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Articles 1 - 30 of 7307
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Treatment At An Academic Medical Center Eliminates Survival Disparities For Appalachian Kentuckians With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Emily Cassim, Hannah Mcdonald, Megan Harper, Quan Chen, Miranda Lin, Reema Patel, Michael Cavnar, Prakash Pandalai, Bin Huang, Pamela C. Hull, Joseph Kim, Erin Burke
Treatment At An Academic Medical Center Eliminates Survival Disparities For Appalachian Kentuckians With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Emily Cassim, Hannah Mcdonald, Megan Harper, Quan Chen, Miranda Lin, Reema Patel, Michael Cavnar, Prakash Pandalai, Bin Huang, Pamela C. Hull, Joseph Kim, Erin Burke
Journal of Appalachian Health
Introduction: Rates of cancer mortality in Appalachian Kentucky is among the highest in the nation. It is unknown whether geographic location of treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, influences survival in Appalachian Kentuckians.
Purpose: This study compares outcomes among Appalachian Kentuckians with PDAC who received treatment at an academic medical center (AMC) or community facility (CF).
Methods: Using the Kentucky Cancer Registry, patients diagnosed with PDAC between 2003 and 2018 were identified. Patients were categorized according to treatment location (AMC v. CF) and county of residence (Appalachian v. non-Appalachian). Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to …
Maternal Age And Inadequate Prenatal Care In West Virginia: A Project Watch Study, Madelin Gardner, Amna Umer, Brian Hendricks, Toni Marie Rudisill, Candice Lefeber, Collin John, Christa Lilly
Maternal Age And Inadequate Prenatal Care In West Virginia: A Project Watch Study, Madelin Gardner, Amna Umer, Brian Hendricks, Toni Marie Rudisill, Candice Lefeber, Collin John, Christa Lilly
Journal of Appalachian Health
Introduction: Adequate prenatal care (PNC) is essential to the overall health of mother and infant. Teen age and advanced maternal age (AMA) are known risk factors for poor birth outcomes. However, less is known about whether these age groups are associated with inadequate PNC.
Purpose: This study sought to determine the potential association between maternal age (in groups, aged 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and >40) and inadequate PNC (visits).
Methods: West Virginia (WV) Project WATCH population-level data (May 2018–March 2022) were used for this study. Multiple logistic regressions were performed on inadequate PNC (less than 10 visits) with maternal age …
Ensuring Equitable Application Of Interventions To Vulnerable Subpopulations In The Kentucky Consortium For Accountable Health Communities (Kc-Ahc), Jing Li, Jessica M. Clouser, Akosua Adu, Aiko Weverka, Nikita Vundi, Terry D. Stratton, Mark V. Williams
Ensuring Equitable Application Of Interventions To Vulnerable Subpopulations In The Kentucky Consortium For Accountable Health Communities (Kc-Ahc), Jing Li, Jessica M. Clouser, Akosua Adu, Aiko Weverka, Nikita Vundi, Terry D. Stratton, Mark V. Williams
Journal of Appalachian Health
Introduction: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has funded the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model to test whether systematically identifying and addressing the health-related social needs (HRSNs) of individuals would impact healthcare utilization and total cost of care for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Toward this effort, AHCs implement screening, referral, and community navigation services in their local areas. There are 28 CMS-funded AHCs nationwide, including the Kentucky Consortium for Accountable Health Communities (KC-AHC).
Purpsoe: This study aims to assess the equity of KC-AHC model activities in three vulnerable sub-populations: dual enrollees, disabled individuals, and women.
Methods: Twenty-eight primary …
Trilogies: Lessons From 50 Years Facilitating Community-Based Health Assessments And Planning In Appalachia, Bruce Behringer
Trilogies: Lessons From 50 Years Facilitating Community-Based Health Assessments And Planning In Appalachia, Bruce Behringer
Journal of Appalachian Health
Involvement of community and organizational groups is fundamental to most public ventures. Most social, health, economic, and educational improvements in Appalachia have been characterized by successfully integrating community input and finding ways to encourage organizational change and collaboration.
Managing group process and related facilitation skills are fundamental competencies for public health professionals and others guiding change efforts. Groups from communities and organizations can get stalled in their deliberations; a facilitator frequently must think quickly to diagnose the situation and propose alternative approaches. Creative and flexible approaches, learned through practice experiences, can blend with theories and frameworks learned in academic preparation …
Creating An Interactive Guide To Support Health Disparities Competency, Lauren E. Robinson, Stephanie Henderson, Cayla M. Robinson, Rebecca J. Morgan, Beth Reeder
Creating An Interactive Guide To Support Health Disparities Competency, Lauren E. Robinson, Stephanie Henderson, Cayla M. Robinson, Rebecca J. Morgan, Beth Reeder
2024 R&I Day
Authors share their educational resource developed for the health sciences, that guides users in awareness of health disparities, vulnerable populations, and social determinants of health, directing them to specific guidance and resources available through the library.
