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Cross-Sectional Study Of Area-Level Disadvantage And Glycaemic-Related Risk In Community Health Service Users In The Southern.Iml Research (Simlr) Cohort, Roger Cross, Andrew D. Bonney, Darren J. Mayne, Kathryn M. Weston

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in health service users in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of New South Wales, Australia. Methods. HbA1c values recorded between 2010 and 2012 for non-pregnant individuals aged 18 years were extracted from the Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) database. Individuals were assigned quintiles of the Socioeconomic Indices for Australia (SEIFA) Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) according to their Statistical Area 1 of residence. Glycaemic risk categories were defined as HbA1c 5.0-5.99% (lowest risk), 6.0-7.49% (intermediate risk) and 7.5% (highest risk). Logistic regression models were …

A Mediterranean-Style Dietary Intervention Supplemented With Fish Oil Improves Diet Quality And Mental Health In People With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Helfimed), Natalie Parletta, Dorota M. Zarnowiecki, Jihyun Cho, Amy Wilson, Svetlana Bogomolova, Anthony Villani, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Theo Niyonsenga, Sarah Blunden, Barbara J. Meyer, Leonie Segal, Bernhard Baune, Kerin O'Dea

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: We investigated whether a Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) supplemented with fish oil can improve mental health in adults suffering depression. Methods: Adults with self-reported depression were randomized to receive fortnightly food hampers and MedDiet cooking workshops for 3 months and fish oil supplements for 6 months, or attend social groups fortnightly for 3 months. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 6 months included mental health, quality of life (QoL) and dietary questionnaires, and blood samples for erythrocyte fatty acid analysis. Results: n = 152 eligible adults aged 18-65 were recruited (n = 95 completed 3-month and n = 85 completed 6-month …

Plasma Cortisol And Oxytocin Levels Predict Help-Seeking Intentions For Depressive Symptoms, Susan J. Thomas, Theresa A. Larkin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Depressed individuals often refuse or withdraw from help, a phenomenon termed help-negation, which is a risk factor for poor outcomes. Most previous research has investigated psychosocial factors including stigma as causes of low help-seeking intentions for depression, however these do not adequately explain the problem. We hypothesised that because help-negation worsens with symptom severity, it might be linked to important biological changes associated with depression itself. We investigated the relative contributions of cortisol, a stress hormone linked to depression, and oxytocin, a hormone which mediates social behaviours, alongside psychosocial factors, to help-seeking intentions among depressed and non-depressed individuals. Methods: …

Repeated Megafloods From Glacial Lake Vitim, Siberia, To The Arctic Ocean Over The Past 60,000 Years, Martin Margold, John D. Jansen, Alexandru Tiberiu Codilean, Frank Preusser, Artem L. Gurinov, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Cataclysmic outburst floods transformed landscapes and caused abrupt climate change during the last deglaciation. Whether such events have also characterized previous deglaciations is not known. Arctic marine cores hint at megafloods prior to Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 2, but the overprint of successive glaciations means that geomorphological traces of ancient floods remain scarce in Eurasia and North America. Here we present the first well-constrained terrestrial megaflood record to be linked with Arctic archives. Based on cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating applied to glacial-lake sediments, a 300-m deep bedrock spillway, and giant eddy-bars > 200-m high, we reconstruct a …

Biological And Geophysical Feedbacks With Fire In The Earth System, Sally Archibald, Caroline E. R Lehmann, C Belcher, William J. Bond, Ross A. Bradstock, A-L Daniau, K Dexter, E Forrestel, M Greve, T He, S I. Higgins, W Hoffmann, B B. Lamont, D J. Mcglinn, G Moncrieff, C P. Osborne, Juli G. Pausas, Owen F. Price, B Ripley, B Rogers, D Schwilk, M Simon, M Turetsky, G R. Van Der Werf, A E. Zanne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Roughly 3% of the Earth's land surface burns annually, representing a critical exchange of energy and matter between the land and atmosphere via combustion. Fires range from slow smouldering peat fires, to low-intensity surface fires, to intense crown fires, depending on vegetation structure, fuel moisture, prevailing climate, and weather conditions. While the links between biogeochemistry, climate and fire are widely studied within Earth system science, these relationships are also mediated by fuels-namely plants and their litter-that are the product of evolutionary and ecological processes. Fire is a powerful selective force and, over their evolutionary history, plants have evolved traits that …

Discovery Of Ancient Roman "Highway" Reveals Geomorphic Changes In Karst Environments During Historic Times, Federico Bernardini, Giacomo Vinci, Emanuele Forte, Stefano Furlani, Michele Pipan, Sara Biolchi, Angelo De Min, Andrea Fragiacomo, Roberto Micheli, Paola Ventura, Claudio Tuniz

