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A Scoping Review Of Risk And Protective Factors For Negative Cannabis Use Consequences, Timothy J. Grigsby, Andrea Lopez, Larisa Albers, Christopher J. Rogers, Myriam Forster

Social & Behavioral Health Faculty Publications

Objective:

Numerous reviews have examined risk and protective factors for alcohol-related negative consequences, but no equivalent review of risk and protective factors exists for cannabis-related negative consequences (CRNCs)-a gap filled by the present study. This scoping review examined survey-based research of risk and protective factors for CRNCs such as neglecting responsibilities, blacking out, or needing more cannabis.

Methods:

Three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed manuscripts published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2021. A qualitative synthesis was performed using the matrix method and the results were organized using the socioecological model as a framework. …

Comparing The Effectiveness Of Cannabis Use And Opioid Use In Palliative Care Patients, Olivia Grace Finley, Brooke Chalmers, Caroline Spencer, Katherine Lewis

Non-Thesis Student Work

This project aims to study the efficacy of the use of marijuana versus opioids for pain management in patients over 65 years old on palliative care. Palliative care is defined as an approach that focuses on improving the quality of care of seriously ill people and their families (Wallerstedt et. al., 2019). Opioids have been a reliable form of chronic pain relief in the past, but since the legalization of marijuana in some states, it has been presented as an alternative. A search was conducted using key words including marijuana, opioids, palliative care, and pain management. …

Marijuana Liberalization And Public Finance: A Capital Market Perspective On The Passage Of Medical Use Laws, Stephanie F. Cheng, Gus De Franco, Pengkai Lin

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We find that the staggered passage of state-level laws that legalize marijuana for medical use increases states' borrowing costs by 7–9 basis points. Consistent with economic theory on substance use suggesting that marijuana legalization increases local consumption of the drug (by expanding its availability and reducing its perceived risks), we predict and find that increased consumption represents an important mechanism that explains the higher state bond spreads. We also show that following such laws’ passage, states incur higher marijuana-consumption-related expenditures, including for police, corrections, and public welfare.

Adolescent Thc Usage In Virginia: Post-Legalization Challenges And Strategies For Schools, David Naff, Meg Sheriff, Jill Flynn, Marzia Farhana, Kris Herakovich-Curtis, Gerron Scott, Fred Gatty, Priyadarshini Pattath, Diane Williams, Kiana Bradford, Reena Desai, Lauren Powell, Lisa Gwyn

MERC Publications

Recreational marijuana was legalized for anyone over the age of 21 in Virginia in 2021. This research and policy brief explores evidence of the impact of such legalization on Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) usage in PK-12 aged youth, including smoking, vaping, edibles, and dabbing. It addresses the following questions: 1) What are the recent trends in marijuana usage among PK-12 aged youth? 2) What are the impacts of THC usage in schools, particularly after legalization? 3) How can schools and school systems effectively respond to THC usage? 4) What are relevant federal, state, and school division policies that guide responses to youth …

Reducing Nausea With Medical Marijuana In Adult Patients Receiving Iv Chemotherapy, Katelyn R. Miller, Katie Harder, Angie Timms, Mia Pothier

Non-Thesis Student Work

The use of medical marijuana has been a trending topic in recent years. As marijuana and THC become legalized in numerous states, there has been more consideration for providers to prescribe THC to patients. One specific population that benefits from the use of medical THC are patients in chemotherapy because of the nausea these patients experience. The question arises: does medical marijuana edibles consumed before IV chemotherapy treatment decrease or eliminate the need for nausea medication such as Zofran in adults over 18 years of age? A literature search was conducted on CINAHL, OneSearch, and Nursing Reference Center Plus using …

Incidence Of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome In An Urban Emergency Department Setting, Muhammad Ahmed, James Paxton

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction:

Cannabis is a psychoactive drug that is widely used for both medicinal and recreational purposes. Despite its traditional use as an antiemetic, emerging evidence suggests a possible association between excessive cannabis usage and the incidence of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), a condition characterized by otherwise unexplained cyclic abdominal pain and vomiting. Although previous studies have been done in mixed-race or primarily Caucasian populations, our study focuses on an urban, predominantly African-American population. We aim to measure the incidence of CHS among patients presenting to two urban Detroit emergency departments, including a descriptive analysis on apparent demographic and behavioral risk …