Harmonious Healing: A Review Of Music Therapy, A Humanities-Based Approach To Alzheimer’S Disease Treatment, Rohan K. Desai
Harmonious Healing: A Review Of Music Therapy, A Humanities-Based Approach To Alzheimer’S Disease Treatment, Rohan K. Desai
Kentucky Undergraduate Journal for the Health Humanities
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease often characterized by memory loss, confusion, and overall cognitive decline. The aging global population has, in recent years, highlighted the fundamental lack of pharmacological treatments for individuals facing an AD diagnosis. In response, a growing body of research has shifted focus to non-pharmacological humanities-based interventions. One such intervention has been music therapy (MT). Music-focused measures have shown great promise as a method of slowing cognitive decline, but mixed results in the literature warrant the need for further investigation. Often, socioeconomic barriers can limit an individual’s access to drug-related treatments, but the affordable …
8th Cauthen Seminar (2024) Program, Cauthen-Seminar
8th Cauthen Seminar (2024) Program, Cauthen-Seminar
Veterinary Science Presentations
Contained here is the complete program for the 8th Annual Cauthen Seminar held at the Gluck Equine Research Center.
The Cauthen seminar series was started in 2017 as a tribute and memorial to respected and beloved farrier and teacher, “Tex” Cauthen, developed to encourage the sharing of best practices, technology, research, experience, and insight among all communities in the equine industry, from owners, farriers, track managers, veterinarians, and jockeys.
The annual series has been hosted at the Gluck Equine Research Center at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY along with a live broadcast as a Zoom webinar, offered free …
The Impact A Nurse Recruiter Has On Nursing Staff Shortages And Nurse Manager Satisfaction In An Acute Psychiatric Facility, Johna Arnett
The Impact A Nurse Recruiter Has On Nursing Staff Shortages And Nurse Manager Satisfaction In An Acute Psychiatric Facility, Johna Arnett
DNP Projects
Abstract
Background: Nursing staff shortages have persisted for the last few decades. Strategies to resolve this enduring challenge continue to drive the creative efforts to attract and retain new staff. These shortages not only affect patient care but can also impact the satisfaction of nurse managers. Little information is available on the effects of a nurse recruiter role on nursing staff shortages as well as nurse manager satisfaction.
Purpose: The purpose of this project is to assess how implementing a designated nurse recruiter impacts nursing staff shortages and nurse manager satisfaction in an acute psychiatric facility. This project examines two …
Utilizing The Stop-Bang Questionnaire To Assess Risk Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure To Facilitate Sleep Medicine Referrals Upon Discharge, Chelsea Mitchell
DNP Projects
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-breathing disorder. Undiagnosed OSA is highly prevalent in the population, especially in those with heart failure. OSA and heart failure combined create a negative feedback loop that can lead to poor clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, many cardiac patients are never screened for OSA.
Purpose: The purpose of this project is to improve screening rates for OSA via the STOP-Bang questionnaire and establish an efficient and effective process for referrals to sleep medicine for heart failure patients screening high-risk.
Methods: The design was a quality improvement project with pre- and post-testing and a …
Implementation Of Unit-Based Preceptor Orientation: The Effects On Perceived Orientee Competence And Self-Confidence Of The Precepting Cvicu Nurse, Laura K. Marcum
Implementation Of Unit-Based Preceptor Orientation: The Effects On Perceived Orientee Competence And Self-Confidence Of The Precepting Cvicu Nurse, Laura K. Marcum
DNP Projects
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess how unit-specific preceptor training impacted the perceived readiness of new graduate nurses, self-confidence of preceptors, and the correlated job satisfaction.
Background: The nurse attrition rate is resulting in inexperience at the bedside. Nursing inexperience leads to lower quality patient care. If improving the efficiency of training and education can improve perceived readiness, then in turn we can increase the longevity of our new nurses. Improving the longevity of nurses has significant implications on the budget of each hospital, the patient outcomes, and the staff’s resulting job satisfaction.
