Digital Commons Network^™

Change In Botanical Composition, Dry Matter Yield And Forage Quality Of Grassland After Five Seasons Of Extensification, W Kuhbauch, J Schellberg

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Extensification of grassland management in Germany has 2 major objectives (I) to reduce the surplus of crop and animal products, and (2) to diminish unwanted side effects against the environment from intensive production systems. Some of the programmes on offer require a reduced number of cuttings and grazings per season, including a very late first cut of the sward and a reduction of nitrogen fertiliser. In a 5-yenr experiment at the grassland research station Rengen, Eifel-mountain-range, Germany, extensification of this type on productive grassland sites created an unbalanced botanical composition and, with nitrogen applied, a major portion of quackgrass in …

Effect Of Method And Intensity Of Selection For Yield In White Clover, J R. Caradus, W M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The effectiveness of various strategies of selection for yield was tested using high performing white clover (Trifolium repens L.) lines derived from crosses between elite Grasslands Huia genotypes and elite genotypes from introduced germpiasm. There appeared to be no clear advantage of selecting genotypes, at the same intensity of selection, in the top 12.5% of families compared with the top 50% of families, There was a weak trend towards higher yielding progeny with increasing selection intensity. It was more effective to use individual selection within families based on performance rather than family selection, However, this effect was specific to …

Environmental Physiology Of Medical Cannabis, F. Mitchell Westmoreland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly being cultivated for industrial and medical uses. Medical cannabis is grown for cannabinoids and terpenes, compounds that continue to show promising therapeutic potential. Cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) are the two most common cannabinoids, but more than 150 have been identified in cannabis. The 2018 Farm Bill federally legalized cannabis containing less than 0.3% THC and high-THC medical cannabis is legal in 38 states. There is a need to understand environmental effects on yield and quality to ensure safety and quality for medical use.

The cultivation of medical cannabis is centered around …

Integrating Water And Nitrogen Management For Sustainable Agriculture: Optimizing Resource Use Efficiency And Maximizing Crop Productivity, Jiaming Duan

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents from University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Advisors: Derek Heeren and Daran Rudnick Maize, accounting for over 95% of national grain production in the United States, is highly sensitive to water and nitrogen (N) inputs. Conventional agricultural practices often lead to excessive application, causing groundwater contamination through nitrate leaching. Therefore, there is a demand for integrating water and nitrogen management with innovative scheduling methods for sustainable agricultural development.

This dissertation first reviewed two decades of U.S.-based research, highlighting the optimal management of water and N to enhance yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Findings indicate that maintaining optimal levels of N and water …

Measuring Spatial Variation Within Pastures, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Paddock means of pasture yield and composition can be inadequate or even misleading due to the spatial variability within pastures. The use of visual estimation procedures, particularly the BOTANAL technique, provides data suitable for analysing variability as many quadrats are sampled within the one paddock. Examples show how data from routine BOTANAL samplings can reveal small and paddock scale spatial variation, and how BOTANAL data can be used to examine relationships between the yield of legume and grass in a mixed pasture grazed at different stocking rates.

Effect Of White Clover Defoliation On Seed Production And Maturity, Slepetys, R Dapkus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Experiments were carried out in Lithuania over the period 1990- 1995. They involved white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars Atoliai (large - leaved) and Bitunai (intermediate - leaved). Different defoliation treatments were carried out at a height of 5, 10 and 15 cm every week over the period from 7 May to 18 June. On 21-28 May, two more treatments consisting of an application with 0.5 and 1.0 l ha-1 reglone were added. When defoliation was carried out on 11-18 June, the seed of cv. Bitunai and cv. Atoliai matured 7 d and 13 d later, respectively than the …

Cutting Date Effects Of Yield And Quality Of Unimproved Kudzu (Pueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.), T H. Terrill, S Gelaye, S Mahotiere, E A. Amoah, S Miller, W R. Windham

