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Enhancing Patient’S Perceptions Of Cesarean Indications Through Teach-Back Methods, Naveena R. Daram, Malika L. Day, Rose A. Maxwell, Keith Reisinger-Kindle

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Introduction

Cesarean section (C-section) deliveries are on the rise, with an increase from 23.5% in the 1990s to 32.2% in 2022. Research has shown that poor communication by health care providers can lead to negative outcomes. Patients’ understanding of their C-section indications has significant implications for their future obstetric health. Therefore, interventions are needed to ensure optimal communication between providers and patients to improve outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Sixty-eight participants were enrolled and randomized into traditional counseling or teach-back intervention groups. Phone interviews were used to capture data at 2 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Chi square and Fisher’s Exact …

Weight Health In The Modern Lens: Investigating The Intersectionality Of Obesity, William Bohne, Anthony Onochie

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between these social determinants of health and obesity to provide a better understanding of geographical differences in obesity rates. Methods All data was collected using countyhealthrankings.org. The variables that were studied included access to exercise, food insecurity, and life expectancy due to previous literature demonstrating probable association between these variables and the prevalence of obesity. Results Statistically significant increase in number of adults with obesity from 2016 to 2022 (32% to 37%). Statistically significant weak, negative correlation between access to exercise and obesity (r=-.306). Statistically significant weak, negative correlation …

The Impact Of Mental Healthcare Access On Community Safety, David Buchinsky, Caroline Watts

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Mental health illness is a pressing American public health concern. Approximately one in five Americans is diagnosed with a mental health condition.1 While cost, location, and physician shortage play a role in one’s access to mental healthcare, research is still determining the effects of mental healthcare access on community safety. Using County Health Rankings (CHR), we analyze the changes in mental health providers between 2016 and 2022 in Alabama and Massachusetts, two states with differing rankings in access to mental healthcare and firearm legislation. We then investigate how access to mental health providers affects community safety (firearm fatalities, suicide rates, …

Obstetrics Emergency Labor And Delivery Case Simulations With Normal Vaginal Delivery Demonstration: A Hands-On Simulation For Clerkship Students, Emily A. Young, William A. Winter, Robyn N. D'Agostino, Rose A. Maxwell, Sheela Barhan, Marilyn Kindig

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Introduction: Simulation is rarely used for medical student education in the field of obstetrics. This method is an effective model of learning for topics that are encountered in clinical situations and for topics that pose significant risk to patients when an untrained individual is involved. Methods: A 2-hour obstetric delivery simulation session was developed and incorporated into the third-year obstetrics and gynecology clerkship rotation at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine. Medical students completed self-guided content reviews with resources provided prior to the session. During the session, each medical student conducted a normal vaginal delivery and one of the …

The Impact Of Permit Concealed Carry And Social Factors On Firearm Fatalities, Witty Kwok, Jacob Weaver

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

A tragic amount of gun fatalities occur in today's world. These fatalities can be from acts of aggression, negligence, or accidental, but nonetheless are taking lives at an alarming rate. There has been a call to action to make changes and begin combating these issues, with the most commonly proposed solution being firearm regulation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of firearm legislation, specifically of concealed carry regulations, on controlling firearm fatalities while also attempting to identify underlying causes or predictors of firearm fatalities. In an attempt to simplify the many regulations implemented differently between states, this study looked …

‘Things That You Can’T Really Suppress’: Adverse Childhood Experiences In The Narratives Of People With Opioid Use Disorder, Sydney Silverstein, Josef Rivera, Danielle Gainer, Raminta Daniulaityte

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

While numerous studies have established relationships between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and adult substance use, few qualitative studies have explored the differing ways in which experiences of childhood adversity are emplotted into narratives of drug use and recovery. This paper analyzes qualitative data collected as part of a mixed-methods longitudinal study of people with opioid use disorder. Narratives of adverse childhood experiences emerged unprompted. After coding qualitative data for mention of ACEs, we thematically analyzed coded data using a framework of critical phenomenology and constructed a four-part typology to differentiate the ways that ACEs were emplotted into narratives. Our …