Methods: New graduate nurse …
Empowering Caregivers In The Prevention Of Clinical Delirium For At Risk Older Adults Boarding In The Emergency Department Setting, Danielle Brewer
Empowering Caregivers In The Prevention Of Clinical Delirium For At Risk Older Adults Boarding In The Emergency Department Setting, Danielle Brewer
DNP Projects
Background: Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding is a global healthcare crisis documented in the literature for more than a decade, impacting patient outcomes and resource availability. While awaiting delayed transfer to an inpatient room, older adults in the ED remain vulnerable to developing acute delirium. Boarding potentiates the risk for worsening health outcomes, which are further compounded by delirium. Scarcity of resources and time constraints delay delirium detection and increase risk for down-stream hospital-acquired complications, higher cost, and prolonged length of stay. Current ED models do not prioritize caregiver partnership or involvement in delirium-conscious care, which is a holistic approach to …
Improving Knowledge, Confidence, And Competency Among Icu Nurses Concerning The Benefits Of Using The Uk Ventilator Separation Protocol, Brittany Monroe
Improving Knowledge, Confidence, And Competency Among Icu Nurses Concerning The Benefits Of Using The Uk Ventilator Separation Protocol, Brittany Monroe
DNP Projects
Background: The trauma intensive care unit (ICU) at University of Kentucky (UK) Healthcare uses a ventilator separation protocol which provides specific guidelines on the successful weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation. However, many of the nurses are not aware of this protocol as formal education is not included in their orientation or training. This lack of knowledge can lead to risks such as increased patient morbidity, mortality, ICU length of stay, and healthcare-related costs. Research shows that using structured mechanical ventilator weaning tools in the ICU can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, which in turn, lowers these associated risks. …
The Impact Of Lung Cancer Screening Education On Knowledge And Screening Rates In A Kentucky Cancer Survivorship Clinic, Alexandra Isler
The Impact Of Lung Cancer Screening Education On Knowledge And Screening Rates In A Kentucky Cancer Survivorship Clinic, Alexandra Isler
DNP Projects
Background: Lung cancer is a significant problem in Kentucky, which ranks fourth in the nation in adults who currently smoke. Early detection, through lung cancer screening, can prevent untimely deaths. Several barriers to screening exist including lack of knowledge and awareness among patients regarding lung cancer screening. By increasing knowledge, at risk patients can take the necessary steps to decrease incidence of late stage diagnoses.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate patients’ knowledge of lung cancer screening and referral and screening rates before and after one-on-one patient education.
Methods: This was a quality improvement project that used …
“Your Legs Don’T Look All That Good” An Analysis Of Impoliteness And Politeness In Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injuries In The Workplace, Grace Kozal
Theses and Dissertations--Communication Sciences and Disorders
Background: Social communication disorders are a common outcome from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This social communication disorder can be seen through impolite speech acts during conversation. While politeness is a social norm for workplace discourse, instances of impoliteness may have poor consequences. This research explores the use of impoliteness in persons with TBI within computer generated work-based conditions.
Methods: Language samples from the Voicemail Elicitation Task (VET) and Feedback/Advice Spoken Task (FAST) were transcribed word-for-word. Transcripts from all 62 participants were coded for impoliteness using a developed Impoliteness Codebook and were analyzed to identify significant differences in the number of …
Division Of Labor And Relationship Satisfaction: Examining The Mediating Role Of Self Esteem, Ellen Keith
Division Of Labor And Relationship Satisfaction: Examining The Mediating Role Of Self Esteem, Ellen Keith
Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences
As a result of feminist movements, rejections of gender roles, and changing economic conditions, profound changes have occurred within the structure of American families. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of divisions of household labor (DoL), self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction within the context of contemporary relationships. Drawing on data from the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (Pairfam), this study tested five hypotheses, and investigates how perceptions of fairness in DoL tasks influence self-esteem and relationship satisfaction. Significant associations were found between reported share of DoL and indicated fairness of DoL, indicated fairness of DoL and relationship …
Investigating A New Drug Target In Alzheimer’S Disease: Nox2, Tiffany Adams
Investigating A New Drug Target In Alzheimer’S Disease: Nox2, Tiffany Adams
Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with neuropathological changes in the blood-brain barrier that offers possible therapeutic targets. Oxidative stress is one driving factor for AD. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the capillary endothelium produces reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We hypothesized that using a specific NOX2 inhibitor, PhoxI2, has the potential to reduce reactive oxygen species and repair amyloid-β (Aβ)-driven blood-brain barrier leakage in an AD mouse model.