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.), a vigorous, perennial warmseason legume, is considered a weed in the southern United States. It is tolerant of drought and low soil fertility and has potential as a low-input forage for livestock production. A field experiment tested effects of cutting date on yield and nutritive value of an unimproved stand of kudzu (10-15 yr old) in central Georgia. Yield measurements were made in June, July, September, and November, 1994, with forage samples taken to determine quality parameters. Soil fertility was unaffected by cutting treatment. Whole plant and leaf dry matter (DM) production and crude …

Establishment Vigor Of Endophyte Free And Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue Cultivars In Southern Ohio, C D. Penrose, H M. Bartholomew, R M. Sulc, E M. Volborn

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Eleven cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) and two cultivars of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) are part of a study to evaluate yield, establishment vigor, persistence and palatability under autumn stockpiling conditions. Included in the study are two endophyte infected-cultivars of tall fescue to compare interactions with endophyte free and infected cultivars. The results demonstrate that the newer endophyte-free and low-endophyte tall fescue cultivars evaluated are similar to other orchardgrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue cultivars in establishment vigor and early growth the year following establishment.

Effect Of The Cutting Frequency On Yield, Crude Protein And Mineral Contents Of A Panicum Maximum/Centrosema Macrocarpum Mixture, J Faria-Marmol, D E. Morillo, R Gonzalez, Z Chirinos

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) and mineral composition of Panicum maximum-Centrosema macrocarpum association as affected by three cutting frequencies (28, 42 and 56 days) were compared in a tropical dry forest of Venezuela. No differences (P<0.05) among defoliation frequencies for any of the variables were detected. All mineral concentrations evaluated in Guineagrass (P. maximum) were considered adequate for grazing ruminants. In C. macrocarpum only P (0.24%) and N (0.08%) were close to critical level for deficiencies in ruminants. P. maximum-Centrosema macrocarpum mixture offered adequate levels for grazing ruminants for all nutrients evaluated.

Effects Of Three Cutting Frequencies On Yield, Crude Protein And Mineral Contents Of Centrosema Macrocarpum, J Faria-Marmol, D E. Morillo, R Gonzalez, Z Chirinos

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) and mineral composition of Centrosema macrocarpum as affected by three cutting frequencies (28, 42 and 56 days) were compared in a tropical dry forest of Venezuela. DM yield and plant height were increased (P<0.05) by increasing the cutting intervals, whereas CP, ash and most minerals were not affected (P<0.05). Only P concentration declined (P<0.05) with increasing plant maturity. The lowest P concentration (0.18%) resulted from the longest cutting interval. Average CP concentration and mineral contents of C. macrocarpum were adequate with grazing ruminant requirements with exception of P (0.21%) and Na (0.073%).

Effect Of The Cutting Frequency On Yield And Crude Protein And Mineral Contents Of Panicum Maximum, D E. Morillo, J Faria-Marmol, R Gonzalez

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Dry matter yield per cutting and total production, crude protein content and mineral composition of Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) as affected by three cutting frequencies (28, 42 and 56 days) were evaluated in a wet/dry tropical area in Venezuela. Only CP was affected (P<0.05) by the cutting frequency, decreasing (P<0.05) from 11.9 to 9.2 % as the harvest interval increased. Mean DM yield per cutting and accumulated over the 336-day experiment (661 and 5140 kg/ha) were low, probably due to low rainfall (600 mm) during the trial. Mean macro (%) and microelement (ppm) concentrations were: Ca, 0.9; P, 0.31; Mg, 0.45; K, 2,17; Na, 0.09; Cu, 11; Fe, 133 and Mn, 269, which were regarded as nutritionally adequate for grazing ruminants .

