Digital Commons Network^™

The Relation Of Dietary Patterns To Future Survival, Health, And Cardiovascular Events In Older Adults, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

BACKGROUND: There have been few long-term follow-up studies of older adults who follow different dietary patterns. METHODS: We cluster-analyzed data on dietary fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate, and calorie consumption from the U.S. Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age=73), and examined the relationship of the dietary clusters to outcomes 10 years later. RESULTS: The five clusters were named "Healthy diet" (relatively high in fiber and carbohydrate and low in fat), "Unhealthy diet" (relatively high in protein and fat, relatively low in carbohydrates and fiber); "High Calorie," "Low Calorie," and "Low 4," which was distinguished by higher alcohol consumption. The clusters were strongly …

Amygdala Hyperreactivity In Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications For Emotional Dysregulation, Nelson H. Donegan, Charles A. Sanislow, Hilary P. Blumberg, Robert K. Fulbright, Cheryl Lacadie, Pawel Skudlarski, John C. Gore, Ingrid R. Olson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Bruce E. Wexler

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

BACKGROUND: Disturbed interpersonal relations and emotional dysregulation are fundamental aspects of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The amygdala plays important roles in modulating vigilance and generating negative emotional states and is often abnormally reactive in disorders of mood and emotion. The aim of this study was to assess amygdala reactivity in BPD patients relative to normal control subjects. We hypothesized that amygdala hyperreactivity contributes to hypervigilance, emotional dysregulation, and disturbed interpersonal relations in BPD.

METHODS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined neural responses to 20-sec blocks of neutral, happy, sad, and fearful facial expression (or a fixation point) in 15 …

Clinical Features And Impairment In Women With Borderline Personality Disorder (Bpd) With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd), Bpd Without Ptsd, And Other Personality Disorders With Ptsd, Caron Zlotnick, Dawn M. Johnson, Shirley Yen, Cynthia Battle, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Donna S. Bender, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The aims of this study were to examine differences in clinical features, impairment, and types of childhood traumas among women with borderline personality disorder (BPD), women with BPD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and those with other personality disorders and PTSD. Using baseline data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders, 186 women were divided into 3 groups (BPD+PTSD, BPD, PTSD), based on structured diagnostic interviews for Axis I and Axis II disorders and compared on selected clinical variables. The additional diagnosis of PTSD in borderline women did not significantly increase the degree of borderline pathology and psychiatric morbidity …

Imputation Of Missing Longitudinal Data: A Comparison Of Methods, Paula Diehr, Jean Mundahl Engels

Paula Diehr

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Missing information is inevitable in longitudinal studies, and can result in biased estimates and a loss of power. One approach to this problem is to impute the missing data to yield a more complete data set. Our goal was to compare the performance of 14 methods of imputing missing data on depression, weight, cognitive functioning, and self-rated health in a longitudinal cohort of older adults. METHODS: We identified situations where a person had a known value following one or more missing values, and treated the known value as a "missing value." This "missing value" was imputed using …

Genome-Wide Scan For Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Ldl Size And Plasma Triglyceride In Familial Hypertriglyceridemia, Melissa A. Austin, Karen L. Edwards, Stephanie A. Monks, Kent M. Koprowicz, John D. Brunzell, Arno G. Motulsky, Michael C. Mahaney, James E. Hixson

Kent M Koprowicz

No abstract provided.

