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Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, And Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction In Us Hispanics/Latinos, Kai Luo, Alkis Taryn, Eun-Hye Moon, Brandilyn A Peters, Scott D Solomon, Martha L Daviglus, Mayank M Kansal, Bharat Thyagarajan, Marc D Gellman, Jianwen Cai, Robert D Burk, Rob Knight, Robert C Kaplan, Susan Cheng, Carlos J Rodriguez, Qibin Qi, Bing Yu

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an important precursor of heart failure (HF), but little is known about its relationship with gut dysbiosis and microbial-related metabolites. By leveraging the multi-omics data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a study with population at high burden of LVDD, we aimed to characterize gut microbiota associated with LVDD and identify metabolite signatures of gut dysbiosis and incident LVDD.

RESULTS: We included up to 1996 Hispanic/Latino adults (mean age: 59.4 years; 67.1% female) with comprehensive echocardiography assessments, gut microbiome, and blood metabolome data. LVDD was defined through a composite criterion …

Genetic Variants For Head Size Share Genes And Pathways With Cancer, Maria J Knol, Raymond A Poot, Tavia E Evans, Claudia L Satizabal, Aniket Mishra, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Sandra Van Der Auwera, Marie-Gabrielle Duperron, Xueqiu Jian, Isabel C Hostettler, Dianne H K Van Dam-Nolen, Sander Lamballais, Mikolaj A Pawlak, Cora E Lewis, Amaia Carrion-Castillo, Theo G M Van Erp, Céline S Reinbold, Jean Shin, Markus Scholz, Asta K Håberg, Anders Kämpe, Gloria H Y Li, Reut Avinun, Joshua R Atkins, Fang-Chi Hsu, Alyssa R Amod, Max Lam, Ami Tsuchida, Mariël W A Teunissen, Nil Aygün, Yash Patel, Dan Liang, Alexa S Beiser, Frauke Beyer, Joshua C Bis, Daniel Bos, R Nick Bryan, Robin Bülow, Svenja Caspers, Gwenaëlle Catheline, Charlotte A M Cecil, Shareefa Dalvie, Jean-François Dartigues, Charles Decarli, Maria Enlund-Cerullo, Judith M Ford, Barbara Franke, Barry I Freedman, Nele Friedrich, Melissa J Green, Simon Haworth, Catherine Helmer, Per Hoffmann, Georg Homuth, M Kamran Ikram, Clifford R Jack, Neda Jahanshad, Christiane Jockwitz, Yoichiro Kamatani, Annchen R Knodt, Shuo Li, Keane Lim, W T Longstreth, Fabio Macciardi, Outi Mäkitie, Bernard Mazoyer, Sarah E Medland, Susumu Miyamoto, Susanne Moebus, Thomas H Mosley, Ryan Muetzel, Thomas W Mühleisen, Manabu Nagata, Soichiro Nakahara, Nicholette D Palmer, Zdenka Pausova, Adrian Preda, Yann Quidé, William R Reay, Gennady V Roshchupkin, Reinhold Schmidt, Pamela J Schreiner, Kazuya Setoh, Chin Yang Shapland, Stephen Sidney, Beate St Pourcain, Jason L Stein, Yasuharu Tabara, Alexander Teumer, Anne Uhlmann, Aad Van Der Lugt, Meike W Vernooij, David J Werring, B Gwen Windham, A Veronica Witte, Katharina Wittfeld, Qiong Yang, Kazumichi Yoshida, Han G Brunner, Quentin Le Grand, Kang Sim, Dan J Stein, Donald W Bowden, Murray J Cairns, Ahmad R Hariri, Ching-Lung Cheung, Sture Andersson, Arno Villringer, Tomas Paus, Sven Cichon, Vince D Calhoun, Fabrice Crivello, Lenore J Launer, Tonya White, Peter J Koudstaal, Henry Houlden, Myriam Fornage, Fumihiko Matsuda, Hans J Grabe, M Arfan Ikram, Stéphanie Debette, Paul M Thompson, Sudha Seshadri, Hieab H H Adams