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sinkholes are a well-known geologic hazard but their past occurrence, useful for subsidence risk prediction, is difficult to define, especially for ancient historic times. Consequently, our knowledge about Holocene carbonate landscapes is often limited. A multidisciplinary study of Trieste Karst (Italy), close to early Roman military fortifications, led to the identification of possible ancient road tracks, cut by at least one sinkhole. Electrical Resistivity Tomography through the sinkhole has suggested the presence of a cave below its bottom, possibly responsible of the sinkhole formation, while Ground Penetrating Radar has detected no tectonic disturbances underneath the tracks. Additionally, archaeological surveys led …

Packaging Data Analytical Work Reproducibly Using R (And Friends), Ben Marwick, Carl Boettiger, Lincoln Mullen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Computers are a central tool in the research process, enabling complex and large-scale data analysis. As computer-based research has increased in c omplexity, so have the challenges of ensuring that this research is reproducible. To address this challenge, we review the concept of the research compendium as a solution for providing a standard and easily recognizable way for organizing the digital materials of a research project to enable other researchers to inspect, reproduce, and extend the research. We investigate how the structure and tooling of software packages of the R programming language are being used to produce research compendia in …

Characteristics Of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Derived From Ground-Based Fts Spectra At Anmyeondo, South Korea, Young-Suk Oh, Samuel Takele Kenea, Tae-Young Goo, Kyu-Sun Chung, Jae-Sang Rhee, Mi-Lim Ou, Young-Hwa Byun, Paul O. Wennberg, Matthaus Kiel, Joshua P. Digangi, G S. Diskin, Voltaire A. Velazco, David W. T Griffith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Since the late 1990s, the meteorological observatory established in Anmyeondo (36.5382° N, 126.3311° E, and 30 m above mean sea level) has been monitoring several greenhouse gases such as CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs, and SF₆ as a part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Program. A high resolution ground-based (g-b) Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) was installed at this observation site in 2013 and has been operated within the frame work of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) since August 2014. The solar spectra recorded by the g-b FTS cover the spectral range …

Tracking The 10be-26al Source-Area Signal In Sediment-Routing Systems Of Arid Central Australia, Martin Struck, John D. Jansen, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Alexandru Tiberiu Codilean, David Fink, Reka H. Fulop, Klaus M. Wilcken, David M. Price, Steven Kotevski, L Keith Fifield, John Chappell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sediment-routing systems continuously transfer information and mass from eroding source areas to depositional sinks. Understanding how these systems alter environmental signals is critical when it comes to inferring source-area properties from the sedimentary record. We measure cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al along three large sediment-routing systems ( ∼  100 000 km2) in central Australia with the aim of tracking downstream variations in 10Be-26Al inventories and identifying the factors responsible for these variations. By comparing 56 new cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in stream sediments with matching data (n =  55) from source areas, we show that 10Be-26Al inventories in hillslope bedrock …

Technical Note: Open-Paleo-Data Implementation Pilot - The Pages 2k Special Issue, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nerilie J. Abram, Michael N. Evans, Pierre Francus, Hugues Goosse, Hans W. Linderholm, Marie-France Loutre, Belen Martrat, Helen V. Mcgregor, Raphael Neukom, Scott St George, Christian Turney, Lucien Von Gunten

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Data stewardship is an essential element of the publication process. Knowing how to enact data polices that are described only in general terms can be difficult, however. Examples are needed to model the implementation of open-data polices in actual studies. Here we explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo …

The Effectiveness Of Support Groups: A Literature Review, Hugh Worrall, Richard Schweizer, Ellen Marks, Lin Yuan, Chris Lloyd, Rob Ramjan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose: Support groups are a common feature of the mental health support engaged by carers and consumers. The purpose of this paper is to update and consolidate the knowledge and the evidence for the effectiveness of mental health support groups.

Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on a systematic literature review of relevant databases around support groups for mental health. Support groups are defined as meetings of people with similar experiences, such as those defined as carers of a person living with a mental illness or a person living with a mental illness. These meetings aim to provide support and …

Standardised Alcohol Screening In Primary Health Care Services Targeting Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples In Australia, M Islam, Helen Oni, K Lee, Noel Hayman, Scott Wilson, Kristie Harrison, Beth Hummerston, Rowena G. Ivers, Kate M. Conigrave