Impact Of The Policy Environment On Substance Use Among Sexual Minority Women, Laurie A. Drabble, Cat Munroe, Amy A. Mericle, Sarah Zollweg, Karen F. Trocki, Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Sexual minority women (SMW) are at greater risk for heavy episodic drinking, frequent marijuana use, and tobacco use than heterosexual women. Because past research has suggested the political and social environment may influence disparities in substance use by sexual orientation, this study examined associations of the U.S. state-level policy environment on substance use by SMW.

Methods: A total of 732 SMW participants were recruited from two national online panels: a general population panel (n = 333) and a sexual minority-specific panel (n = 399). Past year substance use was defined by number of days of heavy episodic drinking (HED; …

Lifetime Cannabis Use Is Associated With Suicidal Ideation And Non-Suicidal Self Injury, Diamonde Mccollum, Katie Moskal, Jenni Teeters

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

Poster regarding cannabis use.

The current study hypothesized lifetime cannabis use frequency would be linked to greater risk of lifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime non-suicidal self injury.

Frequency Of Marijuana Use By California University Students Based On Gender And Ethnicity: A Quantitative Analysis, Evelyn Lorraine Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to determine the frequency of marijuana use by California university students based on gender and ethnicity. This study was important because marijuana is the most used illicit substance in the United States, and there is limited research regarding the demographic characteristics of California university students who use marijuana. The quantitative research design was used to describe the patterns of marijuana use by California university students. The setting was online. The participants included a random sample of 167 college students from five California state universities. The Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and …

Classical And Neural Network Machine Learning To Determine The Risk Of Marijuana Use, Laura Zoboroski [*], Torrey J. Wagner, Brent T. Langhals

Faculty Publications

Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug for military personnel tested at the Air Force Drug Testing Laboratory. A publicly available dataset of drug use, personality trait scores and demographic data was modeled with logistic regression, decision tree and neural network models to determine the extent to which marijuana use can be predicted using personality traits. While the logistic regression model had lower performance than the neural network model, it matched the sensitivity of prior work (0.80), achieved a high level of significance (p < 0.05) and yielded valuable inferences. It implied that younger, less educated individuals who exhibit sensation-seeking behavior and are open to experience tend to be at higher risk for THC use. A method for performing an iterative multidimensional neural network hyperparameter search is presented, and two iterations of a 6-dimensional search were performed. Metrics were used to select a family of 8 promising models from a cohort of 4600 models, and the best NN model’s 0.87 sensitivity improved upon the literature. The model met an f1 overfitting threshold on the test and holdout datasets, and an accuracy sensitivity analysis on a holdout-equivalent dataset yielded a 95% CI of 0.86 ± 0.04. These results have the potential to increase the efficacy of drug prevention and intervention programs.

Associations Of Cannabis Use Disorder With Cognition, Brain Structure, And Brain Function In African Americans, Marinka M. G. Koenis, Joke Durnez, Amanda Rodrigue, Samuel R. Mathias, Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch, Jennifer Barrett, Gaelle E. Doucet, Sophia Frangou, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Although previous studies have highlighted associations of cannabis use with cognition and brain morphometry, critical questions remain with regard to the association between cannabis use and brain structural and functional connectivity. In a cross-sectional community sample of 205 African Americans (age 18–70) we tested for associations of cannabis use disorder (CUD, n = 57) with multi-domain cognitive measures and structural, diffusion, and resting state brain-imaging phenotypes. Post hoc model evidence was computed with Bayes factors (BF) and posterior probabilities of association (PPA) to account for multiple testing. General cognitive functioning, verbal intelligence, verbal memory, working memory, and motor speed were …

Validating A Predictive Model Of Cannabinoid Inheritance With Feral, Clinical, And Industrial Cannabis Sativa, Jonathan P. Wenger, Clemon J. Dabney, Mahmoud A. Elsohly, Suman Chandra, Mohamed M. Radwan, Chandrani G. Majumdar, George D. Weiblen