Journal Articles

The size of the human head is highly heritable, but genetic drivers of its variation within the general population remain unmapped. We perform a genome-wide association study on head size (N = 80,890) and identify 67 genetic loci, of which 50 are novel. Neuroimaging studies show that 17 variants affect specific brain areas, but most have widespread effects. Gene set enrichment is observed for various cancers and the p53, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. Genes harboring lead variants are enriched for macrocephaly syndrome genes (37-fold) and high-fidelity cancer genes (9-fold), which is not seen for human height variants. Head size …

Unsupervised Deep Representation Learning Enables Phenotype Discovery For Genetic Association Studies Of Brain Imaging, Khush Patel, Ziqian Xie, Hao Yuan, Sheikh Muhammad Saiful Islam, Yaochen Xie, Wei He, Wanheng Zhang, Assaf Gottlieb, Han Chen, Luca Giancardo, Alexander Knaack, Evan Fletcher, Myriam Fornage, Shuiwang Ji, Degui Zhi

Journal Articles

Understanding the genetic architecture of brain structure is challenging, partly due to difficulties in designing robust, non-biased descriptors of brain morphology. Until recently, brain measures for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consisted of traditionally expert-defined or software-derived image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) that are often based on theoretical preconceptions or computed from limited amounts of data. Here, we present an approach to derive brain imaging phenotypes using unsupervised deep representation learning. We train a 3-D convolutional autoencoder model with reconstruction loss on 6130 UK Biobank (UKBB) participants' T1 or T2-FLAIR (T2) brain MRIs to create a 128-dimensional representation known as Unsupervised Deep learning …

Gut Microbiota And Blood Metabolites Related To Fiber Intake And Type 2 Diabetes, Zheng Wang, Brandilyn A Peters, Bing Yu, Megan L Grove, Tao Wang, Xiaonan Xue, Bharat Thyagarajan, Martha L Daviglus, Eric Boerwinkle, Gang Hu, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Carmen R Isasi, Rob Knight, Robert D Burk, Robert C Kaplan, Qibin Qi

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Consistent evidence suggests diabetes-protective effects of dietary fiber intake. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the role of gut microbiota and host circulating metabolites, are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate gut microbiota and circulating metabolites associated with dietary fiber intake and their relationships with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS: This study included up to 11 394 participants from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos). Diet was assessed with two 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline. We examined associations of dietary fiber intake with gut microbiome measured by shotgun metagenomics (350 species/85 genera and 1958 enzymes; n=2992 at …

Amino Acid Formula Induces Microbiota Dysbiosis And Depressive-Like Behavior In Mice, Ji Hu, Kaixin He, Yifei Yang, Chuan Huang, Yiping Dou, Hao Wang, Guorong Zhang, Jingyuan Wang, Chaoshi Niu, Guoqiang Bi, Lan Zhang, Shu Zhu

Journal Articles

Amino acid formula (AAF) is increasingly consumed in infants with cow's milk protein allergy; however, the long-term influences on health are less described. In this study, we established a mouse model by subjecting neonatal mice to an amino acid diet (AAD) to mimic the feeding regimen of infants on AAF. Surprisingly, AAD-fed mice exhibited dysbiotic microbiota and increased neuronal activity in both the intestine and brain, as well as gastrointestinal peristalsis disorders and depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation from AAD-fed mice or AAF-fed infants to recipient mice led to elevated neuronal activations and exacerbated depressive-like behaviors compared to that …

Biomechanical Analysis Of The Maxillary Sinus Floor Membrane During Internal Sinus Floor Elevation With Implants At Different Angles Of The Maxillary Sinus Angles, Yinxin Deng, Ruihong Ma, Yilin He, Shujia Yu, Shiyu Cao, Kang Gao, Yiping Dou, Pan Ma

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed and compared the biomechanical properties of maxillary sinus floor mucosa with implants at three different maxillary sinus angles during a modified internal sinus floor elevation procedure.

