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Patient- And Population-Level Health Consequences Of Discontinuing Antiretroviral Therapy In Settings With Inadequate Hiv Treatment Availability, April D. Kimmel, Stephen C. Resch, Xavier Anglaret, Norman Daniels, Sue J. Goldie, Christine Daniel, Angela Y. Wong, Kenneth A. Freedberg, Milton C. Weinstein

Health Behavior and Policy Publications

Background

In resource-limited settings, HIV budgets are flattening or decreasing. A policy of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV treatment failure was modeled to highlight trade-offs among competing policy goals of optimizing individual and population health outcomes.

Methods

In settings with two available ART regimens, we assessed two strategies: (1) continue ART after second-line failure (Status Quo) and (2) discontinue ART after second-line failure (Alternative). A computer model simulated outcomes for a single cohort of newly detected, HIV-infected individuals. Projections were fed into a population-level model allowing multiple cohorts to compete for ART with constraints on treatment capacity. In the …

One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish: Effects Of Price Frames, Brand Names, And Choice Set Size In Medicare Part D Insurance Plan Decisions, Andrew J. Barnes, Yaniv Hanoch, Stacey Wood, Pi-Ju Liu, Thomas Rice

Health Behavior and Policy Publications

Because many seniors choose Medicare Part D plans offering poorer coverage at greater cost, the authors examined the effect of price frames, brand names, and choice set size on participants' ability to choose the lowest cost plan. A 2×2×2 within-subjects design was used with 126 participants aged 18 to 91 years old. Mouselab, a web-based program, allowed participants to choose drug plans across eight trials that varied using numeric or symbolic prices, real or fictitious drug plan names, and three or nine drug plan options. Results from the multilevel models suggest numeric versus symbolic prices decreased the likelihood of choosing …