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Why Are Girls Less Physically Aggressive Than Boys? Personality And Parenting Mediators Of Physical Aggression, Gustavo Carlo, Marcela Raffaelli, Deborah J. Laible, Kathryn A. Meyer
Why Are Girls Less Physically Aggressive Than Boys? Personality And Parenting Mediators Of Physical Aggression, Gustavo Carlo, Marcela Raffaelli, Deborah J. Laible, Kathryn A. Meyer
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The primary goal of the present analysis was to determine whether the commonly observed gender difference in physical aggression could be accounted for by gender differences in selected personality and social contextual factors. Eighty-nine adolescents (M age = 16.0; 52% female; 53% European-Americans, 38% Latinos) completed self-report measures, including sympathy (empathic concern and perspective taking) and parental involvement (support and monitoring). Mediation analyses revealed that relatively high levels of both empathic concern and parental monitoring accounted for relatively low levels of physical aggression. In addition, sympathy (for males) and parental involvement (males and females) were negatively related to physical aggression. …
Do Mothers And Teens Disagree About Sexual Communication? A Methodological Reappraisal, Marcela Raffaelli, Lori A. Smart, Sarah C. Van Horn, Angela D. Hohbein, Jennifer E. Kline, Wei-Lik Chan
Do Mothers And Teens Disagree About Sexual Communication? A Methodological Reappraisal, Marcela Raffaelli, Lori A. Smart, Sarah C. Van Horn, Angela D. Hohbein, Jennifer E. Kline, Wei-Lik Chan
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study investigated whether parent-teen disagreement in reports of sexual discussions is due to methodological factors. Forty-four mothers and their 12- to 15-yearold daughters (n = 18) and sons (n = 26) completed parallel questionnaires including measures of communication about 18 different sexual topics during the teen’s entire life and during the past year. Analyses examined whether congruence rates were infl uenced by the use of global as compared to specifi c items, assessment of conversations during the teen’s entire life as compared to the past year, and use of forced-choice as opposed to continuous-response categories. Taken as a whole, …
A Longitudinal Examination Of The Consequences Of Sexual Victimization For Rural Young Adult Women, Janine Zweig, Lisa J. Crockett, Aline Sayer, Judith Vicary
A Longitudinal Examination Of The Consequences Of Sexual Victimization For Rural Young Adult Women, Janine Zweig, Lisa J. Crockett, Aline Sayer, Judith Vicary
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This longitudinal study examined the consequences of sexual victimization in a sample of 237 young adult women from a rural community. Of the total sample, 71 (30%) reported experiencing some type of unwanted sex. Multiple regression was used to examine the effects on psychosocial adjustment of unwanted sex that occurred through nonviolent coercion and violent coercion, respectively, controlling for prior psychological adjustment. Results indicated that women who reported physically violent sexual coercion exhibited poorer psychological and social/relational adjustment than either nonvictimized women or women who had experienced nonviolent forms of sexual coercion. Additionally, nonviolent sexual coercion was associated with higher …
Facilitating And Disinhibiting Prosocial Behaviors: The Nonlinear Interaction Of Trait Perspective Taking And Trait Personal Distress On Volunteering, Gustavo Carlo, James B. Allen, Dion C. Buhman
Facilitating And Disinhibiting Prosocial Behaviors: The Nonlinear Interaction Of Trait Perspective Taking And Trait Personal Distress On Volunteering, Gustavo Carlo, James B. Allen, Dion C. Buhman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Prior theorists and researchers have suggested that multiplicative models of prosocial behavior may account for weak and inconsistent relations between traits and prosocial behaviors. This study examined the multiplicative relations of trait personal distress, trait sympathy, and trait perspective taking on prosocial behaviors. Nonlinear, 2-way interactions were hypothesized, such that as trait personal distress decreased from moderate to low levels, and trait perspective taking or trait sympathy increased, volunteering would increase. One hundred and eighty-two undergraduate students completed a battery of trait measures that included trait perspective taking, trait sympathy, and trait personal distress. Approximately 6 weeks later, the students …
Early Adolescence And Prosocial/Moral Behavior Ii: The Role Of Social And Contextual Influences, Gustavo Carlo, Richard A. Fabes, Deborah Laible, Kristina Kupanoff
Early Adolescence And Prosocial/Moral Behavior Ii: The Role Of Social And Contextual Influences, Gustavo Carlo, Richard A. Fabes, Deborah Laible, Kristina Kupanoff
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This is the second installment of the special issue on prosocial and moral development in early adolescence. This issue focuses on social and contextual processes in young adolescents’ prosocial and moral behaviors. In this introductory article, a brief review of the research on parents or family, peers, school environment, culture, and nationality as correlates of prosocial and moral development was presented. The research indicates that the social context plays an important role in prosocial and moral development. However, research on the social and contextual correlates of prosocial and moral development in early adolescence is at an embryonic stage. Research is …
Child Physical Abuse And Neglect, Jody E. Warner-Rogers, David J. Hansen, Debra B. Hecht