Growth Curves And Herbage Quality Of Birdfoot Trefoil In Dryland Areas Of The Andes Foothills, H Acuna

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objectives of this study were to describe the growth curves and the herbage quality changes of birdfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) during spring and early summer in the dryland areas of The Andes foothills. The DM accumulation, from different dates, was fitted to a logistic function, y = A/ 1 + b e-ax. The derivative of that function, dy/dx = Abaeax /(1 + be-ax )2 , allowed determination of the rates of growth. The curves show that the maximum accumulation was reached around mid December and the highest rates of growth were registered between 15 September and 15 November ( …

Application Of Remote Sensing (Landsat Tm Data) For Vegetation Parameters Measurement In Western Divisions Of Nsw, H Arzani, G W. King

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The capability of Landsat (TM) data for vegetation parameters estimation was examined. Suitable vegetation indices were selected for arid and semi-arid areas. The possibility of accurate estimation of cover and yield of group of species was found.

Can Forages Reduce Nitrate Leaching Losses From Mixed Cropping Rotations In New Zealand?, G S. Francis, K M. Bartley, F J. Tabley

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this two-year experiment was to determine the ability of forages grown as winter cover crops to reduce nitrate leaching losses after temporary leguminous pastures were ploughed. In both years, cover crops reduced cumulative leaching losses compared with bare fallow and were most effective when sown early in the autumn. When large amounts of residues with relatively low N concentrations were incorporated in the soil in the spring, there was extensive net N immobilisation that suppressed the yield of the following wheat test crop. When cover crops were grazed, the N consumed by sheep as herbage was returned …

Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Winter Cereals, M K. Siefers, K K. Bolsen

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Agronomic and silage quality traits were examined for 12 winter cereals harvested at two stages of maturity. Forage dry matter (DM) yields were higher at the mid-dough than the early-heading stage. Post 90 barley (Hordeum L.) had the highest whole-plant DM yield at the early-heading stage, and Presto triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) had the highest yield at the mid-dough stage. Newton wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) had the lowest whole-plant DM yield at both stages of maturity. Both crude protein (CP) and ash contents were higher for the early-heading than the mid-dough cereals. All 24 silages were of relatively …

Breeding To Improve Yield And Quality In Napiergrass, Y K. Cheng, C S. Chen

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The breeding program has been conducted to improve the production and quality of napiergrass by crossing with related species or intraspecies. CV. TLG2 with high yields and water soluble carbohydrates have been selected and released. It produced 20% more forage yields and water soluble carbohydrates than cultivar, CV. A146 and persisted well at least for five years. Good silage was obtained when the CV. TLG2 was harvested at the right time. Milking ability is improved by use of silage and/or green chopping whole year round.

Tropical Corn For Silage In Multiple Cropping Systems, J C. Burns, D S. Fisher

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This study compared the yield potential and inherent nutritive value and quality of tropical corn (Zea mays L.) with temperate corn and two forage sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for use in multiple cropping systems. Tropical corn showed high dry matter yield potential (19.3 Mg ha-1) compared with a selected temperate corn (14.7 Mg ha-1) or with an intermediate (8.5 Mg ha-1) or taller growing forage-type sorghum (10.3 Mg ha-1). Neutral detergent fiber concentration (g kg-1) was lower for temperate corn (330) than for tropical (548) corn which had a concentration similar to the intermediate (497) and forage-type …

Bahiagrass Forage Production And Quality As Effected By Municipal Biosolids, R M. Muchovej, J E. Rechcigl

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Production of biosolids has been increasing consistently in the last few years. Land application of wastes is being regarded as an alternative means of disposal and as a source of inexpensive fertilizer material. Pastures are particularly attractive in this regard since the areas occupied are extensive and large amounts of fertilizer are required for adequate production. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of various rates of biosolids on bahiagrass yield and quality. Forage samples were collected from each plot from April to December. Significant increases in dry matter production, crude protein content and in vitro digestibility …

Use Of Reactive Phosphate Rock For Pastures On The Southern Tablelands Of Nsw, Australia, D L. Garden, P R. Dann, I J. Mcgowen, C O'Malley

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A comparison was made of pasture production from phosphate fertilisers, including superphosphate, reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) and a non-reactive phosphate rock at two sites on the Southern tablelands of NSW, Australia. Production from all phosphate rocks was low in the first year at both sites, but RPRs were similar to superphosphate by the fourth year. Production from RPRs was low in a dry year which is consistent with the requirement for moist acid soils for effective release of P from RPRs. Performance of RPRs was better at the site which was moister and had higher summer rainfall.

