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Outcomes Of Care By Hospitalists, General Internists, And Family Physicians, Peter K. Lindenauer, Michael B. Rothberg, Penelope Susan Pekow, Christopher Kenwood, Evan M. Benjamin, Andrew D. Auerbach

Penelope Susan Pekow

Background: The hospitalist model is rapidly altering the landscape for inpatient care in the United States, yet evidence about the clinical and economic outcomes of care by hospitalists is derived from a small number of single-hospital studies examining the practices of a few physicians.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 76,926 patients 18 years of age or older who were hospitalized between September 2002 and June 2005 for pneumonia, heart failure, chest pain, ischemic stroke, urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute myocardial infarction at 45 hospitals throughout the United States. We used …

America Competes Act, United States

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

The full text of the America COMPETES Act. See Sec. 7008. Postdoctoral Research Fellows, and Sec. 7009. Responsible Conduct of Research.

Ethics Across The Curriculum Modules For Eac Toolkit Workshops, William J. Frey, Jose A. Cruz-Cruz

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

This collection of modules has been designed to show how the Ethics Across the Curriculum Toolkit project provides for the preparation and pairing of student and instructor modules. These modules have been brought together and paired to aid in Toolkit demonstrations designed for faculty developement workshops in ethics across the curriculum.

Abstract by author.

Ethics Bowl Competition As Capstone Activity For Practical And Professional Ethics Classes, William J. Frey, Jose A. Cruz-Cruz

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

In Connexions, a course is both a course (what is offered in a school curriculum) and a collection of modules. This course as a collection of modules has been designed to pull together the modules published in Connexions by this author for the purpose of showing different aspects of the Ethics Bowl competition and how it can be used in a university course on practical and professional ethics. The Ethics Bowl concept comes from Robert Ladenson of the Illinois Institute of Technology. Through the Association of Practical and Professional Ethics, the Ethics Bowl competition has been carried out nationally for …

Using Case Studies In Teaching Research Ethics, Kenneth D. Pimple

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

No abstract provided.

Gestational Weight Gain And Child Adiposity At Age 3 Years, Emily Oken, Elsie M. Taveras, Ken P. Kleinman, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Matthew W. Gillman

Public Health Department Faculty Publication Series

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of gestational weight gain with child adiposity.

STUDY DESIGN

Using multivariable regression, we studied associations of total gestational weight gain and weight gain according to 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines with child outcomes among 1044 mother-child pairs in Project Viva.

RESULTS

Greater weight gain was associated with higher child body mass index z-score (0.13 units per 5 kg [95% CI, 0.08, 0.19]), sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses (0.26 mm [95% CI, 0.02, 0.51]), and systolic blood pressure (0.60 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.06, 1.13]). Compared with inadequate …

A Satscan Macro Accessory For Cartography (Smac) Package Implemented With Sas Software, Allyson M. Abrams, Ken P. Kleinman

Public Health Department Faculty Publication Series

BACKGROUND:

SaTScan is a software program written to implement the scan statistic; it can be used to find clusters in space and/or time. It must often be run multiple times per day when doing disease surveillance. Running SaTScan frequently via its graphical user interface can be cumbersome, and the output can be difficult to visualize.

RESULTS:

The SaTScan Macro Accessory for Cartography (SMAC) package consists of four SAS macros and was designed as an easier way to run SaTScan multiple times and add graphical output. The package contains individual macros which allow the user to make the necessary input files …

Changes In Physical Activity From Walking To School, John Sirard, Sofiya Alhassan, Tirzah Spencer, Thomas Robinson

Sofiya Alhassan

No abstract provided.

Speech Intelligibility In Cochlear Implant Simulations: Effects Of Carrier Type, Interfering Noise, And Subject Experience, Nathaniel A. Whitmal Iii, Sarah F. Poissant, Richard L. Freyman, Karen S. Helfer

Karen S Helfer

Channel vocoders using either tone or band-limited noise carriers have been used in experiments to simulate cochlear implant processing in normal-hearing listeners. Previous results from these experiments have suggested that the two vocoder types produce speech of nearly equal intelligibility in quiet conditions. The purpose of this study was to further compare the performance of tone and noise-band vocoders in both quiet and noisy listening conditions. In each of four experiments, normal-hearing subjects were better able to identify tone-vocoded sentences and vowel-consonant-vowel syllables than noise-vocoded sentences and syllables, both in quiet and in the presence of either speech-spectrum noise or …

Milk Consumption And The Prepubertal Somatotropic Axis, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Michael N. Pollak, Erika K. Nakamoto, Ken Kleinman, Uush Tserendolgor, Walter C. Willett, A Lindsay Frazier

Public Health Department Faculty Publication Series

Background

Nutrients, hormones and growth factors in dairy foods may stimulate growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and raise the ratio of IGF-I to its binding protein, IGFBP-3. We conducted pilot studies in Mongolia and Massachusetts to test the extent to which milk intake raised somatotropic hormone concentrations in prepubertal children.

Methods

In Ulaanbaatar, we compared plasma levels before and after introducing 710 ml daily whole milk for a month among 46 10–11 year old schoolchildren. In a randomized cross-over study in Boston, we compared plasma hormone levels of 28 6–8 year old girls after one week of …