Methods: For this study, 5xFAD (Familiar Alzheimer Disease) mice were treated with vehicle or PhoxI2, a NOX2 inhibitor. Techniques utilized were Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay …
Reducing Nursing Documentation Burden: Evaluation Of An Electronic Health Record Optimization Plan, Jessica Collins
Reducing Nursing Documentation Burden: Evaluation Of An Electronic Health Record Optimization Plan, Jessica Collins
DNP Projects
Background: UK HealthCare transitioned to a new enterprise electronic health record (EHR) system, offered by Epic Systems Corporation, in June 2021. Approximately 2,000 inpatient nurses use the EpicCare Inpatient Module in the 1,086 licensed bed facilities. Compared to other academic medical centers, UK HealthCare nurses take more time documenting in this EHR inpatient module’s Basic Assessment Flowsheet (documentation burden) and have a longer delay between assessment and documentation (timeliness) potentially contributing to nursing dissatisfaction with using this new EHR.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a phase of the Epic Nurse Well-Being Project, a …
Improving Dental Students' Knowledge And Confidence In Treating Tobacco Use, Victoria Pierce
Improving Dental Students' Knowledge And Confidence In Treating Tobacco Use, Victoria Pierce
DNP Projects
Background: Tobacco use can lead to numerous chronic health conditions. Healthcare professionals in the dental field are in a unique position to broach this issue with patients. Research shows that dental students do not feel equipped to provide tobacco cessation care, citing lack of education on the subject among their top reasons for this.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate changes in dental students’ knowledge and confidence related to treating tobacco use after participation in an educational intervention about the 5A’s, behavioral counseling, and first-line prescription medications.
Methods: This quality improvement initiative utilized a quasi-experimental survey design …
The Relationship Between Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms At 3 Timepoints And Infant Sleep Practices At 6-Month Follow-Up In A Population Of Mothers In Santo Domingo, Ecuador, Kassidy Lane
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
Abstract
Background
Previous studies have linked maternal depression with poor infant sleep (e.g., waking up at night and infants having trouble settling to sleep). This study examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms at three time points and safe infant sleep at 6-month follow-up.
Methods
Data was collected from a randomized clinical trial including 100 women recruited from a health center in Santo Domingo, Ecuador during their third trimester of pregnancy. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of safe infant sleeping at 6 months among mothers who reported depressive symptoms at 3 …
Program Evaluation Case Study, Grace Mullikin
Program Evaluation Case Study, Grace Mullikin
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
Program evaluation case study utilizing Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Case Evaluation Framework.
Changes In Primary Care Availability In Appalachia, Whitney Beckett
Changes In Primary Care Availability In Appalachia, Whitney Beckett
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a groundbreaking moment in the United States healthcare system. It affected many different aspects of the system, including access to primary care professionals. Primary care professionals provide a key role in American’s health, especially when it comes to preventative care. With one-third of Americans experiencing barriers to such access, a solution is desperately needed to increase said access. These barriers are especially profound in low-income, underserved areas such as the Appalachian regions of Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. The ACA attempted to increase access via Medicaid expansion; however, not all States expanded their …
Dental Outreach In Academic Dental Settings, Tisha Clayborn
Dental Outreach In Academic Dental Settings, Tisha Clayborn
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
Creating an effective outreach program in a dental academic setting involves a strategic approach combining educational objectives and community service. This Dental Outreach Program Guide aligns with organizational objectives, contributes to community well-being, and serves as a model for future outreach initiatives in academic dental settings. This program utilizes the PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model to design and evaluate an oral health strategy. This program aims to outline a strategic plan incorporating evidence-based decision-making, data-driven metrics, and a comprehensive roadmap for successful implementation.
Improving Black Maternal Outcomes In Christian County, Ky: A Social Marketing Approach To Perinatal Provider Change, Ariel A. Arthur
Improving Black Maternal Outcomes In Christian County, Ky: A Social Marketing Approach To Perinatal Provider Change, Ariel A. Arthur
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
Compared to other states in the country, Kentucky has historically poor population health outcomes. While the statewide maternal mortality rate is 16.1 per 100,000 live births, this statistic belies the stark racial disparities that exist. In 2018, the pregnancy-related death rate for Black women was 40.2 per 100,000 live births compared to 13.1 for White women. This pattern is persistent even after controlling for socioeconomic status, prenatal care, and other protective factors. Research shows that institutional and interpersonal racism when receiving obstetric care contributes to poor childbirth and postpartum outcomes for Black women. Additionally, geography and rural status may compound …
Flexible Attenuation Fields: Tomographic Reconstruction From Heterogeneous Datasets, Clifford S. Parker
Flexible Attenuation Fields: Tomographic Reconstruction From Heterogeneous Datasets, Clifford S. Parker
Theses and Dissertations--Computer Science
Traditional reconstruction methods for X-ray computed tomography (CT) are highly constrained in the variety of input datasets they admit. Many of the imaging settings -- the incident energy, field-of-view, effective resolution -- remain fixed across projection images, and the only real variance is in the detector's position and orientation with respect to the scene. In contrast, methods for 3D reconstruction of natural scenes are extremely flexible to the geometric and photometric properties of the input datasets, readily accepting and benefiting from images captured under varying lighting conditions, with different cameras, and at disparate points in time and space. Extending CT …
The Effect Of An Intervention To Improve Screening For Opioid Use In Patients With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Tammy Swartz
The Effect Of An Intervention To Improve Screening For Opioid Use In Patients With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Tammy Swartz
DNP Projects
Background: Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were reported to be higher during COVID-19 than during any other epidemic in history. Patients diagnosed with PTSD are at an increased risk of experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD). Early detection, prevention, and treatment are essential to prevent OUD.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to determine if education aimed at increasing nurses’ knowledge increased patient screenings for OUD.