The Persistence Of Blue Ash In The Aftermath Of Emerald Ash Borer May Be Due To Adult Oviposition Preferences And Reduced Larval Performance, Don Cipollini, Emily Morton

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

1. We examined the health of mature blue ash, Fraxinus quadrangulata, in two forests in southwestern Ohio in relation to that of mature white ash, F. americana, and examined the potential importance of oviposition preferences and larval resistance in the persistence of blue ash.
2. Both blue ash and white ash were largely unaffected by emerald ash borer in 2012. By 2018, nearly 90% of the blue ash trees observed in these forests had full or nearly full canopies, as opposed to less than 20% of the white ash encountered in our studies. In 2021, blue ash maintained a …

Incidental Recognition Of Umbilical-Portal-Systemic Venous Shunt Diagnosed During Bpp For Decreased Fetal Movement, Kathleen Lundeberg, Adam Hiett

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background: The prevalence of prenatally diagnosed umbilical-portal systemic venous shunts (UPSVS) is reportedly rare, ranging from 0.003-0.209% [1]. Disruption in the normal development of the fetal venous system can be caused by primary failure of a system or by secondary occlusion of an already transformed system [2]. While UPSVS’s are rare, the downstream effects are potentially fatal, including intrauterine growth restriction, high output cardiac failure, associated neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus necessitate early detection with appropriate monitoring.

Introduction: The patient was a 21-year-old G2P1001 who presented to the Maternal Fetal Medicine Ultrasound Genetics (MFMUG) clinic at 36w2d for a …

Integrating An Evidence Based Medicine Module Presentation Into The Ob-Gyn Clerkship, Judith Mathess, Betsy Gauthier, Zenab Saeed, Ngozi Anachebe, Rose A. Maxwell, Jason C. Massengill, Marilyn Kindig

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Introduction: During the preclinical curriculum, students are introduced to EBM principles, however structured application to clinical medicine varies throughout clinical experiences. Application of EBM in a clinical educational environment affords students opportunities to practice required skills.

Methods: Students selected a patient case and formulated a question related to diagnosis ortreatment using the PICO framework. Students selected research publications related to the patient case, critically appraised their validity and generalization, and developed a comprehensive presentation involving a case summary and related EBM topics, which were evaluated by a faculty member using a rubric developed for the project. To assess the effectiveness …

Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity Of Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents In Mouse Cortical Cultures Requires Neuronal Rab3a, Andrew G. Koesters, Mark M. Rich, Kathrin L. Engisch

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Following prolonged activity blockade, amplitudes of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) increase, a form of homeostatic plasticity termed “synaptic scaling.” We previously showed that a presynaptic protein, the small GTPase Rab3A, is required for full expression of the increase in miniature endplate current amplitudes following prolonged blockade of action potential activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo (Wang et al., 2011), but it is unknown whether this form of Rab3A-dependent homeostatic plasticity shares any characteristics with central synapses. We show here that synaptic scaling of mEPSCs is impaired in mouse cortical neuron cultures prepared from Rab3A-/- and Rab3A Earlybird …

Case Study: The Elusive Vaginal Leiomyoma, Fiona Hodges, Roziya Tursunova, Kelly Nagy, Halei Wong, Wright State University Boonshoft Som Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

This poster was presented at the September 2023 Armed Forces District Meeting.

Radiographic Measurements Correlate To Isolated Posterolateral Corner (Plc) Injury In A Novel Cadaveric Model, Joseph D. Henningsen, Scott Huff, Andrew Reichard, Andrew W. Froehle, Anil Krishnamurthy

Kinesiology and Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Injury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee often requires surgical reconstruction. There remains no consensus on treatment for PLC injury, and, therefore, it is imperative to have a reproducible injury model to improve the general knowledge of PLC injuries. A novel cadaveric model of isolated PLC injury is proposed and evaluated using radiographic parameters as well as gross dissection.

