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Design And Manipulation Of A Power-Generating System With High-Temperature Fuel Cells For Hypersonic Applications, Jack Randolph Chalker
Design And Manipulation Of A Power-Generating System With High-Temperature Fuel Cells For Hypersonic Applications, Jack Randolph Chalker
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Current hypersonic vehicles tend to be incapable of producing onboard power with traditional generators due to their use of supersonic combusting ramjets (scramjets). Because of this, they seek additional energy sources for supporting advanced electronics or other auxiliary power-dependent devices while requiring elaborate thermal management systems to combat temperatures exceeding 700ºC. The incorporation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFCs) stacks is an efficient solution, capable of generating large quantities of power through the use of natural fuel sources at high temperatures. Developments in this thesis include the design, construction, and support of a system operating at hypersonic-environment conditions with a …
Analytical And Experimental Investigation Of Time-Variant Acceleration Fields, Justin A. Williams
Analytical And Experimental Investigation Of Time-Variant Acceleration Fields, Justin A. Williams
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Devices expected to operate in elevated or non-standard acceleration fields are often tested in similar conditions prior to deployment. Typically these tests only simulate steady-state acceleration fields in one direction. However, real acceleration fields often vary both directionally and temporally. Designing experiments to produce these conditions requires careful forethought and analysis in order to understand the emergent acceleration components that result from the methodology. An experiment was designed and executed on a horizontal centrifuge in which the radial acceleration varied sinusoidally between -10 < a_r < 10 g. Negative acceleration was achieved by rotating the test article relative to the radial acceleration vector using a servo motor. A model was developed that predicted the acceleration field at every point along the test article. The model provided important information such as the acceleration magnitude and direction anywhere on the test device at any point in time. This model was then used to optimize the velocity profile of the servo motor to minimize experimental artifacts.
Adaptive Identification Of Classification Decision Boundary Of Turbine Blade Mode Shape Under Geometric Uncertainty, Ian M. Boyd
Adaptive Identification Of Classification Decision Boundary Of Turbine Blade Mode Shape Under Geometric Uncertainty, Ian M. Boyd
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Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBR) of aircraft turbine engines suffer from fluctuations in the dynamic response that occurs due to blade to blade geometric deviations. The Stochastic Approach for Blade and Rotor Emulation (SABRE) framework has been used to enable a probabilistic study of mistuned blades in which a reduced order modeling technique is applied in conjunction with sets of surrogate models, called emulators, to make predictions of mistuned mode shapes. SABRE has proven useful for non-switching mode shapes. However, switching mode shapes have non-stationary or discontinuous response surfaces which reduce the accuracy of the surrogate models used in SABRE. To …
Simulation, Experimentation, Control And Management Of A Novel Fuel Thermal System, Austin L. Tipton
Simulation, Experimentation, Control And Management Of A Novel Fuel Thermal System, Austin L. Tipton
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Modern aircraft experience increasing thermal loads from electronics, electromechanical actuators, and directed energy weapons. These aircraft also have a reduced ability to transfer thermal energy to the atmosphere due to the use of composite skins and a limited number of air intake ports. For aircraft that use fuel as a heatsink, these factors can cause the fuel at points of the system to exceed temperature limits, which can result in fuel coking, damage to subsystems, and even complete system failure. This thesis investigates the fuel thermal management shortcomings of contemporary aircraft systems and suggests a new methodology to extend performance. …
Development Of A Computer Program For Transient Heat Transfer Coefficient Studies, Sri Prithvi Samrat Samayamantula
Development Of A Computer Program For Transient Heat Transfer Coefficient Studies, Sri Prithvi Samrat Samayamantula
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At the present time, the magnitude of transient convective heat transfer is approximated using heat transfer coefficient correlations developed for steady state conditions. This is done by necessity, as transient heat transfer correlations are not readily available. There is a rare transient heat transfer correlation found in the literature, but the number of correlations available can be counted on one hand. In addition, the literature does provide some plots of Nusselt numbers for specific cases of transient convective heat transfer, but these are limited to the specific case for which they were developed. The work presented in this thesis is …
Power/Thermal Interaction Within An Adaptive Turbine Engine, Andrew K. Desomma
Power/Thermal Interaction Within An Adaptive Turbine Engine, Andrew K. Desomma
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Usually power take off (PTO) with a two-spool turbofan engine has been accomplished via the high pressure (HP) shaft and bleed air from the high-pressure compressor (HPC). The PTO is used to run various aircraft components such as generators and hydraulic pumps, which also produce waste heat. To better understand the coupled transient nature of balancing engine thrust, power take off and thermal management, a transient variable cycle three stream turbofan engine model has been developed to investigate the integrated behavior. The model incorporates many dynamic features including a third-stream heat exchanger as a heat sink for thermal management and …