METHODS: 3D reconstruction of the implant, maxillary sinus bone, and membrane were performed. The maxillary sinus model was set at three different angles. Two internal maxillary sinus elevation models were established, and finite element analysis was used to simulate the modified maxillary sinus elevation process. The implant was elevated to 10 mm at three maxillary sinus angles when the maxillary sinus floor membrane was separated by 0 and 4 mm. …

Aloe Vera Assisted Green Synthesis Of Ag And Cu Co-Doped Zno Nanoparticles And A Comprehensive Analysis Of Their Structural, Morphological, Optical, Electrical And Antibacterial Properties, Md Hasnat Rashid, Saiful Islam Sujoy, Md Saifur Rahman, Md Jahidul Haque

Journal Articles

This study investigates the potential of utilizing Aloe vera-assisted green synthesis with transition metal dopants of Ag and Cu for greater efficiency and sustainability in advanced scientific applications utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared using the co-precipitation method, maintaining a basic pH media of 10. Aloe vera gel extract was chosen for its acclaimed role as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its proven antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The XRD report revealed the hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of nanoparticles, exhibiting a crystallite size range of 17-23 nm with substantial alterations in lattice parameters, dislocation density, and bond lengths when …

Pilot Implementation Of A Nutrition-Focused Community-Health-Worker Intervention Among Formerly Chronically Homeless Adults In Permanent Supportive Housing, Jane E Hamilton, Diana C Guevara, Sara F Steinfeld, Raina Jose, Farrah Hmaidan, Sarah Simmons, Calvin W Wong, Clara Smith, Eva Thibaudeau-Graczyk, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

Food insecurity is a known health equity threat for formerly chronically homeless populations even after they transition into permanent housing. This project utilized a human-centered design methodology to plan and implement a nutrition-focused community-health-worker (CHW) intervention in permanent supportive housing (PSH). The project aimed to increase access to healthy foods, improve nutritional literacy, healthy cooking/eating practices, and build community/social connectedness among 140 PSH residents. Validated food-security screening conducted by CHWs identified low or very low food security among 64% of 83 residents who completed the baseline survey, which is similar to rates found in a previous study among formerly homeless …

Surgical Periodontal Management Of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Series Of Three Cases, Karo Parsegian, Roger M Arce, Nikola Angelov

Journal Articles

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a benign swelling of the gingival connective tissue commonly associated with dental biofilm and biofilm-retentive dental appliances. In the present case report, we described three cases of POF with different clinical presentations and treatment approaches. The treatment consisted of the removal of supra- and subgingival calculus, followed by a flap surgery with excision of the entire lesion ensuring the inclusion of the periosteal bed. The first patient developed POF during her pregnancy that remained clinically noticeable postpartum. The second case represented a rare case of POF appearing on the palatal aspect of the anterior maxilla …

Addressing Cervical Cancer Disparities In Texas: Expansion Of A Community-Based Prevention Initiative For Medically Underserved Populations, Samantha H Batman, Melissa L Varon, Maria Daheri, Tony Ogburn, Saul D Rivas, Laura Guerra, Paul A Toscano, Monica Gasca, Lori Campos, Savanah Foster, Melissa Martin, Marian Yvette Williams-Brown, Yvette Poindexter, Belinda Reininger, Mila P Salcedo, Andrea Milbourne, Bryan Fellman, Maria E Fernandez, Ellen Baker, Rose Gowen, Susan Fisher-Hoch, Ana M Rodriguez, Jessica Milan, Monica Pippin, Ernest Hawk, Kathleen M Schmeler

Journal Articles

Although cervical cancer is preventable, significant disparities exist in access to screening and prevention services. In medically underserved areas (MUAs) of Texas, these rates are 55% higher compared to the remainder of the US. In 2019, we expanded a multicomponent, comprehensive program to improve cervical cancer prevention in partnership with 13 clinics and mobile vans in MUAs of Texas. Our multicomponent intervention program consists of community education and patient navigation coupled with a training/mentoring program for local medical providers to perform diagnostic procedures and treatment for patients with abnormal screening results. Hands-on training courses to learn these skills are coupled …