Material and methods: All protocols were reviewed by the Human Investigation and Research Committee of the home institution and were approved. Translational force in a defined posterior and lateral direction was applied to cadaveric native knees to induce …

Novel Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathway Reduces Length Of Stay And Postoperative Opioid Usage In Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion, Kristen Spisak, Matthew Thomas, Zachary J. Sirois, Alvin Jones, Lucinda M. Brown, Andrew W. Froehle, Michael Albert

Kinesiology and Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare our institution’s recently implemented enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to previous post-operative management for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion, specifically assessing length of stay, opioid consumption, and pain scores.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis that compares the length of stay, opioid consumption, and pain scores of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Patients were analyzed prior to the implementation of our ERAS protocol, deemed the traditional pain pathway (TPP), to those who underwent the ERAS pathway. All patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for …

A Cohort Study Assessing The Impact Of Anki As A Spaced Repetition Tool On Academic Performance In Medical School, Michael M. Gilbert, Timothy C. Frommeyer, Garrett V. Brittain, Nickolas A. Stewart, Todd M. Turner, Adrienne Stolfi, Dean Parmelee

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction

Anki is an application that capitalizes upon the techniques of spaced repetition and is increasingly utilized by medical students for examination preparation. This study examines the impact of Anki usage in a medical school curriculum on academic performance. Secondary objectives analyzed individual Anki utilization and a qualitative assessment of Anki use.

Methods

A cohort-control study was conducted at Boonshoft School of Medicine. One hundred thirty first-year medical students were enrolled in an Anki utilization training program from July 2021 to September 2021. Training included educational Anki courses and subsequent survey data collection over Anki usage. Data variables included all …

Gabaergic Synaptic Scaling Is Triggered By Changes In Spiking Activity Rather Than Transmitter Receptor Activation, Carlos Gonzalez-Islas, Zahraa Sabra, Ming-Fai Fong, Pernille Bülow, Nicholas Au Yong, Kathrin Engisch, Peter Wenner

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Homeostatic plasticity represents a set of mechanisms that are thought to recover some aspect of neural function. One such mechanism called AMPAergic scaling was thought to be a likely candidate to homeostatically control spiking activity. However, recent findings have forced us to reconsider this idea as several studies suggest AMPAergic scaling is not directly triggered by changes in spiking. Moreover, studies examining homeostatic perturbations in vivo have suggested that GABAergic synapses may be more critical in terms of spiking homeostasis. Here we show results that GABAergic scaling can act to homeostatically control spiking levels. We find that increased or decreased …

2023 Isap Practitioners' Panel, 2023 International Symposim On Aviation Psychology

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The ISAP Practitioners’ Panel is a key feature of the Symposium. These panelists represent broad and important aspects of how Aviation Psychology contributes to flight safety and the advancement of aviation. The Panel moderator is Dr. Sherry Chappell.

Get The Job Done Or Safety Above All? How Training Background Affects Safety In Helicopter Pilots, Anna Kaminska, Amy Irwin, Devin Ray, Rhona Flin

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Culture has been identified as one of the main input factors impacting flight safety and team performance. Diverse methodologies were used to examine how professional culture influences helicopter pilots’ safety-related behaviours. Study 1 (mixed-methods survey) showed that the main difference between civilian- and military-trained pilots can be put down to ‘safety vs. efficiency’, with pilots mentioning that what is perceived to be a threat seems to differ between military-and civilian-trained helicopter pilots. Additionally, having a multi-professional crew (military- and civilian-trained pilots together in a cockpit) was seen as having a positive effect on all non-technical skills, especially on situation awareness. …

A Natural Language Processing Model For Analyzing Aviation Safety Event Reports: A Subset Of Results, R. Jordan Hinson, Edward Bynum, Amelia Kinsella, Katherine Berry, Michael Sawyer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Many civil aviation authorities, operators, and manufacturers utilize voluntary safety reporting programs (VSRPs) to understand risk within their operations. Insights from these first-hand accounts can lead to significant safety and efficiency improvements. Subject matter experts often read and analyze these reports by labeling factors of interest to derive safety insights. The resources required for this analysis can limit the insights an organization can obtain from their VSRP data. A novel machine learning model was developed and trained on over 50,000 rows of manually labeled aviation VSRP data. This model uses machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to automate the …