Gender Differences In Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Dawn M. Johnson, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Cynthia L. Battle, Caron Zlotnick, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S. Bender, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

A majority of the literature on borderline personality disorder (BPD) focuses on its occurrence in women or does not specifically assess for gender differences in clinical presentations. Some studies report that men with BPD may be more likely to be diagnosed with substance use disorders, as well as paranoid, passive-aggressive, narcissistic, sadistic, and antisocial personality disorders (PDs). Additionally, women with BPD appear to be more likely to report histories of adult physical and sexual abuse and to meet diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders. The purpose of the present study was to further examine gender differences …

Educating The Public About Stroke: Role In Improving Outcomes, Richard N. Bradley

Richard N Bradley

Acute stroke affects large numbers of people worldwide. It causes significant morbidity and mortality. Data support the hypothesis that the public is not familiar with either the risk factors or the signs of stroke. Educating the public about stroke may result in a lower incidence of the disease as individuals modify their risk factors, and in improved outcomes as a result of reductions in delays to treatment. There is clear and convincing evidence that reducing delays to treatment of patients with acute stroke results in improved outcomes. Public education programs should be broad-based, tailored to individual audiences, and carry a …

Dna Fingerprinting Abnormalities Can Distinguish Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Dysplasia And Cancer From Those Who Are Dysplasia/Cancer-Free , Ru Chen, Peter S. Rabinovitch, David A. Crispin, Mary J. Emond, Kent M. Koprowicz, Mary P. Bonner, Teresa A. Brentnall

Kent M Koprowicz

No abstract provided.

Representations Of Therapists By Patients With Personality Disorders, Donna S. Bender, Barry A. Farber, Charles A. Sanislow, Ingrid R. Dyck, Jesse D. Geller, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The purpose of this study was to investigate attributes of mental representations of therapists by patients with specific personality disorders (PDs), schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD), and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD), and a comparison group with Major Depressive Disorder and no PD (MDD). The Therapist Representation Inventory-II (TRI) measured characteristics of participants' extra-session thoughts about their therapists. Results showed that patients with STPD had the highest level of mental involvement with therapy outside the session, missing their therapists and wishing for friendship, while also feeling aggressive or negative. Patients with BPD exhibited the most difficulty in creating a benign image of …

Correlates Of Suicide Risk In Juvenile Detainees And Adolescent Inpatients, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Dwain C. Fehon, Seth R. Axelrod, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVE: To compare correlates of risk for suicidal behavior in juvenile detainees with those in another high-risk group, adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

METHOD: Eighty-one adolescents in a short-term juvenile detention center were contrasted with a matched group of 81 adolescent psychiatric inpatients on a clinical assessment battery of established instruments including a measure for risk of suicidal behavior.

RESULTS: Juvenile detainees and adolescent psychiatric inpatients reported similar levels of distress on measures of suicide risk, depression, impulsivity, and drug abuse. After controlling for depression, impulsivity and drug abuse remained significantly associated with suicide risk scores in the juvenile detention group, but …

Peer Rejection And Social Information-Processing Factors In The Development Of Aggressive Behavior Problems In Children, Reid G. Fontaine, Kenneth A. Dodge, Jennifer E. Lansford, Virginia Salzer Burks, John E. Bates, Gregory S. Pettit, Joseph M. Price

Reid G. Fontaine

The relation between social rejection and growth in antisocial behavior was investigated. In Study 1,259 boys and girls (34% African American) were followed from Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6-8 years) to Grades 5 to 7 (ages 10-12 years). Early peer rejection predicted growth in aggression. In Study 2,585 boys and girls (16% African American) were followed from kindergarten to Grade 3 (ages 5-8 years), and findings were replicated. Furthermore, early aggression moderated the effect of rejection, such that rejection exacerbated antisocial development only among children initially disposed toward aggression. In Study 3, social information-processing patterns measured in Study 1 …

The Press For Help Project Concept, Program And Working Paper Of Emmanuel Mario B Santos And His Marc Guerrero Communications Inc., Emmanuel Mario B. Santos Aka Marc Guerrero

Emmanuel Mario B Santos aka Marc Guerrero

FORETHOUGHT. DECLARATION OF IDEAOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES. VISION. MISSION. VALUES. GOALS. BASIC HELP project. EDUCATIONAL HELP project. MEDICAL HELP project. LEGAL HELP project. EMERGENCY HELP project. LIVELIHOOD HELP project. SPIRITUAL and CULTURAL HELP project. ENVIRONMENTAL HELP project. REENGINEERING HELP project. INTERNATIONAL HELP project. QUADRO CREDO Matthew 5.1-12, the Jerusalem Bible. The Universal Filipino Beatitudes. SALIN SA FILIPINO. DESIDERATA. AFTERTHOUGHT.