Benefits Of Applying Cow Slurry In Bands Beneath Grass Canopies, S Bittman, C G. Kowalenko, O Schmidt, D E. Hunt

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Efficient methods of application may enable dairy producers to use slurry manure as aoereplacement for inorganic nitrogen on grassland. This study compares the effect of slurry applied in bands beneath the grass canopy (drag-shoe) with a broadcast of slurry on top of the canopy (splash-plate), and with fertilizer nitrogen on yield of grass. Trials were conducted in spring, summer and fall of 1995 on established tall fescue in south-coastal B.C. Slurry manure was applied by drag-shoe or splash-plate at 50 and 100 kg ha-1 (nominally), at start of grass regrowth or 7-8 days later. A range of rates of NH4NO3 …

Different Response Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars To P And Zn Fertilization And Susceptibility To Phosphorus-Induced Zinc Deficiency On Calcareous Soils, Gansu, China, Chen Wen, Graham Eagleton, Graeme Blair

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The three pot experiments were carried out at the Qingyang Research Station, Gansu, China to determine the yield response of P and Zn, and examine the effect of soil types on P and Zn requirement of the local and introduced lucerne cultivars in the establishment phase on calcareous soils. The results showed marked growth and dry matter yield benefit at lucerne establishment when P fertiliser was applied on both soils. There were no consistent difference among the three cultivars in response to added P. A significant shoot yield response to Zn was only recorded at high P supply in the …

Silage Production Possibility Of Sorghum Vulgare, S. Sudanense And Their Hybrid On The Second Crop Conditions Of Tokat-Turkey, U Büyükburç, Y Karadag, M Yildirim

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of the work was to determine biological characters of some fodder grasses (Sorghum, Sudangrass and their hybrid) under second crop condition of Tokat-Turkey with different N levels. The grasses were sown on 20-21 July 1994-1995 after harvesting the main crop of wheat, harvested at the end of October 28-29. Application of 40 - 80 - 120 kg/ha N fertilizer increased the plant height, fresh fodder, DM yield, CP contents in all plants. The hybrid showed the highest fresh and dry fodder yield (100.7 - 23.4 Mg/ha) at the high level of N. Leaf rate declined with use of …

Growth And Yield Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa Var. Crispa) In Varying Irrigation Water Salinity And Leaching Fractions, Berkant Odemis, Derya Kazgöz Candemi̇r, Koray Çapar

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study aimed to determine the response of yield and yield parameters of the ‘Cospirina’ lettuce plant, known to be moderate salinity tolerant, to different levels of salt water applications and different leaching rates in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Hatay Province, Türkiye. Lettuce was irrigated at three different irrigation water salinity levels (EC0 = 0.5 dS m^-1-control, EC2 = 2 dS m^-1, EC4 = 4 dS m^-1) and four different leaching fractions (LF0 = 0%, LF1 = 10%, LF2 = 20%, LF3 = 30%). Irrigation water salinity was adjusted by adding different amounts …

Changes In Soil Chemical Attributes, Horticultural Performance And Fruit Yield Of Peach Cultivars Following Preplant And Annual Applications Of Composted Mulch Amendments, Jeffrey Hopkins

