaluate the clinical relapse and worsening of IBD activity during Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: 125 patients included and followed for one year. Of them, 98 and 27 patients had inactive and active IBD before the study, respectively. The clinical activity of IBD assessed by Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and simplified colitis clinical activity index (SCCAI). Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection detected by real-time polymerase chain …

Ascaris Lumbricoides Impact On Hosue Dust Mite Sensitization And Bronchial Asthma Severity, Shady Muhamed Hassan, Gamal Ali Abo Sheishea, Abdel Wahab Mohamed Lotfy, Hafez Ahmed Abd El-Hafez, Khairy Abd El-Hamid Hassan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: It is possible that environmental allergens and intestinal parasites share antigens that can modulate allergic immune responses. Cross-reactivity studies between common parasitic helminths and house dust mites impacting people is gaining popularity, especially in underdeveloped countries.

Aim of the study: The objective of this study is to study the relation between Ascaris lumbricoids infection with or without treatment on mite sensitization as well as the pathogenic relation between Ascaris and bronchial asthma; if any, and consequent clinical implication on asthma severity.

Subjects and methods: This study comprised of 80 atopic asthmatic patients of moderate severity according to the Global …

Evaluation Of Thyroid Hormones Level In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Mustafa Mahmoud Mohamed Alsagheer, Ayman Abdel.Azeez Abdel. Rahman, Mona Mohamed Abdelmeguid, Abdelhamed Abdelrazik Abdelhafez

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background - Chronic-kidney disease is a global issue worldwide. The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, peripheral-circulation, and production of thyroid-hormone release/or excretion are all affected by the etiology of thyroid dysfunction in CKD patients.

Aim - to measure the levels of TSH, T3, T4, in CKD patients.

Patients and Methods - The control group in this study, which included sixty CKD patients from Egypt, consisted of thirty healthy volunteers (subjects without CKD). There were three groups of participants: Group (1) 30 patients with CKD in Group (2) 30 CKD patients on dialysis regularly; Group 3: 30 healthy people without CKD.

Results - There …