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Equivalence Of Students' Scores On Timed And Untimed Anatomy Practical Examinations., Guiyan Zhang, Bruce Fenderson, Richard R Schmidt, J J. Veloski

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Untimed examinations are popular with students because there is a perception that first impressions may be incorrect, and that difficult questions require more time for reflection. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that timed anatomy practical examinations are inherently more difficult than untimed examinations. Students in the Doctor of Physical Therapy program at Thomas Jefferson University were assessed on their understanding of anatomic relationships using multiple-choice questions. For the class of 2012 (n = 46), students were allowed to circulate freely among 40 testing stations during the 40-minute testing session. For the class of 2013 (n = 46), students …

Prefrontal Cortical Microcircuits Bind Perception To Executive Control, Ioan Opris, Lucas Santos, Greg A. Gerhardt, Dong Song, Theodore W. Berger, Robert E. Hampson, Sam A. Deadwyler

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

During the perception-to-action cycle, our cerebral cortex mediates the interactions between the environment and the perceptual-executive systems of the brain. At the top of the executive hierarchy, prefrontal cortical microcircuits are assumed to bind perceptual and executive control information to guide goal-driven behavior. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing simultaneously recorded neuron firing in prefrontal cortical layers and the caudate-putamen of rhesus monkeys, trained in a spatial-versus-object, rule-based match-to-sample task. We found that during the perception and executive selection phases, cell firing in the localized prefrontal layers and caudate-putamen region exhibited similar location preferences on spatial-trials, but less on …

Perception Of Mooney Faces By Young Infants: The Role Of Local Feature Visibility, Contrast Polarity And Motion, Yumiko Otsuka, Harold C. H Hill, So Kanazawa, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Branka Spehar

Harold Hill

We examined the ability of young infants (3- and 4-month-olds) to detect faces in the two-tone images often referred to as Mooney faces. In Experiment 1, this performance was examined in conditions of high and low visibility of local features and with either the presence or absence of the outer head contour. We found that regardless of the presence of the outer head contour, infants preferred upright over inverted two-tone face images only when local features were highly visible (Experiment 1a). We showed that this upright preference disappeared when the contrast polarity of twotone images was reversed (Experiment 1b), reflecting …

Decoding The Neural Mechanisms Of Human Tool Use., Jason P Gallivan, D Adam Mclean, Kenneth F Valyear, Jody C Culham

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Sophisticated tool use is a defining characteristic of the primate species but how is it supported by the brain, particularly the human brain? Here we show, using functional MRI and pattern classification methods, that tool use is subserved by multiple distributed action-centred neural representations that are both shared with and distinct from those of the hand. In areas of frontoparietal cortex we found a common representation for planned hand- and tool-related actions. In contrast, in parietal and occipitotemporal regions implicated in hand actions and body perception we found that coding remained selectively linked to upcoming actions of the hand whereas …

Perception Of Disease Risk And Vulnerability As A Function Of Proximity To National Park Boundaries In East Africa, Irene Bridget Feretti

Honors Theses and Capstones

Studies suggest households closest to parks and protected areas (PAs) are more likely to sustain park-related losses, but the relationship between human sickness and PAs has not been fully explored. Existing literature primarily focuses on human-wildlife conflicts (i.e. crop raiding) and the potential for zoonotic disease spillover and emergence at the human-livestock-wildlife interface at PA boundaries. Understanding local perceptions of disease risk and vulnerability is essential for assessing human health relative to conservation areas. This understanding will promote better-informed consideration of human health impacts in decision making for conservation. Data from surveys taken at 301 households around Kibale National Park …

Persepsi, Peluang Aksi, Dan Infomasi Serta Perilaku Pencegahan Malaria, Elviera Gamelia, Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti

Kesmas

Di dunia, malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara-negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus malaria terus memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang meningkat, salah satu daerah endemis malaria di Banyumas adalah Puskesmas II Sumpiuh. Berdasarkan survei pendahuluan masih banyak ditemukan perilaku berisiko yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadi malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat, kemungkinan aksi, dan informasi tentang malaria yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan malaria di Puskesmas Sumpiuh II Banyumas. Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini dilakukan pada populasi kepala keluarga di Puskesmas II Sumpiuh. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 95 kepala keluarga ditarik menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan …

Perception Of Slipperiness And Prospective Risk Of Slipping At Work, Theodore K. Courtney, Santosh K. Verma, Wen-Ruey Chang, Yueng-Hsiang Huang, David A. Lombardi, Melanye J. Brennan, Melissa J. Perry

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Objectives: Falls are a leading cause of injury at work, and slipping is the predominant cause of falling. Prior research has suggested a modest correlation between objective measures (such as coefficient of friction, COF) and subjective measures of slipperiness (such as worker perceptions) in the workplace. However, the degree of association between subjective measures and the actual risk of slipping at the workplace is unknown. This study examined the association between perception of slipperiness and the risk of slipping.

Methods: 475 workers from 36 limited-service restaurants participated in a 12-week prospective cohort study. At baseline, demographic information was collected, participants …

Awareness Of Academic Incivility: Comparison Utilizing Second Year Associate Degree Nursing Students, Myra T. Thompson

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Academic incivility is a growing concern on college campuses ranging from rude behaviors, offensive language, and cheating, to hostile violent behaviors. A quantitative descriptive design was used to compare the awareness of perceptions regarding academic incivility among fourth semester nursing students currently enrolled in a private, Christian, Baptist-related university, and a rural public community college. As evidenced in the literature, uncivil behaviors in the classroom negatively impact the teaching-learning environment. Research is limited regarding academic incivility in the private institution. An identifiable gap in research is found when comparing awareness of academic incivility among students who attend a private institution …

Creating A Culture Change Through A Unit-Based Coaching Model For Improved Effectiveness Of A Safe Patient Handling Program, Nancy Kirchner

Theses and Graduate Projects

Nurses have one of the highest work-related musculoskeletal injury rates of any profession. Much research has been done to define the high-risk nature of patient handling and further to describe the necessary components of a Safe Patient Handling (SPH) program. Despite the evidence and the purchase of equipment, overall musculoskeletal injury rates remain high among nurses and nursing assistants in the United States. New strategies are needed to incorporate safe patient handling into everyday practices of healthcare providers to create a culture of safety. The purpose of this project is to develop and implement a SPH unit-based coaching metaphor and …

Identifying Environmental Health Priorities In Underserved Populations: A Study Of Rural Versus Urban Communities, M. C. Bernhard, M. B. Evans, S. T. Kent, E. Johnson, S. L. Threadgill, S. M. Becker

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives- Understanding and effectively addressing persistent health disparities in minority communities requires a clear picture of members' concerns and priorities. This study was intended to engage residents in urban and rural communities in order to identify environmental health priorities. Specific emphasis was placed on how the communities: defined the term environment; their perceptions of environmental exposures as affecting their health; specific priorities in their communities; and differences in urban versus rural populations.

Study design- A community-engaged approach was used to develop and implement focus groups and compare environmental health priorities in urban versus rural communities.

Methods- A total of eight …

Selected College Students' Perceptions, Knowledge And Awareness Of Sexual Abuse Of Children, Farhiya A. Muse

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research was to assess and evaluate selected college students' perception of and knowledge and awareness about sexual abuse of children. In order to collect data a 29-item survey was developed and administered to students in selected classrooms in Minnesota State University, Mankato campus regarding their perception, knowledge, awareness, and prevention strategies of sexual abuse of children; as well as demographic information. The findings from the quantitative analysis for each research question are presented in this study. The findings of the study indicated there were college students who do have much knowledge and awareness about sexual abuse …