Osteoarthritis Disease Severity In The Temporomandibular Joint And The Knee Joint: A Comparative Cadaveric Study, Jessica A Immonen, Jason Ciccotelli, Linh M Nguyen, Lesley Gilmer, Landen Broadhead, Mackenzie Kitchen, Conner Paul, Jeremy James

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the level of disease severity in a pilot cohort of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and compare them to the pathology findings previously characterized in cadaveric knee joints.

DESIGN: Thirty-one intact TMJs from 17 cadaveric donors were harvested and arthritic lesioning seen in the knee joint was investigated on the condyle and the fossa of the TMJ. Prevalence of gross alterations was equated and disease severity was determined for sex- and age-based donor pools using a validated, osteoarthritis (OA) disease severity scale (DSS). Knee joint DSS scores were also compared to the TMJ …

Patient Shielding During Dentomaxillofacial Radiography: Recommendations From The American Academy Of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology, Erika Benavides, Avni Bhula, Anita Gohel, Alan G Lurie, Sanjay M Mallya, Aruna Ramesh, Donald A Tyndall

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology established an ad hoc committee to draft evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidance for the application of patient contact shielding during dentomaxillofacial imaging.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The committee reviewed monographs and reports from radiation protection organizations and studies that reported radiation dose to gonads, breasts, and thyroid gland from dentomaxillofacial imaging.

RESULTS: Considering the absence of radiation-induced heritable effects in humans and the negligible dose to the gonads and fetus from dentomaxillofacial imaging, the committee recommends discontinuing shielding of the gonads, pelvic structures, and fetuses during all dentomaxillofacial radiographic imaging procedures. …

A Larval Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Model Of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia Coli Infections, Erika Flores, Erika Flores

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a broad term for chronic intestinal disorders that severely impact patient morbidity and quality of life. The global prevalence of IBD is rising, with over one million patients affected in the US alone. Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) is a pathobiont frequently found in IBD biopsies. AIEC adhere to and invade epithelial cells, and can survive inside macrophages in vitro. However, how AIEC contributes to IBD in vivo remains unclear. Here a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of AIEC was established, which facilitates the study of the …

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artificial Intelligence Pipeline For Oropharyngeal Cancer Radiotherapy Treatment Guidance, Kareem Wahid

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a widespread disease and one of the few domestic cancers that is rising in incidence. Radiographic images are crucial for assessment of OPC and aid in radiotherapy (RT) treatment. However, RT planning with conventional imaging approaches requires operator-dependent tumor segmentation, which is the primary source of treatment error. Further, OPC expresses differential tumor/node mid-RT response (rapid response) rates, resulting in significant differences between planned and delivered RT dose. Finally, clinical outcomes for OPC patients can also be variable, which warrants the investigation of prognostic models. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) techniques that incorporate simultaneous anatomical and functional information …

Plasma Metabolites Associated With Cognitive Function Across Race/Ethnicities Affirming The Importance Of Healthy Nutrition, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Shan He, Jan Bressler, Bing Yu, Wassim Tarraf, Casey M Rebholz, Jianwen Cai, Queenie Chan, Tanya P Garcia, Thomas Mosley, Bruce S Kristal, Charles Decarli, Myriam Fornage, Guo-Chong Chen, Qibin Qi, Robert Kaplan, Hector M González, Tamar Sofer

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: We studied the replication and generalization of previously identified metabolites potentially associated with global cognitive function in multiple race/ethnicities and assessed the contribution of diet to these associations.

METHODS: We tested metabolite-cognitive function associations in U.S.A. Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 2222) from the Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and in European (n = 1365) and African (n = 478) Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to assess causal associations between the metabolites and cognitive function and between Mediterranean diet and cognitive function.