Aerodynamics Of Fan Blade Blending, Clint J. Knape
Aerodynamics Of Fan Blade Blending, Clint J. Knape
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Blending is a method of fan and compressor blade repair. The goal of the blending process is to remove stress concentration points such as cracks and nicks along the leading, trailing, or tip edges of the blade. The stressed areas are typically removed by grinding or cropping away the surrounding material. For integrally bladed rotor (IBR) disks, repairing a damaged blade is much more economical than replacing the entire disk. However, the change in shape of the blade will change the local aerodynamics and result in mistuning, both structurally and aerodynamically. In a worst case scenario, the change in the …
An Investigation On Spur Gear Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack Initiation And Crack Propagation Under Ehl Condition, Vignesh Dharmajan
An Investigation On Spur Gear Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack Initiation And Crack Propagation Under Ehl Condition, Vignesh Dharmajan
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Pitting is a rolling contact fatigue phenomenon commonly observed in mechanical rolling elements, such as gears and bearings. In case of gear contacts, pitting usually takes place in the dedendum region, where both sliding and contact load are high. In this study, a model is developed to predict surface breaking crack formation fatigue lives, including both nucleation and propagation stages, for spur gear contacts operating under mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition. The model utilizes a gear load distribution model for tooth contact Analysis. A mixed EHL formulation is implemented to evaluate the surface normal pressure and tangential shear, incorporating the …
Fabrication And Characterizations Of Lithium Aluminum Titanate Phosphate Solid Electrolytes For Li-Based Batteries, Anurag Yaddanapudi
Fabrication And Characterizations Of Lithium Aluminum Titanate Phosphate Solid Electrolytes For Li-Based Batteries, Anurag Yaddanapudi
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Demands for electric vehicles and flexible electronics have escalated research in developing high-performance lithium batteries based on solid-state chemistry. The present work is to develop highly-conductive and flexible solid electrolyte for such applications. Lithium aluminum titanate phosphate (LATP or Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3), both in ceramic pellets and free-standing composite membranes, have been fabricated. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and ionic conductivity are systematically studied. LATP pellets are prepared using solid state reaction approach. The results indicate that calcine temperature has significant impacts on the phase impurity and sintering temperature and duration have more impacts on the grain size and porosity of LATP …
Development And Thermal Management Of A Dynamically Efficient, Transient High Energy Pulse System Model, Nathaniel J. Butt
Development And Thermal Management Of A Dynamically Efficient, Transient High Energy Pulse System Model, Nathaniel J. Butt
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As technology advances, the abilities of civilian and military vehicles, both air and ground, will undoubtedly increase as well. One of the main areas of improvement is in the electronics area. The new electronics are ever smaller, use ever higher amounts of electrical power, and require ever smaller temperature tolerances. This leads to the problem of effectively managing the increasing thermal loads and temperature tolerances on these systems. One electronic system that causes concern is a high energy pulse system (HEPS). These devices have very high thermal loads (100s of kW). On an air vehicle, where thermal management by legacy …
Design Optimization Of A Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contour For A High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine Blade, Jacob Allen Dickel
Design Optimization Of A Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contour For A High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine Blade, Jacob Allen Dickel
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Various approaches have been used to shape the geometry at the junction of the endwall and the blade profile in high-lift low-pressure turbine passages in order to reduce the endwall losses. This thesis will detail the workflow to produce an optimized non-axisymmetric endwall contour design for a front-loaded high-lift research turbine profile. Validation of the workflow was performed and included a baseline planar and test contour case for a future optimization study. Endwall contours were defined using a series of Bezier curves across the passage to create a smooth surface. A parametric based approach was used to develop the test …
Influence Of Fdm Build Parameters On Tensile And Compression Behaviors Of 3d Printed Polymer Lattice Structures, Sai Avinash Yadlapati
Influence Of Fdm Build Parameters On Tensile And Compression Behaviors Of 3d Printed Polymer Lattice Structures, Sai Avinash Yadlapati
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This research focuses on the compression and tensile behavior of three-dimensional printed polymer lattice structures with different printing parameters such as build orientation, infill density, and layer thickness. The body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice unit cell, which has been extensively investigated for energy absorption applications, is considered here to create compression and tensile specimens. Special test fixture was designed and developed to perform the tensile tests. The specimens were printed using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer material on a Stratasys uPrint 3D printer. The printing parameters considered in this case are: (a) Three different build orientations (0, 45 and 90 degrees); …