Child Physical Abuse And Neglect, Jody E. Warner-Rogers, David J. Hansen, Debra B. Hecht
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Children ideally develop and learn about their world from the safe and stimulating environment of their home. Therefore, it is quite disturbing when violence occurs within the supposedly protective domains of the home and the parent-child relationship, although such acts have been committed throughout history (Zigler & Hall, 1989). Even though acts of child maltreatment have a long history, the concept that society should be responsible for the protection of children, including identification, reporting, and treatment of both the victims and perpetrators of maltreatment, is a relatively recent development. This chapter addresses the physical abuse and neglect of children by …
Adolescent Victims And Intergenerational Issues In Sexual Abuse, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen
Adolescent Victims And Intergenerational Issues In Sexual Abuse, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The transitional period of adolescence is characterized by a number of changes and challenges that occur both within and outside the individual. Many developmental events occur during adolescence that have a significant impact on an adolescent’s functioning, including a variety of physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social changes. In addition, adolescents may experience a variety of other important events, such as peer group changes, school moves, changes in family structure or functioning, and alterations in societal and community expectations (Hansen, Giacoletti, & Nangle, 1995; Peterson & Hamburg, 1986). Unfortunately, many adolescents are further challenged by being a victim of sexual …
Homeless And Working Street Youth In Latin America: A Developmental Review, Marcela Raffaelli
Homeless And Working Street Youth In Latin America: A Developmental Review, Marcela Raffaelli
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In most Latin American countries, a substantial proportion of children grow up in circumstances of extreme deprivation and early independence. These include "street youth", youngsters who work and sometimes live on city streets in developing countries. Most street youth research has been conducted from an applied perspective and emphasizes service and policy needs. Little developmental research has been conducted with street youth, and the long-term impact of street life is largely unknown. This review synthesizes empirical findings on the developmentally-relevant experiences of sub-groups of street youth in Latin America. It includes research in four areas: social networks, daily survival, health …
Rationality In Medical Treatment Decisions: Is There A Sunk-Cost Effect?, Brian H. Bornstein, Christine Emler, Gretchen B. Chapman
Rationality In Medical Treatment Decisions: Is There A Sunk-Cost Effect?, Brian H. Bornstein, Christine Emler, Gretchen B. Chapman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Objective: To assess residents’ propensity to display the sunk-cost effect, an irrational decision-making bias, in medical treatment decisions; and to compare residents’ and undergraduates’ susceptibility to the bias in non-medical, everyday behaviors. Design: Cross-sectional, in-person survey. Setting: Louisiana State University, two locations: Medical Center-Baton Rouge and Main Campus–Psychology Department. Participants: Internal medicine and family practice residents (N = 36, Mdn age = 27) and college undergraduates (N = 40, Mdn age = 20). Measurements and main results: Residents evaluated medical and non-medical situations that varied the amount of previous investment and whether the present decision maker was the …
Fear And Exhilaration In Response To Risk: An Extension Of A Model Of Injury Risk In A Real-World Context, Scott Cook, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Fear And Exhilaration In Response To Risk: An Extension Of A Model Of Injury Risk In A Real-World Context, Scott Cook, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This paper explored a model that predicted children’s actual injury risk behavior from their current typical reported reactions of excitement versus fear in risky play situations. Fourth-grade children were asked to report on their current typical levels of fear and excitement in response to common play situations, including those involving play in the water. A week or more later, the same children were observed during their turn at free play on the diving board of a local swimming pool. Reporting that current responses to risky play situations resulted in fear was related to lower rates of actual risky behavior and …
Jurors’ Perception Of Violence: A Framework For Inquiry, Brian H. Bornstein, Robert J. Nemeth
Jurors’ Perception Of Violence: A Framework For Inquiry, Brian H. Bornstein, Robert J. Nemeth
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The impact that the perceived violence of a crime has on jury decision making has received much controversy lately. Violence may affect juries by how it is presented, as in the case of graphic evidence; its evidentiary purpose, as in establishing a history of violence in domestic abuse cases; and in sentencing, when the question of the heinousness of the crime is raised. Many judicial experts argue that evidence of violence may prejudice juries’ verdicts. There is also concern within the legal community that what constitutes a heinous crime cannot be objectively determined. Psychological research has only just begun to …
Early Adolescence And Prosocial/Moral Behavior I: The Role Of Individual Processes, Richard A. Fabes, Gustavo Carlo, Kristina Kupanoff, Deborah Laible