RESULTS: Six metabolites were consistently associated …

Gingival Transcriptomic Patterns Of Macrophage Polarization During Initiation, Progression, And Resolution Of Periodontitis., Octavio A Gonzalez, Sreenatha S Kirakodu, Linh M Nguyen, Jeffrey L Ebersole

Journal Articles

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of macrophages is clearly a critical component of their effective functions in innate and adaptive immunity. This investigation hypothesized that altered profiles of gene expression in gingival tissues in health, disease, and resolution would reflect changes in macrophage phenotypes occurring in these tissues. The study used a nonhuman primate model to evaluate gene expression profiles as footprints of macrophage variation using a longitudinal experimental model of ligature-induced periodontitis in animals from 3 to 23 years of age to identify aging effects on the gingival environment. Significant differences were observed in distribution of expressed gene levels for …

Efficacy Of Delta Plate In Condylar Fracture: A Case Series With Review, Aniket Sarkar, Lahari Banerjee, Samiran Ghosh

Journal Articles

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular condylar fracture with a three dimensional stabilization has been a controversial topic in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Miniplates and many 3D plates have been used till now for fixation of condylar fracture and delta plate is one of them. Present literature has less evidence about which one is superior over another. We have tried to evaluate the clinical performance of the delta miniplate in this study. A total of 10 patients presenting mandibular condylar fracture were treated by ORIF using delta miniplate. Dimensional details were measured of 10 dry human mandibles. At …

Healthcare Provider's Perceived Self-Efficacy In Hpv Vaccination Hesitancy Counseling And Hpv Vaccination Acceptance, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Charles Darkoh, Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Wenyaw Chan, Paige Padgett Wermuth, Mala Pande, Sonia A Cunningham, Sanjay Shete

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: HPV vaccine hesitancy is a key contributor to the sub-optimal HPV vaccination uptake in the United States. We aimed to determine the association between healthcare providers' self-efficacy in HPV vaccination hesitancy counseling and HPV vaccination acceptance after initial and follow-up counseling sessions.

METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study of healthcare providers (HCPs) practicing in Texas. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds of HPV vaccination acceptance by vaccine-hesitant patients. Additionally, generalized estimating equations were used to compare HPV vaccination acceptance by hesitant patients after follow-up versus initial counseling sessions.

RESULTS: 1283 HCPs completed the survey with a mean (SD) …

A Coalition-Driven Examination Of Organization Capacity To Address Food Insecurity In Greater Houston: A Qualitative Research Study, Jemima C John, Jennifer Gonzalez, Sara-Grace Chan, Heidi Mcpherson, Jennifer N Aiyer, Esperanza Galvan, Nicole Browning, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Economic and social hardships have worsened food insecurity, particularly among low income and racial-ethnic minority groups. Given the core goal of the 150+ member Houston Health Equity Collective (HEC) to reduce food insecurity by 5% in 2025, we explored member organizations' capacity and challenges faced in screening and responding to food insecurity through care coordination efforts.

METHODS: A twice-administered Qualtrics XM survey (Provo, Utah) with 76 organizations, followed by five focus groups with 22 of these organizations, explored reach and response efforts to food insecurity. Qualitative assessments lasted between 0.5 to 1.5 h, were audio-recorded, cleaned, coded, and thematically …

Postoperative Pulmonary Complication As An Emerging Complication In Major Head And Neck Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Study, Ritoban S Bhowmick, Aniket Sarkar, Samiran Ghosh, Shamik Gope, Rittika Chakraborty

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are one of the most significant complications following head and neck cancer surgery (HNCS). Patients requiring tracheostomy, free tissue transfer reconstruction, and postoperative ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) may have a high incidence of PPCs. This study aimed to identify the most likely situations for developing PPCs in HNCS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 40 patients who had undergone HNCS has been conducted. We individually traced each patient for 7 days postoperatively and collected data on various parameters.