Research And Technology Challenges For Human Data Analysts In Future Safety Management Systems, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Kyle K. Ellis, Michael J. Vincent, Samantha I. Infeld, Nikunj C. Oza, Misty D. Davies, Robert W. Mah, Paul A. Krois, Janes Ackerson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Enabling new and novel concepts of operations for Advanced Air Mobility poses an important need to evolve current safety management systems (SMS) and is posited to be realized through advances in Machine Learning (ML) Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence. The “In-time Aviation Safety Management System” (IASMS) concept of operations supports the need to evolve today’s SMS to become more tailorable, scalable, and interoperable in response to forecasted changes expected for the future airspace system. Key to IASMS is integration of proactive and predictive ML algorithms trained to provide “in time” detection and mitigation of hazards and emergent risks through new …

The Viability Of See-And-Avoid For Urban Air Mobility Operations, Richard Mogford, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an emerging aviation concept that could supplement today’s ground and air transportation systems. For UAM, it is generally assumed that the private sector will manage separation and not rely on the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control system. To date, discussions of initial operations focus on using the visual abilities of the pilot to see-and-avoid (SAA) other aircraft. Decades of research on SAA has demonstrated that it is inadequate for reliable detection of aircraft that might pose a collision risk. The literature on multi-object tracking is also reviewed for findings on how well humans …

International Students Sense Of Belongingness And Motivation On Academic And Flight Performance, Sophie M. A. Chanoux, Andrew R. Dattel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Motivation, confidence, and internal achievement factors such as locus of control (LOC) and self-efficacy are important in successful learning. A feeling of belongingness might affect students’ confidence, therefore affecting flight training performance. This study explored the relationship between self-reports of social activities and confidence with academic performance and flight performance. Nineteen international students (13m, 6f) with a mean age of 21.42 (SD = 2.29), currently enrolled in a flight training program at a university answered a survey. Significant correlations were found between LOC and confidence in the English language; self-efficacy and number of failures at the end of the Private …

Psychophysiological Research Methods To Assess Airline Flight Crew Resilient Performance In High-Fidelity Flight Simulation Scenarios, Chad L. Stephens, Tyler D. Fettrow, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Jon B. Holbrook, Kathryn M. Ballard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

New concepts in aviation system safety thinking have emerged to consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things go right. This approach forms a more comprehensive approach to system safety thinking. A need exists for methods to enable a better understanding of human contributions to aviation safety and how they may inform Safety Management Systems (SMS). A high-fidelity 737-800 simulation study was conducted to study how current type-rated commercial airline flight crews anticipate, monitor, respond to, and learn from expected and unexpected disturbances during line operations. A number of dependent measures were collected …

Comparison Of Delegation Methods For Task-Based Uav Guidance, Marius Dudek, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

In this contribution we compare UAV delegation methods from a fighter-jet cockpit. Recent research approaches to UAV mission management have mainly been using touchscreen interactions and little research has systematically analyzed different input methods to delegate tasks. In this article, we present three UAV delegation methods that use touchscreen interactions, voice control, and a combination of eye-tracking and HOTAS buttons. The presented methods were integrated in a fighter-jet simulator and evaluated with ten participants. The performance of participants varied for different combinations of delegation method and task load. Touchscreen interaction was fastest on average, followed by voice interaction. The number …

A Competency Framework For Aviation Psychologists And Human Factors Specialists In Aviation, Sonja Biede, Federic Detaille, Optihum, Tina Narotra, Katarina Petrovic, Hermann Rathje, Alessandra Rea, Michaela Schwarz, Anna Vereker

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The new Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1042 on technical requirements and administrative procedures includes psychological assessment of flight crew which refers to accredited Aviation Psychologists (AVPSY). However, the associated acceptable meansof compliance and guidance material does not provide a specific definition or requirements of such psychologists. Likewise, the term Aviation Human Factors Specialist (AVHFS) has not yet been legally recognised in Europe. AVHFS lacks a European definition and no pan-European competency-based endorsement exists. This paper reports the development of a competency framework by members of the European Association for Aviation Psychology (EAAP) and intendeduse in accreditation for AVPSY and AVHFS. It …