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America Premise: How genetic variation within a species affects phytochemical composition is a fundamental question in botany. The ratio of two specialized metabolites in Cannabis sativa, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), can be grouped into three main classes (THC-type, CBD-type, and intermediate type). We tested a genetic model associating these three groups with functional and nonfunctional alleles of the cannabidiolic acid synthase gene (CBDAS). Methods: We characterized cannabinoid content and assayed CBDAS genotypes of >300 feral C. sativa plants in Minnesota, …

Ambivalence In How To Address Adolescent Marijuana Use Among School-Based Health Center Providers, Rachel A. Sebastian, Lara M. Gunderson, Cathleen E. Willging, Mary M. Ramos

2020 Pediatric Research Forum Session

Objective:

As part of a larger study to evaluate the implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) at school-based health centers (SBHCs), we interviewed SBHC providers regarding their perceptions of substance use among adolescents seen at their SBHCs, experiences providing care for students with substance use and other mental health issues, and their concerns around marijuana specifically.

Methods:

We interviewed 12 primary and behavioral health providers who worked at five SBHCs in New Mexico. The interviews lasted approximately 1 hour and were digitally recorded and professionally transcribed. Two research team members independently analyzed the transcripts. We undertook …

Screening For More Than 1,000 Pesticides And Environmental Contaminants In Cannabis By Gc/Q-Tof, Philip L. Wylie, Jessica Westland, Mei Wang, Mohamed M. Radwan

Faculty and Student Publications

A method has been developed to screen cannabis extracts for more than 1,000 pesticides and environmental pollutants using a gas chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC/Q-TOF). An extraction procedure was developed using acetonitrile with solid phase extraction cleanup. Before analysis, extracts were diluted 125:1 with solvent. Two data mining approaches were used together with a retention-time-locked Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL) containing high-resolution accurate mass spectra for pesticides and other environmental pollutants. (1) A Find-by-Fragments (FbF) software tool extracts several characteristic exact mass ions within a small retention time window where the compound …

Post-Traumatic Stress And Marijuana Outcomes: The Mediating Role Of Marijuana Protective Behavioral Strategies, Hallie R. Jordan, Michael B. Madson, Adrian J. Bravo, Matthew R. Pearson

Faculty Publications

Background: The present study investigated the mediating role of protective behavioral strategies for marijuana (PBSM) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and marijuana outcomes (i.e. marijuana use frequency, marijuana use quantity, cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms, and marijuana-related problems).

Methods: Participants were 1,107 traditional age college students (M_age = 20.26, SD = 3.32; 66.5% White, non-Hispanic; 68.8% female), who reported consuming marijuana at least once in the last 30 days and completed measures of PTSD symptoms, PBSM, and marijuana-related outcomes.

Results: PBSM significantly mediated the positive relationships between PTSD symptoms and both CUD symptoms and marijuana-related …

Description Of The Attitudes, Knowledge And Beliefs On Marijuana In Undergraduate Students Compared To Nursing Undergraduate Students, Maifrak Sobrino

Honors Scholar Theses

Introduction: The use of marijuana has drastically increased over the years. Not only is marijuana being used to treat personal symptoms, but some women use marijuana to manage pregnancy-related symptoms.

Objective: To discover the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of marijuana in the undergraduate student population at the University of Connecticut.

Method: A cross sectional study conducted through Qualtrics using a 15-questions survey, including 5-point Likert scale questions and 5 yes/no questions.

Result: Forty-nine non-nursing students completed the survey. Non-nursing students in comparison to the population as a whole agreed that marijuana use was okay (M = 3.959, SD = …

Attitudes, Knowledge And Beliefs On Marijuana Use In Pregnant Women In Undergraduate Nursing Students, Jordyn Witkins

Honors Scholar Theses

Introduction: Due to the decriminalization of marijuana use by states in the United States, marijuana use has drastically increased in the general populations and in women who are pregnant. During prenatal care, nurses provide education about pregnancy and fetal development.

Objective: This study explore the attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of undergraduate nursing students on marijuana use for individuals and during pregnancy.

Method: The study design was cross-sectional survey with 15-question survey using Likert scale and yes/no questions. Nursing students and non-nursing undergraduate students responses were compared.