RESULT: The incidence of PPCs after HNCS is more with free flap reconstruction. …

Community-Based Tuberculosis Contact Management: Caregiver Experience And Factors Promoting Adherence To Preventive Therapy, Micaela Sandoval, Godwin Mtetwa, Tara Devezin, Debrah Vambe, Joyce Sibanda, Gloria S Dube, Thandeka Dlamini-Simelane, Bhekumusa Lukhele, Anna M Mandalakas, Alexander Kay

Journal Articles

Delivery of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for children with household exposure to tuberculosis is a globally supported intervention to reduce the impact of tuberculosis disease (TB) in vulnerable children; however, it is sub-optimally implemented in most high-burden settings. As part of a community-based household contact management program, we evaluated predictors of adherence to community based TPT in children and performed qualitative assessments of caregiver experiences. The Vikela Ekhaya (Protect the Home) project was a community-based household contact management program implemented between 2019 and 2020 in the Hhohho Region of Eswatini. At home visits, contact management teams screened children for TB, …

Design For A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate The Effects Of The Catch Healthy Smiles School-Based Oral Health Promotion Intervention Among Elementary School Children, Ru-Jye Chuang, Courtney Byrd-Williams, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Kila Johnson, Steven Kelder, Suchitra Nelson, Dania Mofleh, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The top two oral diseases (tooth decay and gum disease) are preventable, yet dental caries is the most common childhood disease with 68% of children entering kindergarten having tooth decay. CATCH Healthy Smiles is a coordinated school health program to prevent cavities for students in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade, and is based on the framework of Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH), an evidence-based coordinated school health program. CATCH has undergone several cluster-randomized controlled trials (CRCT) demonstrating sustainable long-term effectiveness in incorporating the factors surrounding children, in improving eating and physical activity behaviors, and reductions in obesity prevalence …

Hpv Vaccination Training Of Healthcare Providers And Perceived Self-Efficacy In Hpv Vaccine-Hesitancy Counseling, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Charles Darkoh, Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Wenyaw Chan, Paige Padgett Wermuth, Mala Pande, Sonia A Cunningham, Sanjay Shete

Journal Articles

HPV vaccine hesitancy is a key barrier to HPV vaccination. Using a population-based survey of HCPs practicing in Texas we determined the association between formal training of HCPs and perceived self-efficacy in counseling HPV vaccine-hesitant parents and adult patients. A total of 1283 HCPs completed the survey, with 879 providing vaccination services to pediatric patients and 1018 providing vaccination services to adult patients. Among HCPs included in this study, 405 of 577 (70%) and 315 of 505 (62%) perceived they were very/completely confident in counseling HPV vaccine-hesitant parents and adult patients, respectively. Compared to HCPs who received no training, those …

Unintended Consequences Of A Transition To Synchronous, Virtual Simulations For Interprofessional Learners, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer, Samuel E Neher, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Jennifer L Swails

Journal Articles

The coronavirus pandemic shifted in-person environments to virtual environments. Little is known about the effectiveness of fully synchronous, virtual interprofessional education (IPE). This study aims to compare two IPE cases that occurred in-person pre-pandemic and virtual during-pandemic. Two cases are analyzed: a medical error care and a charity care case. Participants were students from various health science disciplines. Assessments were captured through The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS). Effect sizes were calculated for the pre-and post-surveys and analyzed using Cohen's d for independent samples. From the in-person collection period, a total of 479 students participated in the medical error …

Pivoting The Biosafety Program In Response To Covid-19: Recommendations Of Key Services And Tasks To Consider For The Next Pandemic, Robert J Emery, Scott J Patlovich, Kristin G King, Janelle Rios

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid adjustment of work tasks was necessary for many biosafety programs (and other safety programs) to address drastic shifts in workload demands amid pandemic-related shutdowns and subsequent needs for supporting COVID-19-related safe work protocols, diagnostic testing, research, vaccine development, and so forth. From a program management standpoint, evaluating and understanding these tasks were critically important to ensure that appropriate support and resources were in place, especially during such unprecedented times of rapid change and significant impact to normal life and routine.

