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The Impact Of Humor On Energy, Tension, Task Choices, And Attributions: Exploring Hypotheses From Toughness Theory, Richard A. Dienstbier
The Impact Of Humor On Energy, Tension, Task Choices, And Attributions: Exploring Hypotheses From Toughness Theory, Richard A. Dienstbier
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Hypotheses derived from toughness theory suggest that nonaggressive humor should lead to increased feelings of energy without influencing tension, to preferences for studying materials that require more effort and energy, and to ratings of mundane laboratory activities as more challenging but not more threatening. Eighty-one college-age men and women were randomly assigned to watch a 12-minute video of Bill Cosby's humor or to watch a nonhumorous control video that analyzed the Cosby comedy routine. The humor condition resulted in significant increases in feelings of energy but not in feelings of tension. The other hypotheses were also confirmed except that performance …
Pathways Through Adolescence: An Overview, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
Pathways Through Adolescence: An Overview, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Given the connection between adolescent behavior and future well-being, it is important to understand the choices that adolescents make and how patterns of behavior evolve and are maintained during this period. The premise of this volume is that we can describe the behavior patterns young people develop in adolescence, and piece together the decisions that shape their paths through adolescence and into adulthood. Moreover, we can begin to identify the dynamic processes that affect adolescents7 life choices, the emergence of behavior patterns, and the development of lifestyles. This volume seeks to address three questions. How can developmental pathways in adolescence …
Developmental Paths In Adolescence: Commentary, Lisa J. Crockett
Developmental Paths In Adolescence: Commentary, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Much remains to be done to illuminate the processes shaping adolescents' developmental paths. Influences affecting adolescents' day-to-day behavior, as well as their decisions at specific turning points, need to be elucidated. The reciprocal influences operating between adolescent and environment, and the fact that selection processes (both passive and active) are likely to increase the correlation between individual and environmental characteristics, further complicate the task of disentangling causal processes. Furthermore, understanding adolescents' developmental pathways requires more than identifying the dynamic processes in operation at key turning points and in the settings the person enters subsequently. It requires examining the chain of …
The Relationship Between Homophobia, Peer Counseling Effectiveness, And Peer Counseling Self-Confidence, Marc T. Kiviniemi
The Relationship Between Homophobia, Peer Counseling Effectiveness, And Peer Counseling Self-Confidence, Marc T. Kiviniemi
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The relationships between a peer counselor's level of homophobia, their self-perceptions of counseling ability, and their effectiveness as a peer counselor were examined. Resident Assistants (RA's, N=27) completed the Index of Homophobia (Hudson & Ricketts, 1980) and the Peer Counseling Comfort Scale. Resident students (N=159) evaluated their RA's performance and ability as a peer counselor. Results from the three surveys were correlated. A significant correlation was found between Homophobia scores and self-perceptions of ability. Implications for counseling practice and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Memory Processes In Elderly Eyewitnesses: What We Know And What We Don’T Know, Brian H. Bornstein
Memory Processes In Elderly Eyewitnesses: What We Know And What We Don’T Know, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Research is reviewed on the memory abilities of elderly eyewitnesses. Two major issues are addressed: First, how credible are elderly witnesses? Second, how accurate are they? Despite negative stereotypes regarding elderly eyewitnesses, they do not necessarily lack credibility at trial. In terms of their memory performance, older witnesses are as accurate as young adults in many respects, but they are particularly vulnerable to misleading information that is presented after the witnessed event. Furthermore, their performance varies depending on the type of information that is sought and the manner in which their memory is assessed. Recommendations are made for improving the …
Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Summary Of A Workshop, Jay Hoofnagle, Robert Carithers Jr., Craig Shapiro, Nancy Ascher
Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Summary Of A Workshop, Jay Hoofnagle, Robert Carithers Jr., Craig Shapiro, Nancy Ascher
Public Health Resources
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is defined by the appearance of severe liver injury with hepatic encephalopathy in a previously healthy person. There are an estimated 2,000 cases of FHF in the United States yearly, representing 0.1% of all deaths and, perhaps, 6% of liver related deaths. The causes of FHF are many, the chief ones in the United States being hepatitis A; B; non-A, non-B and drug induced liver disease. There are no specific therapies for FHF, however, liver transplantation is recommended for situations in which spontaneous recovery appears unlikely. Factors that are valuable in assessing the likelihood of spontaneous …