Identification Of Nonlinear Constitutive Properties Of Damping Coatings, Mackenzie E. Tidball
Identification Of Nonlinear Constitutive Properties Of Damping Coatings, Mackenzie E. Tidball
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Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance actions are a significant cost for gas turbines. Advanced life prediction capabilities help to mitigate these costs. However, the protective thermal and damping coatings applied to the turbine rotors which can help significantly extend component life simultaneously increase the difficulty of modeling the behavior of the components due to the nonlinearity they introduce.This research approaches modeling and analysis of nonlinear coatings for turbine blades and blisks using a nonlinear constitutive law model for the coating. The theoretical frequency response of the nonlinear system is solved for using the harmonic balance method. The coefficients of the nonlinear …
Layer-To-Layer Physical Characteristics And Compression Behavior Of 3d Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Metastructures Fabricated Using Different Process Parameters, Sivani Patibandla
Layer-To-Layer Physical Characteristics And Compression Behavior Of 3d Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Metastructures Fabricated Using Different Process Parameters, Sivani Patibandla
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, a subset of additive manufacturing, is currently being explored heavily for actual part fabrication due to its ability to create complex objects with intricate internal features. There are several 3D printing technologies; however, the extrusion-based technology such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the widely used one owing to its low cost. The FDM method can be used to fabricate parts with different fill densities, fill patterns, and process parameters such as extruder temperature and print speed. In this research, influence of process parameters such as extruder temperature and speed on the physical characteristics such as the …
Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis And Optimization Techniques For Scramjet Engine Design, Nathan T. Mcgillivray
Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis And Optimization Techniques For Scramjet Engine Design, Nathan T. Mcgillivray
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Various aspects of hypersonic vehicles are being rapidly explored for improved functionality. One of the main areas of consideration is the fueling of a Supersonic Combusting Ramjet (scramjet) engine. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), computer simulations can be performed to analyze the flow physics of a scramjet. In this research, an optimization code, Dakota, is integrated with the CFD to optimize a set of parameters to maximum thrust. In this study, the fuel injection and combustion is replaced with heat sources. This simplification greatly reduces the computational requirements. Additionally, the 3D geometry is reduced to an axisymmetric 2D geometry because …
Constitutive Modeling Of Creep In Leaded And Lead-Free Solder Alloys Using Constant Strain Rate Tensile Testing, Eric Thomas Stang
Constitutive Modeling Of Creep In Leaded And Lead-Free Solder Alloys Using Constant Strain Rate Tensile Testing, Eric Thomas Stang
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Environmental and safety concerns have necessitated a phase-out of lead-based alloys, which are often used in electronics solder applications. In order to properly assess suitable replacement materials, it is necessary to understand the deformation mechanisms relevant to the application. In the case of electronics solder, creep is an important mechanism that must be considered in the design of reliable devices and systems. In this study, Power-Law and Garofalo constitutive creep models were derived for two medium temperature solder alloys. The first alloy is known by the commercial name Indalloy 236 and is a quaternary alloy of lead, antimony, tin, and …
Design Of A Novel Tissue Culture System To Subject Aortic Tissue To Multidirectional Bicuspid Aortic Valve Wall Shear Stress, Janet Liu
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Blood vessels experience complex hemodynamics marked by three-dimensionality and pulsatility. Arterial endothelial cells interact with the characteristics of the fluid wall shear stress (WSS) to maintain homeostasis or promote disease states. In particular, the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), a congenital heart valve anatomy consisting of two leaflets instead of three, is associated with aortic complications presumably promoted by hemodynamic abnormalities. While devices have been used to test this hypothesis, their capabilities are limited to the generation of time-varying WSS magnitude in one direction. However, the increased flow helicity generated by BAVs in the aorta is expected to result in increased …
In Vitro Assessment Of The Effects Of Valvular Stenosis On Aorta Hemodynamics And Left Ventricular Function, Ashish Madan
In Vitro Assessment Of The Effects Of Valvular Stenosis On Aorta Hemodynamics And Left Ventricular Function, Ashish Madan
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Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) is the most common valvular heart disease and is associated with aortopathy and ventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamic alterations due CAS could affect the aorta lining (endothelium), that is in direct contact with the blood, triggering adverse biological responses that may possibly cause aortic dilation and dissection. Also, CAS could impose excessive ventricular load leading to ventricular wall thickening, thus putting an individual at a higher risk of heart attack or stroke. These pathophysiological effects of CAS are highly dependent on the degree of calcification. However, the impact of CAS development on aorta flow and left ventricular workload …
