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Modeling The Normal:Abnormal Spectrum Of Early Childhood Internalizing Behaviors: A Clinical-Developmental Approach For The Multidimensional Assessment Profiles Internalizing Dimensions, Lauren S Wakschlag, Phillip Sherlock, Courtney K Blackwell, James L Burns, Sheila Krogh-Jespersen, Richard C Gershon, David Cella, Kristin A Buss, Joan L Luby

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: We expanded the Multidimensional Assessment Profiles (MAPS) Scales developmental specification model to characterize the normal:abnormal spectrum of internalizing (anxious and depressive) behaviors in early childhood via the MAPS-Internalizing (MAPS-INT) scale.

METHODS: The MAPS-INT item pool was generated based on clinical expertise and prior research. Analyses were conducted on a sub-sample of families (n = 183) from the diverse When to Worry early childhood sample.

RESULTS: Normal:abnormal descriptive patterns for both anxious and depressive behaviors were consistent with prior work: (1) extremes of normative variation are abnormal when very frequent; and (2) pathognomonic indicators that most children do not engage …

Reducing Length Of Antibiotics For Children With Ear Infections: Protocol For A Cluster-Randomized Trial In The Usa, Amy Keith, Timothy C Jenkins, Sonja O'Leary, Amy B Stein, Sophie E Katz, Jason Newland, Deborah J Rinehart, Aiden Gilbert, Sherry Dodd, Cindy M Terrill, Holly M Frost

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Volatile Profiling Distinguishes Streptococcus Pyogenes From Other Respiratory Streptococcal Species, Amalia Z Berna, Joseph A Merriman, Leah Mellett, Danealle K Parchment, Michael G Caparon, Audrey R Odom John

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sore throat is one of the most common complaints encountered in the ambulatory clinical setting. Rapid, culture-independent diagnostic techniques that do not rely on pharyngeal swabs would be highly valuable as a point-of-care strategy to guide outpatient antibiotic treatment. Despite the promise of this approach, efforts to detect volatiles during oropharyngeal infection have yet been limited. In our research study, we sought to evaluate for specific bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers in isolated cultures

Assessment Of Brain Magnetic Resonance And Spectroscopy Imaging Findings And Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest, Ericka L Fink, Stuart Friess, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Morbidity and mortality after pediatric cardiac arrest are chiefly due to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Brain features seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after arrest may identify injury and aid in outcome assessments.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of brain lesions seen on T2-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and lactate concentrations seen on MRS with 1-year outcomes after pediatric cardiac arrest.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter cohort study took place in pediatric intensive care units at 14 US hospitals between May 16, 2017, and August 19, 2020. Children aged 48 hours …

Presentation And Prognosis Of Excessive Asymptomatic Atrial Ectopy In Children And Adolescents With Structurally And Functionally Normal Hearts, Thomas R Joyce, James J Joyce, Marye J Gleva, Sunita J Ferns

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Excessive premature atrial complexes (PACs) in pediatric patients with a structurally normal heart are presumed to be benign and self-resolving, but no studies have confirmed this. Adults with excessive PACs, however, are at increased risk for future sustained atrial arrhythmias and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the clinical course of frequent PACs in asymptomatic children. Patients < 21 years old with numerous asymptomatic PACs (>50/24 hours) were retrospectively selected over a 10-year period. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and results of cardiovascular testing were tabulated. Two groups were defined: those with a significant (>20%) reduction in burden of atrial ectopy versus those with an insignificant …

Cognition And Education Benefits Of Increased Hemoglobin And Blood Oxygenation In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Joanna P. Macewan, Allison A. King, Andy Nguyen, Anuj Mubayi, Irene Agodoa, Kim Smith-Whitley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), decreased hemoglobin is associated with lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) and increased risk of stroke, both of which are associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Thus, increasing hemoglobin and SpO2 in individuals with SCD may increase IQ and educational attainment.

METHODS: A cohort simulation model was built to determine academic performance and educational attainment based on cognitive function (measured by IQ) of a pediatric SCD cohort randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The model contained two key stages: childhood (<10 years) and adolescence (≥10 years). In stage 1, increased hemoglobin and increased SpO2 (assigned to the treatment group) were determinants of higher IQ, prevention of IQ deterioration over time. Increased hemoglobin was also a determinant of decreased stroke risk. In stage 2, improvement in adolescent IQ as a result of treatment was a determinant of academic performance.

RESULTS: In a simulated cohort of 2000 children and adolescents with …

Adherence To And Experiences Of K-12 Students In Modified And Standard Home Quarantine During The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic In Missouri, Mary Claire Worrell, Sara Malone, Patrick Dawson, Stephanie A. Fritz, Ebony Thomas, Bre Peeler, Catherine Rains, Sarah C. Tinker, John C. Neatherlin, Lisa Barrios, Jon Mooney, Katie Towns, Jason Newland, Johanna S. Salzer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In November 2020, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Missouri allowed local public health jurisdictions the option to implement a modified quarantine policy allowing kindergarten through 12 (K-12) students with low-risk exposures to continue in-person learning. We assessed adherence to quarantine among participants in modified quarantine and standard home quarantine and the psychosocial impacts of quarantine on students and families.

METHODS: In January-March 2021, as part of an investigation of in-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2, parents of 586 participating K-12 students identified as a close contact with a person with SARS-CoV-2 were sent a survey to assess their activities and psychosocial impacts …

Characterization Of Cerebrospinal Fluid (Csf) Microbiota At The Time Of Initial Surgical Intervention For Children With Hydrocephalus, Shailly Pandey, Kathryn B. Whitlock, Matthew R. Test, Paul Hodor, Christopher E. Pope, David D. Limbrick, Patrick J. Mcdonald, Jason S. Hauptman, Lucas R. Hoffman, Tamara D. Simon, Cerebrospinal Fluid Microbiota In Shunts (Climb) Study Group

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the microbiota of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus at the time of initial surgical intervention.

STUDY DESIGN: CSF was obtained at initial surgical intervention. One aliquot was stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium and the second was unprocessed; both were then stored at -70°C. Bacterial growth for CSF samples stored in STGG were subsequently characterized using aerobic and anaerobic culture on blood agar and MALDI-TOF sequencing. All unprocessed CSF samples underwent 16S quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) sequencing, and a subset underwent standard clinical microbiological culture. CSF with culture growth (either after storage in …

Genetic Variation In Environmental Enteropathy And Stunting In Zambian Children: A Pilot Genome Wide Association Study Using The H3africa Chip, Monica N. Mweetwa, Talin Haritunians, Shishir Dube, Kanta Chandwe, Beatrice Amadi, Kanekwa Zyambo, Ta-Chiang Liu, Dermot Mcgovern, Paul Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Stunting is known to be heavily influenced by environmental factors, so the genetic contribution has received little attention. Here we report an exploration of genetic influences in stunted Zambian children with environmental enteropathy.

METHOD: Children with stunting (LAZ < -2) were enrolled and given nutritional therapy. Those that were non-responsive to therapy were designated as cases, and children with good growth (LAZ > -1) from the same community as controls. Blood and stool samples were taken to measure biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, epithelial damage, and microbial translocation. Single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping was carried out on saliva samples using the H3Africa consortium array.

RESULTS: Genome wide associations were analysed in 117 cases and 41 controls. While no significant associations with stunting were observed at …