Methodology: A baseline chart audit was performed to determine the number of patients seen in the emergency department with PTSD who also were evaluated for OUD. Two hundred and forty emergency department registered …
Neural Hyperactivity During Value-Based Decision-Making In People With Daily/Near Daily Cannabis Use, Miranda Ramirez
Neural Hyperactivity During Value-Based Decision-Making In People With Daily/Near Daily Cannabis Use, Miranda Ramirez
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Value-based decision-making involves the coordinated effort of multiple brain regions to guide future choices based on past experiences. These processes are disrupted in cannabis use disorder, where individuals continue to use cannabis despite negative consequences. Reinforcement learning (RL) paradigms can be used to capture changes in the value of available options and may inform how the brain is impacted by frequent cannabis use. This study combined fMRI with behavioral modeling of probabilistic choice task data to compare value-based choices between young adults reporting daily/near daily cannabis use (CAN) and controls (CTRL). Participants selected one of two options reinforced ($0.25) at …
Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Bundle To Educate Nurses In The Care Of Adult Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Christine Slaughter
Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Bundle To Educate Nurses In The Care Of Adult Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Christine Slaughter
DNP Projects
Background: After solid organ transplantation, between 10-40% of patients develop post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) due to the immunosuppression regimen, infection, stress response and pain. Hyperglycemia events are common and managing glycemic targets is critical to decrease the likelihood of graft failure and mortality.
Purpose: To determine the impact of an evidenced-based bundle education strategy on the perceived confidence/knowledge of nurses and on their documentation compliance in the care of adult solid organ post-transplant diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: A single group, pretest-posttest design was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the electronic educational program on the nurses perceived confidence/knowledge regarding glycemic …
A Case Study In Program Evaluation, Kayla Shepherd
A Case Study In Program Evaluation, Kayla Shepherd
Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)
A program evaluation of a case study presented by the College of Public Health. This case study included a fictitious MRSA outbreak at a Kentucky high school football camp and the response of the Fayette County Public School System (FCPS) and the Lexington-Fayette County Health Department (LFCHD). Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Program Evaluation, I evaluated the Educational Infectious Disease Program designed by the FCPS and LFCHD. I provided recommendations to help improve the success of the program.
Implementation Of An Education Intervention Aimed At Intensive Care Unit Providers To Improve Knowledge Of And Screening For Cognitive Impairment Related To Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, Terry Harrod
DNP Projects
Abstract
Background: Post intensive care syndrome is a condition that can lead to a range of physical,
cognitive, and psychiatric issues and is frequently undiagnosed. Educating Nurse Practitioners,
Physician Assistants, and Physician Fellows who work in the ICU about post intensive care
syndrome and a cognitive screening tool like the MoCA can significantly enhance their
understanding and ability to diagnose a component of this syndrome.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention
regarding post intensive care syndrome among ICU nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and
physician fellows treating patients within the ICU.
Methodology: …
The Effects Of An Educational Intervention On Nursing Knowledge Of Post-Operative Care Of Patients After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Surgery, Kelli Curry
DNP Projects
Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive esophagectomy surgery is commonly performed by thoracic surgeons on patients with esophageal cancer. The post-operative care of these patients is meticulous and follows a protocol developed by the thoracic surgeons at the University of Kentucky. At UK Chandler Medical Center, concerns have been raised regarding nurses’ lack of education of the protocol, and therefore decreased implementation. Increasing nursing knowledge pertaining to this protocol by performing educational in-services periodically and standardizing and implementing formal education as part of nursing orientation will decrease the knowledge gap and improve patient outcomes and increase utilization of the post-operative protocol.
Purpose: …