Fabrication And Characterizations Of Lagp/Peo Composite Electrolytes For All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jeremy J. Lee
Fabrication And Characterizations Of Lagp/Peo Composite Electrolytes For All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jeremy J. Lee
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With the rise of electric vehicles and increasing dependence on mobile electronics, the demands for lithium-ion batteries have followed in tandem for their high energy and power densities. However, traditional lithium-ion batteries consisting of liquid electrolytes have limited operating temperatures and are susceptible to ignition and subsequent fires. Recently, battery research has diverged into solid state chemistry to address the aforementioned issues. In this research, we systematically investigate a series of ceramic/polymer lithium-ion conducting composite electrolytes, i.e. Li1.4Al0.4Ge1.6(PO4)3 /lithiated polyethylene oxide (LAGP/PEO). Lithiated PEO was prepared with two different lithium salts, LiBF4 and LITFSI. The impacts of the LAGP on …
Measurement Of Unsteady Characteristics Of Endwall Vortices Using Surface-Mounted Hot-Film Sensors, Emma Michelle Veley
Measurement Of Unsteady Characteristics Of Endwall Vortices Using Surface-Mounted Hot-Film Sensors, Emma Michelle Veley
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High-lift low-pressure turbine blades produce significant losses at the junction with the endwall. The losses are caused by several complex three-dimensional vortical flow structures, which interact with the blade suction surface boundary layer. This study investigates the unsteady characteristics of these endwall flow structures on a highly loaded research profile and the adjacent endwall using surface-mounted hot-film sensors. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed linear cascade wind tunnel. The front-loaded blade profile was subjected to three different inlet conditions, consisting of two turbulence levels, and three incoming boundary layer thicknesses. Multiple surface-mounted hot-film sensors were installed throughout the passage. This …
Low Velocity Impact And Rf Response Of 3d Printed Heterogeneous Structures, Sandeep Keerthi
Low Velocity Impact And Rf Response Of 3d Printed Heterogeneous Structures, Sandeep Keerthi
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, a form of Additive manufacturing (AM), is currently being explored to design materials or structures with required Electro-Mechanical-Physical properties. Microstrip patch antennas with a tunable radio-frequency (RF) response are a great candidate for 3D printing process. Due to the nature of extrusion based layered fabrication; the processed parts are of three-layer construction having inherent heterogeneity that affects structural and functional response. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the anisotropy in dielectric properties of AM fabricated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) substrates in the RF domain and resonant frequencies of associated patch antennas and …
Analysis And Sensitivity Study Of Zero-Dimensional Modeling Of Human Blood Circulation Network, Roussel Rahman
Analysis And Sensitivity Study Of Zero-Dimensional Modeling Of Human Blood Circulation Network, Roussel Rahman
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The systemic circulation has a large number of vessels; therefore, 3-D simulation of pulse-wave propagation in the entire cardiovascular system is difficult and computationally expensive. Zero-Dimensional (Zero-D) and One-Dimensional (1-D) models are simplified representations of the cardiovascular network; they can be coupled as supplements to regional 3-D models for closed-loop multi-scale studies or be simulated as self-sufficient representations of the blood-flow network. Unlike Zero-D models, 1-D models can provide linear space-wise information for the vessels. However, Zero-D models can prove to be more useful in particular cases; as flexibility in adjusting parameters facilitate in tailoring the model to specific needs. …
Design And Testing Of Scalable 3d-Printed Cellular Structures Optimized For Energy Absorption, Sagar Dilip Sangle
Design And Testing Of Scalable 3d-Printed Cellular Structures Optimized For Energy Absorption, Sagar Dilip Sangle
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Sandwich panel structures are widely used due to their high compressive and flexural stiffness and strength-to-weight ratios, good vibration damping, and low through-thickness thermal conductivity. These structures consist of solid face sheets and low-density cellular core structures that are often based upon honeycomb topologies. Interest in additive manufacturing (AM), popularly known as 3D printing (3DP), has rapidly grown in past few years. The 3DP method is a layer-by-layer approach for the fabrication of 3D objects. Hence, it is very easy to fabricate complex structures with complex internal features that cannot be manufactured by any other fabrication processes. Due to the …
Dynamic Modeling And Simulation Of A Variable Cycle Turbofan Engine With Controls, Robert W. Buettner
Dynamic Modeling And Simulation Of A Variable Cycle Turbofan Engine With Controls, Robert W. Buettner
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Next generation aircraft (especially combat aircraft) will include more technology and capability than ever before. This increase in technology comes at the price of higher electrical power requirements and increased waste heat that must be removed from components to avoid overheating induced shutdowns. To help combat the resulting power and thermal management problem, a vehicle level power and thermal management design and optimization toolset was developed in MATLAB®/Simulink®. A dynamic model of a three-stream variable cycle engine was desired to add to the capabilities of the power and thermal management toolset. As an intermediate step to this goal, the dynamic …
