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A Silent Injustice: Air Pollution As A Contributing Factor Of Covid-19 Health Disparities, Spencer Johnson

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a disproportionate impact on Black communities throughout the United States. This paper suggests that air pollution may be a factor for why Black individuals experience markedly poorer health outcomes after contracting COVID-19. It establishes that not only are Black Americans exposed to disproportionate amounts of air pollution, but also that many air pollution-related ailments are the exact ones that have been clinically proven to make COVID-19 more fatal. AV Whe UniWed SWaWeV diVcXVVeV ZhaW a ³neZ noUmal´ entails for healthcare practice and public health policy, this paper makes the case for why …

Co-Distribution Of Ambient Light At Night And Incidence Of Human Cancers And Covid-19, Yidan Meng

Public Health Theses

Introduction and BackgroundThere are increasing concerns about the effects of artificial lights on human health, including hormone-related disease and immune functions. In January 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 disrupted everyone’s life, and people who infected have various severity. Thus, we want to analyze whether people exposed to different ambient light at night (LAN) levels make them more susceptible to COVID-19 for our summer research. Besides the effects of LAN on immune functions, we also discussed the association of LAN and multiple cancers in seven states of Northeastern U.S. We used similar statistical and geographic analysis methods and separate them into …

Caesarean Delivery Among Women Of Color Is Associated With Risk Of Early Childhood Developmental Delays In Brazil, Haley Case

Public Health Theses

Background. Poverty, racism, and other sources of oppression threaten children’s nurturing environments and associated early childhood development (ECD). Women of Color and their children are disproportionately exposed to risk factors for poor ECD in Brazil. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the claim that unnecessary cesarean section (CS) is associated with poor maternal health outcomes and ECD delays. There is an existing gap in the literature on risk factors, including obstetric factors, of poor ECD among children of Women of Color in Brazil.

Objective. The objective of this thesis was to investigate factors, including obstetric characteristics of CS …

Association Between Opening A Jail And Sexually Transmitted Infections In Rural Counties Across The United States, Tyler Harvey

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Objective

To estimate the effect of openings jail in rural counties on county-level chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis prevalence rates.

Methods

We used county-level data from the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (2005-2017) to obtain chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis rates, and the American Correctional Association’s National Jail and Adult Detention Directory (2013-2014) to locate rural jail openings. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we estimated the effect of opening jails in 41 rural counties between 2010 and 2012 across the United States on sexually-transmitted infections.

Results

We found an average treatment effect for chlamydia prevalence …

Multi-State Analysis Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development And Rates Of Sexually Transmitted Infections In The United States, Nicholaus Peter Johnson

Public Health Theses

Background

Advances in unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, have helped position the United States as a world leader in the production of both crude oil and natural gas hydrocarbons. This significant increase in production would not have been possible, however, without the assemblage of a workforce that is predominantly young, male, and mobile. This is significant given that a number of studies have associated similar types of mobile workforces – especially those employed by resource extractive industries – with impacts on the sexual health of the host communities in which these workers operate …

School-Related Exposure To Nitrogen Dioxide And Asthma Severity In Children Enrolled In The Study Of Traffic, Air Quality And Respiratory Health (Star), Rashele P. Yarborough

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing and cough. It is one of the most common chronic diseases in children in developed countries, and the prevalence of pediatric asthma has been increasing in recent decades. Both indoor and outdoor air pollution have been identified as risk factors for asthma incidence, prevalence and severity. One of the major gaseous air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is generally related to combustion processes and research has been done to assess its role in asthma outcomes. Unfortunately, studies investigating the relationships between NO2, asthma and respiratory …