Results: Sixty-four nursing students (female, n=50) completed the survey. Nursing students in comparison to …

Marijuana And Depression, Pratik Sharma, Ramona Stone

Public Health Sciences Student Work

Purpose: As the country struggles to address an epidemic of alcohol and E-cigarette, a wide-ranging category of natural substance “marijuana” have provoked a new sense of public urgency over the past decade. Notwithstanding the federal ban, selling and use of non-medical marijuana continues to escalate due to state legalization process. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine the relationship between marijuana use and depression.

Methods: The 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (CDC) data was used to test the association between marijuana use and depression. This nationally representative weighted sample included N=62,769 adults ages 14 years or …

Screening For Depression Among A Sample Of Us College Students Who Engage In Recreational Prescription Opioid Misuse, Robert E. Davis, Martha A. Bass, M. Allison Wade, Vinayak K. Nahar

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Among student populations, literature has identified associations between prescription opioid misuse and symptoms of depression such as hopelessness, sadness, and emotional pain. Thus far, existing literature has yet to investigate associations between prescription opioid misuse and depression using validated screening instruments for depression when exploring such associations. The purpose of this study was to utilize a validated screening tool to explore quantifiable presence of depression among college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse (RPOM). Additionally, gender differences in depression and co-occurring substance use are examined. Methods: Students (n = 104) of a large …

Gender Differences In Marijuana-Related Problems Among Those Who Self-Reported Daily Smoking And Marijuana Use, Justin Ho

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

In 2012, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported about 5.2% of its respondents using tobacco and marijuana, with strong evidence of increasing marijuana use among tobacco users.¹ While smoking cigarettes has been shown to cause lung cancer,² additional studies associate habitual marijuana smoking with abnormal airway tissue histology, impeded airway conductance,³ decreased memory, psychomotor speed, and manual dexterity.⁴ Cigarette smoking and marijuana use are shown to have similar withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and depression,^2,5 meaning that this example of polysubstance dependence could become a valid public health concern, especially with …

Outcomes Of Prenatal Marijuana Use, Sierra Clark

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Holistic therapy is becoming a national trend and a lot of people are turning to marijuana for its potential benefits. Even pregnant women are using marijuana to manage nausea and vomiting. 1 Currently, medical marijuana is legal in 33 states and the District of Columbia, with 10 states also legalizing its recreational use. 1 In the US, between 16.2% of pregnant women are using marijuana daily.2 In a study surveying 785 pregnant women, 79% reported perceiving little to no harm in prenatal marijuana use.3 Due to the increase in its use and the common perception of being harmless, it is …

Marijuana Use And Mental Health Among Emergency Department Patients, Megan Hanna

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S. with an increasing number of users in recent years.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify common reasons for marijuana use and any relationship between its use and mental health among Emergency Department (ED) patients. Methods: A total of 303 ED patients participated from the Miami Valley Hospital Emergency Department. Eligible participants included those with any marijuana use. Subjects were administered a survey which identified age of first use, reasons for use, and presence of anxiety and depression …

Cannabis-Induced Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Coincidence Or Not?, Eric Landa, Erika Vigandt, Alexander Andreev, Yury Malyshev, Sonu Sahni

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

Marijuana, derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States. Now, more than ever, due to changing regulations, marijuana is more readily available and is known to be habitually used by millions. The neuropsychiatric effects of marijuana are well-known which include chronic fatigue syndrome and polyphagia. However, marijuana is also known to exert cardiac effects, such as tachycardia, hypotension, and hypertension. Marijuana has also been described in association with atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest. However, acute coronary syndromes, such as myocardial infarction in the setting of marijuana use, is rare. …

Driving While High, Page D. Dobbs, Michael Smith, David T. Rolfe

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

As of May 2019, ten U.S. states and Washington DC have legalized non-medical/recreational use of cannabis. With increased access to legal marijuana across the country, some have raised concerns regarding unintended implications of these policies, such as the risk of motor vehicle crashes, which is the leading cause of mortality and injury among youth and young adults. Driving under the influence of marijuana is particularly concerning among young adults and college students, due to the increased level of substance use reported during the transition from high school to post-high school environments, such as college.