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction and aims: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) around Australia have been asked to standardise screening for unhealthy drinking. Accordingly, screening with the 3-item AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identifcation Test-Consumption) tool has become a national key performance indicator. Here we provide an overview of suitability of AUDIT-C and other brief alcohol screening tools for use in ACCHSs. Methods: All peer-reviewed literature providing original data on validity, acceptability or feasibility of alcohol screening tools among Indigenous Australians was reviewed. Narrative synthesis was used to identify themes and integrate results. Results: Three screening tools-full AUDIT, AUDIT-3 (third …

Short-Term Response Of A Declining Woodland Bird Assemblage To The Removal Of A Despotic Competitor, Galen Davitt, Kimberly L. Maute, Richard E. Major, Paul Mcdonald, Martine Maron

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Interspecific aggression by the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), a highly despotic species, is homogenizing woodland avifaunas across eastern Australia. Although a native species, the noisy miner's aggressive exclusion of small birds is a Key Threatening Process under national law. Large-scale removal of noisy miners has been proposed as a management response to this threat following increases in miner presence due to anthropogenic land use practices. We tested this proposal by experimentally removing noisy miners from eucalypt woodland remnants (16-49 ha), assigned randomly as control (n = 12) or treatment (miner removal) sites (n = 12). Standardized bird surveys were conducted …

An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Australian Grey Nomads Travelling With Chronic Conditions, Kaara Ray Calma, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Moira Stephens

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Internationally, the population is ageing and people are living well, longer. In Australia, extended travelling has gained popularity among older Grey Nomads due to time and opportunity post retirement. However, there is limited research available focusing on older Australians' health while travelling. This paper reports the qualitative phase of a larger mixed-method project that explores the experience of Australian Grey Nomads travelling with chronic conditions. Eight Grey Nomads participated in telephone interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Two themes emerged, namely: continuity of care while travelling and experts on the road. Participants described encountering a fragmented health system, …

Association Between Maternal Sense Of Competence And Self-Efficacy In Primiparous Women During Postpartum Period, Marzieh Bagherinia, Shahla Meedya, Mojgan Mirghafourvand

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: When women's' lives enter a new phase after childbirth, they need to adapt to it in order to accept their motherhood role. Maternal competency depends on the mother's perception of her maternal role and the ability to attain and fulfill it. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal sense of competence and self-efficacy in the postpartum period.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 305 Iranian women were selected randomly via a two-stage cluster sampling method at the end of the 4th postpartum month. Data were collected from August 2016 to January 2017 and …

Extra Uterine Development Of Preterm Kidneys, Yogavijayan Kandasamy, Donna Rudd, Roger Smith, Eugenie R. Lumbers, Ian M. R Wright

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: We carried out a study to determine the impact of prematurity on renal development. The primary outcomes measured were nephrinuria and albuminuria; renal volume and glomerular filtration rate were the secondary outcomes. Methods: Preterm neonates born at less than 28 weeks of gestation, with birth weight between 10th and 90th centile (appropriate for gestational age), were recruited and underwent assessments at 28, 32 and 37 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Results: Fifty-three premature neonates and 31 term neonates (control) were recruited. The median gestational age of the premature neonates was 26.4 [24.7-27.4] weeks, with a mean birth weight of 886 …

Extending Fluspect To Simulate Xanthophyll Driven Leaf Reflectance Dynamics, Nastassia Vilfan, Christiaan Van Der Tol, Peiqi Yang, Rhys Wyber, Zbynek Malenovky, Sharon A. Robinson, Wouter Verhoef

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The xanthophyll cycle regulates the energy flow to photosynthetic reaction centres of plant leaves. Changes in the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments can be observed as changes in the leaf absorption of light with wavelengths between 500 to 570 nm. These spectral changes can be a good remote sensing indicator of the photosynthetic efficiency, and are traditionally quantified with a two-band physiologically based optical index, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI). In this paper, we present an extension of the plant leaf radiative transfer model Fluspect (Fluspect-CX) that reproduces the spectral changes in a wide band of green reflectance: …

Are Underground Coal Miners Satisfied With Their Work Boots?, Jessica Dobson, Diane L. Riddiford-Harland, Alison F. Bell, Julie R. Steele

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dissatisfaction with work boot design is common in the mining industry. Many underground coal miners believe their work boots contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries they experience. Despite this, the most recent research to examine underground coal mining work boot satisfaction was conducted over a decade ago. This present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by assessing current mining work boot satisfaction in relation to the work-related requirements for underground coal mining. 358 underground coal miners (355 men; mean age = 39.1 ± 10.7 years) completed a 54-question survey regarding their job details, work …

Experiences Of Registered Nurses Transitioning From Employment In Acute Care To Primary Health Care - Quantitative Findings From A Mixed-Methods Study, Christine Ashley, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Angela M. Brown, Kathleen Peters

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims and objectives: To describe the experiences of registered nurses who transition from acute to primary health care (PHC) employment.