Will You Remember Me In The Morning? Test-Retest Reliability Of A Social Network Analysis Examining Hiv-Related Risky Behavior In Urban Adolescents And Young Adults, Scott Clair, Jean J. Schensul, Monika Raju, Edward J. Stanek, Raul Pino

Edward J. Stanek

In recent years there has been a growing interest in applying social network models to the problem of adolescent substance use. However, there has been little research conducted examining the reliability of social network information within this population. The current study attempts to address this gap, specifically by examining social network test-retest reliability over a two week period among a sample of adolescent substance users. The results of the current study suggest that for social network variables dealing with substance use, reliabilities are at least moderate with correlations of.6 or above. However, there is a large degree of turnover with …

Men's Anger: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Its Meaning In A Middle Class Sample Of American Men, Sandra Thomas

Sandra Thomas

This study explored the meaning of men's anger, using the methodology of eidetic (descriptive) phenomenology. A community sample of 19 middle-class American men, ranging in age from 20 to 50 years, participated in audiotaped interviews. Two prominent themes, right versus wrong and being controlled versus having control, were contextualized by the world in which masculinity has been socially constructed and emotion is regulated accordingly. Interwoven throughout anger narratives were descriptors of the intense physical arousal felt within the body. Time was an important contextual ground for men's anger experience, with sharp contrasts drawn between anger then and now. Findings suggest …

A Prospective Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Smoking Dosage And Body Mass Index In An Adolescent, Biracial Cohort., Theodore V. Cooper, R. C. Klesges, L. Robinson, S. Zbikowski

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Emergency Operations Rural Household Food And Livelihood Security Baseline: Midland And Masvingo Provinces, Zimbabwe. Care., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment. Care., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Factors Influencing Women’S Use Of Health Services For Sexually Transmitted Infections In Eastern Nepal, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Krishna Poudel, Colin Macdougall

Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar

Hiding In Plain Sight: A Practical Guide To Identifying Victims Of Trafficking In The United States, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

Underlying Causes Of Livelihood Insecurity Among The Poor In Malawi: The Testing Of Five Hypotheses. Care., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Livelihood Monitoring For Southeast Bangladesh. Care., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

African American Student Athletes' Perceptions Of Career Transition In Sport: A Qualitative And Visual Elicitation, Keith Harrison

Dr. C. Keith Harrison

This study focuses on 26 African American athletes and explores their perceptions of athletic career transition. Participants consisted of student athletes from a United States National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division IIA institution in the Southeastern region. Participants completed the Life After Sports Scale (LASS), a 58-item inventory utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively examine seven different domains which influence perceptions of the career transition process. The scope of this inquiry examines the qualitative domain of the LASS in which participants were visually primed with a narrative description of a student athlete that has made transition out of sport successfully. Five …

Black Men Who Have Sex With Men And The Hiv Epidemic: Next Steps For Public Health, David J. Malebranche

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Plausibility And Possible Determinants Of Sudden 'Remissions' In Borderline Patients, John G. Gunderson, Donna S. Bender, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Jennifer Bame Rettew, Regina Dolan-Sewell, Ingrid R. Dyck, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

THIS STUDY documents dramatic improvements in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and explores their possible determinants. From a sample of the 160 carefully diagnosed borderline patients on whom prospective follow-along data was collected, a subsample of 18 was identified whose DSM-IV criteria count fell to two or fewer during the course of the first 6 months of the study and retained that improvement for the next 6 months. Follow-along data including month-by-month ratings of BPD criteria; week-by-week ratings of Axis I disorders, medication changes, and life events were then used to establish concensus ratings on four hypothesized causes: Axis …