Digital Commons Network^™

Hdl Subfraction Changes With A Low-Fat, Plant-Based Complete Health Improvement Program (Chip), Lillian Kent, Ross Grant, Greg Watts, Darren Morton, Paul Rankin, Ewan Ward

Ross Grant

Background and Objectives: Low HDL concentrations are considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Interventions promoting a low-fat, plant-based eating pattern appear to reduce CVD risk while paradoxically also reducing HDL concentrations. Recent studies show HDL to comprise a range of subfractions, but the role these play in ameliorating the risk of CVD is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterise changes in HDL subfractions in participants where HDL decreased following the CHIP intervention which promotes a low-fat, plant-based diet, with physical activity. Methods and Study Design: Individuals (n=22; mean age=55.4±16.3 years; 45.5% men, 54.5% women) participating …

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Increases Nad+ Production In Ifn-Γ–Stimulated Human Primary Mononuclear Cells, Ross Grant

Ross Grant

IFN-γ activation of mononuclear phagocytes significantly increases indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and flux through the kynurenine pathway (KP). However, the effect of IDO on NAD+ synthesis, the end product of KP metabolism, is unknown. To investigate this, primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured up to 10 days and activated with IFN-γ in the presence or absence of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Day 10 macrophages had significantly higher NAD+ levels compared with monocytes. IFN-γ activation of macrophages resulted in the highest induction of IDO but decreased intracellular NAD+ concentrations at both 24 and 48 hours. However, IFN-γ activation of …

High Protein Intake Is Associated With Low Plasma Nad+ Levels In A Healthy Human Cohort, Neda Seyedsadjadi, Jade Berg, Ayse A. Bilgin, Nady Braidy, Chris Salonikas, Ross Grant

Ross Grant

High protein intake and reduced levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) have both been independently associated with promotion of the ageing phenotype. However, it has not yet been shown whether these two independent observations are biochemically linked. To investigate this possibility, we used a cross-sectional study design of 100 apparently healthy middle-aged males (n = 48) and females, in which we assessed average dietary intakes of multiple components using a validated questionnaire. We also analysed fasting blood levels of urea, NAD⁺ and its metabolites, and inflammation-linked biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), Kynurenine (Kyn), and …

A Pilot Study Providing Evidence For A Relationship Between A Composite Lifestyle Score And Risk Of Higher Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Is There A Link To Oxidative Stress?, Neda Seyedsadjadi, Jade Berg, Ayse A. Bilgin, Ross Grant

Ross Grant

Lifestyle behaviours have been closely linked to the progressive cell damage associated with oxidative stress (OS) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early detection of lifestyle-linked OS may therefore be useful in the early identification of prodromal disease. To test this hypothesis, this study assessed the relationship between a comprehensive redox balance lifestyle score (RBLS) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a recognized marker for CVD, and plasma biomarkers of OS. In a cross-sectional study design, 100 apparently healthy middle-aged participants were asked to complete a comprehensive lifestyle questionnaire, followed by DXA scanning, CIMT ultrasonography, and blood collection. The RBLS …

Statins Do Not Impair Whole-Body Fat Oxidation During Moderate-Intensity Exercise In Dyslipidemic Adults, Maria A. Matuszek, Ross Grant

Ross Grant

Objectives:

Some lipid-lowering agents, for example, nicotinic acid and fibrates, decrease an individual’s ability to oxidise fat during exercise. However, it is unclear whether statins affect whole-body fat oxidation during exercise in patients. This study investigated whether fatty acid oxidation is impaired in a dyslipidemic population, while walking at a moderate intensity.

Methods:

Patients (n=16), walked for 45 minutes on a treadmill at 50% of their estimated VO2max, in the absence and presence of their prescribed statin. Fat oxidation was investigated by examining respiratory data, and circulating plasma glycerol and free fatty acids.

Results:

Analysis of respiratory data indicated a …