Background: Internationally the provision of health care in PHC settings is increasing. Nurses are moving from acute care employment to meet the growing demand for a PHC workforce. However, little is known about the transition experiences of these nurses.

Design: A sequential mixed-methods study comprising a survey, and semi-structured interviews. This study reports on survey findings relating to the transition experience.

Methods: Convenience and snowballing techniques were used to recruit 111 registered nurses who had transitioned …

Coarse-Sand Beach Ridges At Cowley Beach, North-Eastern Australia: Their Formative Processes And Potential As Records Of Tropical Cyclone History, Toru Dr Toru Tamura, William A. Nicholas, Thomas S. Oliver, Brendan P. Brooke

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Storm surges generated by tropical cyclones have been considered a primary process for building coarse-sand beach ridges along the north-eastern Queensland coast, Australia. This interpretation has led to the development of palaeotempestology based on the beach ridges. To better identify the sedimentary processes responsible for these ridges, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic analysis of a series of ridges was carried out at Cowley Beach, Queensland, a meso-tidal beach system with a > 3 m tide range. Optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate that 10 ridges accreted seaward over the last 2500 to 2700 years. The ridge crests sit +3·5 to 5·1 m above Australian …

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity Of Chemical Constituents Isolated From Miliusa Thorelii, Thanika Promchai, Tongchai Saesong, Kornkanok Ingkaninan, Surat Laphookhieo, Stephen G. Pyne, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Two new dihydrooxoprotoberberine alkaloids; miliusathorines A (1) and B (2), a new natural flavone, miliusathorone (3), together with twenty-two known compounds (4-25) were isolated from the combined stem and root extract and the leaf extract of Miliusa thorelii. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. All compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase activities. Miliusathorine A (1) and norushisunine had the best AChE inhibitory activities, however these were weak inhibitors when compared to the standard galantamine.

Measuring The Outcomes Of Nursing Practice: A Delphi Study, Jenny Sim, Patrick A. Crookes, Kenneth D. Walsh, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims and objective: To develop nursing-sensitive patient indicators to measure the outcomes of nursing practice.

Background: Nurses play an important role in the healthcare system, yet there is no consensus on how the impact of nursing work should be evaluated. Limited research has previously examined the views of clinical nurses on the important concepts for measuring nursing practice.

Design: A four-round modified Delphi survey sought opinions from patients and nurses about the relevant concepts and their relative priority as indicators of quality nursing practice.

Method: Round 1 comprised semi-structured interviews with patients and nurses to identify …

Dynamic Topography Of Passive Continental Margins And Their Hinterlands Since The Cretaceous, R. Dietmar Muller, Rakib Hassan, Michael Gurnis, Nicolas Flament, Simon E. Williams

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Even though it is well accepted that the Earth's surface topography has been affected by mantle-convection induced dynamic topography, its magnitude and time-dependence remain controversial. The dynamic influence to topographic change along continental margins is particularly difficult to unravel, because their stratigraphic record is dominated by tectonic subsidence caused by rifting. We follow a three-fold approach to estimate dynamic topographic change along passive margins based on a set of seven global mantle convection models. We first demonstrate that a geodynamic forward model that includes adiabatic and viscous heating in addition to internal heating from radiogenic sources, and a mantle viscosity …

Resolution And Identification Of Scalemic Caged Xanthones From The Leaf Extract Of Garcinia Propinqua Having Potent Cytotoxicities Against Colon Cancer Cells, Teerayut Sriyatep, Cholpisut Tantapakul, Raymond J. Andersen, Brian O. Patrick, Stephen G. Pyne, Chatchai Muanprasat, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Surat Laphookhieo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A new scalemic 8,8a-dihydro caged xanthone (1) was isolated from the leaf extract of Garcinia propinqua. Five other known natural products, the three caged xanthones (2, 5 and 6) and the two neocaged xanthones, (3 and 4) were also isolated as scalemic mixtures. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The enantiomeric ratios (er) of compounds 1-6 ranged from 1:0.7 to 1:0.9. These compounds were also resolved by semipreparative chiral HPLC. The absolute configurations of (+)-2 and (+)-3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation while the absolute configurations of the other compounds were determined by …

Migratory Animals Feel The Cost Of Getting Sick: A Meta-Analysis Across Species, Alice Risely, Marcel Klaassen, Bethany J. Hoye