Resilience And Toughness Behavior Of 3d-Printed Polymer Lattice Structures: Testing And Modeling, Mohammed Al Rifaie
Resilience And Toughness Behavior Of 3d-Printed Polymer Lattice Structures: Testing And Modeling, Mohammed Al Rifaie
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This research focuses on the energy absorption capability of additively manufactured or 3D printed polymer lattice structures of different configurations. The Body Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice structure is currently being investigated by researchers for energy absorption applications. For this thesis, the BCC structure is modified by adding vertical bars in different arrangements to create three additional configurations. Four designs or sets of the lattice structure are selected for comparison including BCC, BCC with vertical bars added to all nodes (BCCV), BCC with vertical bars added to alternate nodes (BCCA), and BCC with gradient arrangements of vertical bars (BCCG). Both experimental …
Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion System For Nasa Next Generation Aircraft, Hashim H. Abada
Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion System For Nasa Next Generation Aircraft, Hashim H. Abada
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Next generation aircraft, more specifically NASA aircraft concepts, will include new technologies and make many advancements in fuel economy and noise. However, there are some challenges associated with the latest technologies that NASA is planning to use for the next generation aircraft. For example, these aircraft concepts require large amounts of electrical power to generate the required thrust throughout a notional flight profile. One of the new technologies is using advanced propulsion systems, such as the Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) system, which is significantly different from current aerospace high bypass turbofan based propulsion system. The TeDP propulsion system replaces the …
Development Of Guidance Laws For A Reduced Order Dynamic Aircraft Model, Jack W. Brendlinger
Development Of Guidance Laws For A Reduced Order Dynamic Aircraft Model, Jack W. Brendlinger
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A set of guidance control laws has been developed for enabling three distinct modes of operation of a reduced order dynamic aircraft model. These include 1) a waypoint following control law, 2) a trajectory tracking control law, and 3) a set of kinematically constrained control laws for reaching a commanded altitude, speed or heading. The formulation of the reduced order model is presented so that the capabilities and limitations of the model are understood, and so that the interface architecture between the controllers and the plant is clearly defined. The controller formulations are then presented, together with sample results. The …
An Automated Controller Design Methodology For Six Degree-Of-Freedom Aircraft Models, Dominic J. Dierker
An Automated Controller Design Methodology For Six Degree-Of-Freedom Aircraft Models, Dominic J. Dierker
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This thesis presents an automated design methodology for development of six degree-of-freedom aircraft controllers. The essential functions required of the controller design are 1) to provide sufficient inner loop compensation to guarantee dynamic stability and acceptable handling qualities over the full flight envelope, and, 2) to enable automated mission following capabilities through implementation of outer loop trackers. A hierarchical control architecture consisting of nested nonlinear dynamic inversion control loops is proposed as a means of achieving these top level objectives. Gain tuning based on an automated linearization methodology is then suggested. Next, an automated optimal control allocation algorithm is tested …
An Investigation On The Stress Intensity Factor Of Surface Micro-Cracks, Sirisha Divya Arli
An Investigation On The Stress Intensity Factor Of Surface Micro-Cracks, Sirisha Divya Arli
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The contact fatigue failure in the form of micro or macro-scale pitting is an important failure mode for rolling mechanical elements, such as bearings and gears that are widely used in the automotive, aerospace and wind turbine fields. The micro-pitting process in some cases, gradually removes the surface material through fatigue wear, altering the geometry of the contact surfaces to alleviate the contact pressure decelerating the continued pitting rate. The propagation of the micro-cracks in other cases, goes deep into the material along a shallow angle, turns parallel to the surface at a certain depth, where the maximum shear or …
3d Cfd Investigation Of Low Pressure Turbine Aerodynamics, Jacob Andrew Sharpe
3d Cfd Investigation Of Low Pressure Turbine Aerodynamics, Jacob Andrew Sharpe
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A 3-D Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model of a highly-loaded blade profile has been developed using a commercial CFD code with an unstructured/structured grid and several different turbulence models. The ability of each model to predict total pressure loss performance is examined in terms of the spanwise loss distribution and the integrated total pressure loss coefficient. The flowfield predicted by each model is investigated through comparisons of isosurfaces of Q criterion to previous Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) results. The 3-equation k-kl-¿ model was shown to provide the most accurate performance predictions for a baseline 3-D LPT geometry, and was …