Dissociation Between The Growing Opioid Demands And Drug Policy Directions Among The U.S. Older Adults With Degenerative Joint Diseases, Pearl Kim Phd, Takashi Yamashita Phd, Mph, Ma, Jay J. Shen Phd, Seong-Min Park Phd, Sung-Youn Chun Phd, Sun Jung Kim Phd, Mhsa, Jinwook Hwang Md, Phd, Se Won Lee Md, Georgia Dounis Dds, Ms, Hee-Taik Kang Md, Phd, Yong-Jae Lee Md, Phd, Dong-Hun Han Dds, Phd, Ji Eun Kim Phd, Hyeyoung Yeom Md, David Byun Do, Tsigab Bahta Md, Ji Won Yoo Md

Public Health Faculty Publications

We aim to examine temporal trends of orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors in the nation and states of Oregon and Washington where marijuana legalization was accepted earlier than any others. As aging society advances in the United States (U.S.), orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors increase in the nation. A serial cross-sectional cohort study using the healthcare cost and utilization project fast stats from 2006 through 2015 measured annual rate per 100,000 populations of orthopedic operations by age groups (45–64 vs 65 and older) as well as annual rate per 100,000 populations of opioid-related hospital …

Associations Of First Trimester Co-Use Of Tobacco And Cannabis With Prenatal Immune Response And Psychosocial Well-Being, Kristin Ashford, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Andrea Mccubbin, Amanda T. Wiggins, Sheila Barnhart, Joshua A. Lile

Perinatal Research and Wellness Center Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe the association of first trimester co-use of tobacco and cannabis with maternal immune response and psychosocial well-being, relative to tobacco use only.

METHODS: A preliminary midpoint analysis included 138 pregnant women with biologically verified tobacco use, 38 of whom (28%) also tested positive for recent cannabis use. Maternal perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and serum immune markers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, CRP, MMP8), were collected, although cytokine data were only available for 122 women.

RESULTS: Participant average age was 29.1 years, approximately half had a high …

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: An Unrecognized Cause Of Nausea And Vomiting, Tiffany Smith, Anne Walsh, Christopher Forest

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Articles and Research

Cannabis has long been used for medical and recreational purposes because of its antiemetic, analgesic, and mood effects. Ironically, chronic use of cannabis can result in paradoxical effects, including a condition known as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Patients with this syndrome often are seen in the ED with cyclic vomiting, nausea, and epigastric pain. Although the definitive treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is discontinuing the causative agent, medical management that includes rehydration is important to prevent complications. Common antiemetic medications are ineffective, but some studies have shown haloperidol and lorazepam to be effective in treating acute symptoms.

Cannabis And Psychosis Through The Lens Of Dsm-5, Nathan T. Pearson, James H. Berry

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Evidence for an association between cannabis and psychosis has been documented in literature in many forms including experimental studies, epidemiological data, and case series. The association has implications for psychotic outcomes ranging from mild to severe and occurring over minutes to years. Due to the huge variety of exposures and outcome measures reported, creating a coherent account of all the available information is difficult. A useful way to conceptualize these wide-ranging results is to consider the association between cannabis and psychosis as it occurs within the context of widely used DSM-5 diagnoses. In the present review we examine cannabis/psychosis associations …

Are There Mortality Risks For Patients With Epilepsy Who Use Cannabis Treatments As Monotherapy?, Devon M Kollmyer, Kyla E Wright, Nicole M Warner, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Mortality associated with cannabis used for treatment of epilepsy is not well documented. We discuss two fatalities in the setting of epilepsy and self-determined therapy with cannabis (SDTC). One patient had probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the second death was due to seizure-associated drowning. Both directed SDTC over conventional anti-seizure medications. Where recreational cannabis is legal, decisions to use cannabis are often self-directed and independent of physician advice of cannabis risks, in part because physicians may not be aware of the risk of SDTC. Further study of morbidity and mortality of SDTC in patients with epilepsy is needed.

Executive Summary: A Comprehensive Report On Marijuana: Focus On The Paso Del Norte Region, Gabriel Frietze, Nora Hernandez, José O. Rivera

Departmental Papers (Pharmacy)

No abstract provided.