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Migratory animals are widely assumed to play an important role in the long-distance dispersal of parasites, and are frequently implicated in the global spread of zoonotic pathogens such as avian influenzas in birds and Ebola viruses in bats. However, infection imposes physiological and behavioural constraints on hosts that may act to curtail parasite dispersal via changes to migratory timing ("migratory separation") and survival ("migratory culling"). There remains little consensus regarding the frequency and extent to which migratory separation and migratory culling may operate, despite a growing recognition of the importance of these mechanisms in regulating transmission dynamics in migratory animals. …

Active Migration Is Associated With Specific And Consistent Changes To Gut Microbiota In Calidris Shorebirds, Alice Risely, David Waite, Beata Ujvari, Bethany J. Hoye, Marcel Klaassen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Gut microbes are increasingly recognised for their role in regulating an animal's metabolism and immunity. However, identifying repeatable associations between host physiological processes and their gut microbiota has proved challenging, in part because microbial communities often respond stochastically to host physiological stress (e.g. fasting, forced exercise or infection). Migratory birds provide a valuable system in which to test host-microbe interactions under physiological extremes because these hosts are adapted to predictable metabolic and immunological challenges as they undergo seasonal migrations, including temporary gut atrophy during long-distance flights. These physiological challenges may either temporarily disrupt gut microbial ecosystems, or, alternatively, promote predictable …

Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activity On Soil Landscapes Over The Past 12,300 Years, Leo Rothacker, Anthony Dosseto, Alexander Francke, Allan Chivas, Nathalie Vigier, Anna M. Kotarba-Morley, Davide Menozzi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Soils are key to ecosystems and human societies, and their critical importance requires a better understanding of how they evolve through time. However, identifying the role of natural climate change versus human activity (e.g. agriculture) on soil evolution is difficult. Here we show that for most of the past 12,300 years soil erosion and development were impacted differently by natural climate variability, as recorded by sediments deposited in Lake Dojran (Macedonia/Greece): short-lived ( < 1,000 years) climatic shifts had no effect on soil development but impacted soil erosion. This decoupling disappeared between 3,500 and 3,100 years ago, when the sedimentary record suggests an unprecedented erosion event associated with the development of agriculture in the region. Our results show unambiguously how differently soils evolved under natural climate variability (between 12,300 and 3,500 years ago) and later in response to intensifying human impact. The transition from natural to anthropogenic landscape started just before, or at, the onset of the Greek 'Dark Ages' (~3,200 cal yr BP). This could represent the earliest recorded sign of a negative feedback between civilization and environmental impact, where the development of agriculture impacted soil resources, which in turn resulted in a slowdown of civilization expansion.

Why We Shouldn't Be Too Quick To Blame Migratory Animals For Global Disease, Alice Risely, Bethany J. Hoye, Marcel Klaassen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Have you ever got on a flight and the person next to you started sneezing? With 37 million scheduled flights transporting people around the world each year, you might think that the viruses and other germs carried by travellers would be getting a free ride to new pastures, infecting people as they go. Yet pathogenic microbes are surprisingly bad at expanding their range by hitching rides on planes. Microbes find it difficult to thrive when taken out of their ecological comfort zone; Bali might just be a tad too hot for a Tasmanian parasite to handle.

Self-Evacuation Archetypes In Australian Bushfire, Ken Strahan, Joshua Whittaker, John Handmer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Australian householders respond to bushfire in diverse and complex ways according to their circumstances and characteristics. They tend not to simply make a binary decision to evacuate from or remain at their property, or simply to 'wait and see' what happens before they decide. Seven self-evacuation archetypes displaying universally recognisable, fundamentally human characteristics were identified through cluster and discriminant function analysis of data from 457 householders who had recently experienced a bushfire. These seven archetypes characterise the diverse attitudes and behaviour of typical groupings of householders faced with making a protective decision during a bushfire. The archetypes comprise those who …

What Is All This Fuss About Tus? Comparison Of Recent Findings From Biophysical And Biochemical Experiments, Bojk A. Berghuis, Vlad Raducanu, Mohamed M. Elshenawy, Slobodan Jergic, Martin Depken, Nicholas E. Dixon, Samir M. Hamdan, Nynke H. Dekker

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Synchronizing the convergence of the two-oppositely moving DNA replication machineries at specific termination sites is a tightly coordinated process in bacteria. In Escherichia coli, a "replication fork trap"-found within a chromosomal region where forks are allowed to enter but not leave-is set by the protein-DNA roadblock Tus-Ter. The exact sequence of events by which Tus-Ter blocks replisomes approaching from one direction but not the other has been the subject of controversy for many decades. Specific protein-protein interactions between the nonpermissive face of Tus and the approaching helicase were challenged by biochemical and structural studies. These studies …