METHODS: Described here are examples of how the biosafety program …

Geriatric Cardiology: Coming Of Age, Parag Goyal, Min Ji Kwak, Christina Al Malouf, Manish Kumar, Namit Rohant, Abdulla A Damluji, Quin E Denfeld, Kim K Bircher, Ashok Krishnaswami, Karen P Alexander, Daniel E Forman, Michael W Rich, Nanette K Wenger, James N Kirkpatrick, Jerome L Fleg

Journal Articles

Older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) contend with deficits across multiple domains of health due to age-related physiological changes and the impact of CVD. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive changes, and diminished functional capacity, along with changes in the social environment, result in complexity that makes provision of CVD care to older adults challenging. In this review, we first describe the history of geriatric cardiology, an orientation that acknowledges the unique needs of older adults with CVD. Then, we introduce 5 essential principles for meeting the needs of older adults with CVD: 1) recognize and consider the potential impact of multicomplexity; 2) …

Impact Of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Assistance On Clinical Decision-Making Of Novice Dental Clinicians, Aaron Glick, Mackenzie Clayton, Nikola Angelov, Jennifer Chang

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Despite artificial intelligence (AI) being used increasingly in healthcare, implementation challenges exist leading to potential biases during the clinical decision process of the practitioner. The interaction of AI with novice clinicians was investigated through an identification task, an important component of diagnosis, in dental radiography. The study evaluated the performance, efficiency, and confidence level of dental students on radiographic identification of furcation involvement (FI), with and without AI assistance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two third- and 19 fourth-year dental students (DS3 and DS4, respectively) completed remotely administered surveys to identify FI lesions on a series of dental radiographs. The control …

Biological Treatment Usage In Patients With Hiv And Rheumatic Disease, 2003-2021: Long-Term Safety And Follow-Up, Benjamin Sornrung Naovarat, Gloria Salazar, Mariko Ishimori, Francis M Williams, John D Reveille

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the safety and efficacy of biological agents, especially tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, for HIV-positive rheumatology patients refractory to standard therapy.

METHODS: This study is a retrospective case series including patients derived from a community HIV clinic as well as from two academic centres. Initial visit data collected included: sociodemographic characteristics, CD4 counts, HIV viral load and medication use. Patients with persistent disease activity despite standard conservative therapy were begun on biological agents.The main outcomes were patient and physician global assessment of treatment response and medication side effects in patients with rheumatological disorders treated with biological …

Assessment Of Oral And Overall Health Parameters Using The Sillha Oral Wellness System, Shawn S Adibi, Ryan Hanson, David F Fray, Tania Abedi, Brianna Neil, Danielle Maher, Gena Tribble, Ben F Warner, Mary C Farach-Carson

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated use of a multipoint saliva analyzer to assess patient wellness in a contemporary dental practice setting.

STUDY DESIGN: Unstimulated saliva from a diverse 104 patient cohort was analyzed using the SillHa Oral Wellness System. The device measures the following 7 analytes present in the patient's oral rinse: cariogenic bacteria, acidity, buffer capacity, blood, leukocytes, protein, and ammonia. Data obtained were compared with validated clinical assessment data independently provided by credentialed dental professionals.

RESULTS: Measured leukocyte and protein levels were higher in patients with periodontal disease and/or deep gingival pockets. Patients with a history of cancer and/or …

A Community-Led Mobile Health Clinic To Improve Structural And Social Determinants Of Health Among (Im)Migrant Workers, Shannon Guillot-Wright, N Miles Farr, Ellie Cherryhomes

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Community-led interventions that address structural and social determinants of health are lacking among (im)migrant workers, especially seafood workers. This lack of medical attention is especially alarming given their high rate of injury and death.

METHODS: Community-based participatory research (CBPR), a relational model that values the participants as equal partners in research, dissemination, and implementation, guided the interviews and mobile clinic. Seafood workers were engaged throughout data collection, analysis, and interpretation and played a significant role in moving the findings from research into actionable change.

RESULTS: to address the lack of healthcare options for (im)migrants, and at the request of …