Early Adolescence And Prosocial/Moral Behavior I: The Role Of Individual Processes, Richard A. Fabes, Gustavo Carlo, Kristina Kupanoff, Deborah Laible
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In this introductory article, the purpose of the special issue on prosocial and moral development during early adolescence is presented. This issue is the first of two special issues and focuses on the role that individual processes play in influencing young adolescents’ prosocial and moral development. Presented also is a new meta-analysis of data on age and gender differences in prosocial behavior with particular focus on early adolescence. It was found that prosocial behavior during adolescence rarely has been studied, but that there are general increases in prosocial behavior during this time when compared with early age periods. Moreover, gender …
Child Physical Abuse, David J. Hansen, Georganna Sedlar, Jody E. Warner-Rogers
Child Physical Abuse, David J. Hansen, Georganna Sedlar, Jody E. Warner-Rogers
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Widespread attention to the problem of child physical abuse has increased dramatically in recent decades. Extensive research evidence has described child physical abuse as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon that is best assessed by procedures using multiple modalities (e.g., interview, self-report, direct observation) that address multiple content areas. Comprehensive assessment is essential for identifying risk and occurrence of abuse, guiding the focus or direction of treatment, as well as monitoring treatment efficacy and outcome, all of which may be disseminated to interested parties as appropriate (e.g., CPS, judicial system, school, other treatment providers). Increasingly specific and relevant procedures have become available …
Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and Peromyscus sp. mice (P. maniculatus and P. truei) were collected from one site in Placer County, one site in Santa Cruz County, and two sites in Sonoma County in northern California. Serum or plasma samples from 260 rodents were tested for antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Of these, samples from 25 wood rats (34% of those tested) and 10 (8%) Peromyscus sp. mice were found to be seropositive, but only those from one site. PCR assays targeting the groESL heat shock operon were conducted on all seropositive …
Introduction, Dan Bernstein
Introduction, Dan Bernstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This volume is about motivation and gender. The chapters outline recent research and conceptual analysis related to four important motivational constructs-sexuality, emotion, competition, and aggression. In each case the author has examined the relation between the motivational construct and gender; the chapters describe those relations and analyze their origins and implications. There are two primary ideas that connect these accounts of gender and motivation: the authors generally report great diversity within gender groups in the degree to which these motivational characteristics are found, and they note that there is much to be considered in exactly how these motivational constructs are …
Gender Differences In The Relationships Among Ses, Family History Of Alcohol Disorders And Alcohol Dependence, Geoffrey M. Curran, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Elizabeth M. Hill, Sharon A. Mudd, Frederic C. Blow, Robert A. Zucker
Gender Differences In The Relationships Among Ses, Family History Of Alcohol Disorders And Alcohol Dependence, Geoffrey M. Curran, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Elizabeth M. Hill, Sharon A. Mudd, Frederic C. Blow, Robert A. Zucker
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Objective: Potential moderator and mediator roles of several measures of socioeconomic status (SES) were investigated for the relationship between a family history of alcoholism( FH) and alcohol dependence symptoms in adulthood. Method: These analyses were performed with a sample of 931 men and 385 women participating in studies at the Alcohol Research Center, University of Michigan. Hierarchical multiple regression equations were used to assess whether SES mediated and moderated relationships between FH and alcohol dependence symptoms. Results: In general, measures of SES (education, occupation, personal and household income) were more important predictors of alcohol dependence symptoms among men, while FH …
Potential Associations Among Genetic Markers In The Serotonergic System And The Antisocial Alcoholism Subtype, E. M. Hill, S. F. Stoltenberg, M. Burmeister, M. Closser, R. A. Zucker
Potential Associations Among Genetic Markers In The Serotonergic System And The Antisocial Alcoholism Subtype, E. M. Hill, S. F. Stoltenberg, M. Burmeister, M. Closser, R. A. Zucker
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Alcoholism is transmitted in families. The complexity and heterogeneity of this disorder has made it difficult to identify specific genetic correlates. One design with the potential to do so is the family-based association study, in which the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms are compared between affected and nonaffected members. Reduced central serotonin neurotransmission is associated with features of an antisocial subtype of alcoholism, although a primary deficit has not been traced to a particular component. Genetic markers related to the serotonergic system have been identified, located, and cloned. If associations can be discovered, the development process for pharmacotherapy could be facilitated. …