A Non-Technical Skills Training Concept From The Initial Flight Training Stage To Airline Operation, Hiroshi Ikeba, Hiroka Tsuda, Kohei Funabiki

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This study proposed a framework of Non-Techical Skills (NTS) that integrates existing NTS frameworks, such as CRM(Crew Resource Management), SRM(Single-pilot Resource Management), and TEM(Threat and Error Management). First, CRM and SRM were compared, and most of the elements of CRM and SRM were found to be commonly useful in multi-crew and single-pilot operations. Second, Risk Management in SRM was compared with TEM, and these were integrated into a single framework called Unified Risk Management. Third, DODAR model, which is widely used as a checklist for Decision Making process, was modified and extended to cover all the processes of Risk Management …

Resilient Strategies In Commercial Aviation, Michael Stewart, Bryan Matthews

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

When we fly and nothing scary happens, is the system’s design affording this success? Not always — sometimes humans are the cause of success. This resilient performance is often overlooked. We explore two types of resilient performance strategies: countermeasures and modifications. countermeasures are behaviors triggered by variables anticipated to be challenging or problematic (i.e., pressures). To capture this, we look at examples of how a problem was avoided. For example, a country road may have a hairpin turn where accidents more frequently occur. With this pressure identified, we look at successful drivers for insights. Modifications are changes that are created …

Concept Of A Cognitive Agent Supporting Collaboration In Human Teams, Wolfgang Sachsenhauser, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This contribution aims at the support of human teamwork between crew members of next generation combat aircraft by means of a distributed and adaptive assistant system. In future combined air operations several aircraft, manned and unmanned, operate together to achieve a common mission objective. That requires a high degree of coordination amongst the pilots, each of them being highly charged with e.g., managing unmanned vehicles from their cockpits. Our approach is to develop a distributed assistant system that observes each pilot in their cockpits. By use of a task model, it shall create and update a shared representation of the …

Learning About Routine Successful Pilot Techniques Using A Cued Retrospective Think-Aloud Task, Jon Holbrook, Chad Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Sepehr Bastami, Daniel Kiggins

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Self-report can be a valuable method for collecting data about people’s goals and perceived motivations – data about aspects of crew thinking that are not otherwise readily observable. One of the challenges associated with collecting self-report data on routine successful performance, however, is that details may go unreported, be deemed unimportant, or may not be recalled. We report a study in which commercial airline flight crews participated in a video-cued retrospective think aloud after flying a high-fidelity simulated arrival into Charlotte airport. One day after flying the simulated arrival, crews were shown a video recording of their flight. The video …

Efficacy Of Using Virtual Reality To Support The Training Of The Emerging Pilot Workforce, James G. Birdsong, Kurt L. Reesman, Joellen M. Sefton, Matthew W. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Classroom instruction, computer-based training, flight simulation, and aircraft are used to train pilots. New immersive technologies and associated learning methods are used to train military pilots and may have value in civilian pilot training. This paper describes a study to explore the efficacy of using Virtual Reality (VR) Head-mounted Displays (HMDs) to support the training of the emerging pilot workforce. Participants were ab-initio civilian pilot students enrolled in a collegiate aviation program. Participants learned commercial aircraft preflight tasks using one of three methods. The control group used a combination of traditional classroom lectures and simulator sessions; one experimental group used …

What Can We Learn From Resilient Pilot Behaviors? The Case Of Energy Management While Flying A Star, Randall J. Mumaw, Dorrit Billman, Barth Baron Jr.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Recently, there has been increased interest in documenting flightcrew behaviors that contribute to safe operations. Instead of only capturing errors, new efforts are attempting to understand how pilots manage complexity and variability in the operational environment to ensure a safe mission. This approach highlights pilot responses to events and conditions that fall outside typical TEM threats; e.g., revised ATC clearances. This approach presents a two-sided coin: characterize flightcrew resilience /or/ generate insights regarding complexity in the operational environment that is not adequately managed by current flight deck interface designs, procedures, and training. To capture operational complexity, we have been analyzing …