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Characterization Of The Effect Of Photobiomodulation On Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells And Cd4+ T Cells From Healthy Donors And Multiple Sclerosis Subjects., Miguel Tolentino

Theses and Dissertations

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease. The pathogenesis of MS is a combination of a pro-inflammatory autoimmune response coupled with nitrosative and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction within the central nervous system (CNS) leads to a reduction of ATP and high concentrations of nitric oxide leads to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), resulting in oxidative and nitrosative stress that damages myelin and axons, leading to axonal loss and disease progression. Nitrosative stress is present in MS even in early stages of disease even before inflammation and the myelin destruction. The …

The Transcriptional Effects Of Photobiomodulation In An In Vitro Model Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Hannah Jane Therese Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of blindness. The pathophysiology of DR is complicated, involving inflammation, oxidative stress, retinal vascular proliferation, and vascular degeneration. Symptomatically, the growth and subsequent rupture of vessels within the frame of view leads to the development of vision loss and eventual blindness. Prior to the development of symptoms, oxidative stress involved in DR leads to the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), resulting in the excess production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), proteins involved in vascular development and …

The Effects Of 830nm Light On Inflammation In Retinitis Pigmentosa, Krystal Marie Bach

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal degenerative disease and the most common cause of blindness in developed countries, affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 people. RP is characterized by photoreceptor cell death and recent studies suggest that chronic inflammation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of RP. Currently, there are no known treatments or preventive measures to delay or halt the loss of photoreceptor cells. Photobiomodulation (PBM) by light in the far-red or near-infrared (NIR) range of the light spectrum has been documented to help promote cell survival and reduce inflammation in several disease states. Recent studies …

Effects Of 670 Nm And 830 Nm Light On The Immune Response To Borrelia Burgdorferi, Felice Chen

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF 670 NM AND 830 NM LIGHT ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO BORRELIA BURGDORFERI

by

Felice Chen

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2015

Under the Supervision of Dean T. Nardelli, Ph.D. and Janis T. Eells, Ph.D.

Lyme arthritis is a debilitating joint disorder that arises from Lyme disease, which is a result of infection by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Antibiotics are the traditional treatment for Lyme disease, but chronic arthritis may persist in some patients despite antibiotic treatment. Therefore, other forms of treatment for Lyme arthritis are needed. Photobiomodulation (PBM) using red or near-infrared light, with wavelengths between 630 …

Identification Of Immunomodulatory Cells Induced By 670 Nm Light Therapy In An Animal Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Erin Christine Koester

Theses and Dissertations

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease characterized by neurodegeneration and inflammation of the central nervous system. It affects approximately 250,000 people in the United States alone, with women being affected two times more than men. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the primary animal model of MS, sharing clinical signs and histopathology with MS. The current paradigm supports MS/EAE induction by myelin reactive CD4+ T cells that cross the blood brain barrier to induce an inflammatory response that leads to the destruction of the myelin sheath and eventual loss of axons. Recent data suggest that axonal loss and disease progression …

Photobiomodulation In Inherited Retinal Degeneration, Sandeep Gopalakrishnan

Theses and Dissertations

The retinal degenerative disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is the most common cause of inherited blindness in the developed world and is caused by the progressive degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells preceding cone degeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RP and other retinal degenerative diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that exposure of tissue to low energy photon irradiation in the far-red to near-infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum, (photobiomodulation or PBM) acts on mitochondria-mediated signaling pathways to attenuate oxidative stress and prevent cell death. These studies tested …