All Theses

Southeastern peach orchards often have poor soil quality due to native soil composition, intensive farming practices and generational replanting of trees in the same locations. This study investigated using mulch amendments to improve the chemical and physical quality of soil prior to planting a new peach orchard. At the beginning of the four-year study, a single-ground municipal composted mulch was incorporated into the soil at two different rates and three cultivars of peaches, ‘Rubyprince’, ‘Julyprince’, and ‘BigRed’ were planted on berms. Thereafter, the same mulch product was annually applied to the top of the berms at two different rates to …

Yield And Nutritive Quality Of Fresh And Ensiled Reduced Lignin Alfalfa In Monoculture And Diculture With Novel Tall Fescue, Morgan Boss

All Theses

The objectives of this research were to: (1) evaluate the yield, nutritional value, and digestibility of fresh and ensiled reduced lignin alfalfa (RLA; Medicago sativa L.) in monoculture and when mixed with novel endophyte-infected tall fescue (F; Festuca arundinacea) in comparison to a conventional alfalfa (CA) cultivar; and (2) evaluate ensiled samples under varying DM concentrations; with or without inoculant. A trial was prepared as a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. Treatments included reduced lignin alfalfa (RLA), conventional alfalfa (CA) and tall fescue (F) plots as well as RLA/F and CA/F plots. Plots were harvested on …

Comparison Of Private And Public Lab Fertilizer Recommendation Impacts On Field Crop Production And Soil Test Results, Megan Baker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

There are many sources that farmers utilize to determine fertilizer needs for crops such as private and public labs, crop advisors, and fertilizer dealers. In many cases, these sources provide recommendations for a specific crop that can vary greatly, which can lead to large differences in cost. An experiment was established in 2021 with 12 sites across the state of Utah in alfalfa, small grains, and corn to test and compare fertilizer recommendations from five labs. The recommendations tested were from two public labs (Utah State University and the University of Idaho) and three commercial labs located in the Western …

Chitosan Application Improves Yield And Quality Of Rocket (Eruca Sativa), Ayşe Özkan, Hali̇me Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan application on the yield and quality of rockets. “Bengi” rocket variety was used as a plant material and chitosan was applied to leaves at four different doses (0 (control)–75–150–300 ppm). The results revealed that the yield values varied between 1691–1914 g m-2, plant height between 24.33–27.92 cm, and leaf width between 4.56–5.71 cm among the applications. The total dry matter, chlorophyll, total phenolics, vitamin C, and antiradical activity values were determined to range between 7.71% and 8.68%, 34.15 and 36.68 SPAD, 104.67 and 180.84 mg 100 g–1, 126.63 and 143.51 …

Increased Longevity Of Red Clover Through Selection For Persistence And Disease Resistance, R R. Smith

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an excellent perennial forage legume, has been considered for many years to be a short-lived, two to three years, forage. Selection for resistance to foliar and root rot diseases and for longevity of stand over the past four decades has improved the persistence of the currently available cultivars. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the progress from selection for longevity and disease resistance. Selection for stand longevity and improved disease resistance has reliably extended the production of red clover into the third and fourth year. Selection for healthy plants in 3- or …

Selection For Herbage Yield And Flowering In Ladino White Clover, J A. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A geno-phenotypic recurrent selection program is being carried out on ladino white clover (Trifolium repens L.) aiming to combine good DM and seed yields. Selection criteria includes plant density, vigor, winter growth, flowering and diseases resistance. The performance of selections in terms of DM yields and seed production was evaluated in separate trials. Two cycles of selection increased flowering by 36% and seed yield by 59%. Preliminary data on herbage yields shows a very good performance of the selected material and suggests the feasibility of combining high DM and seed yields.

Performance Of Perennial Peanut (Arachis Glabrata Benth) In Cameroon, R M. Njwe, B Awounfouet

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and chemical composition of perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) at growth intervals of 30, 45, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days so as to recommend the best interval of cutting. The yield of dry matter increased from 3133 to 3804 kg ha-1 at cutting intervals of 30 and 60 days, respectively, after which it declined to 3445 kg ha-1 at 90 days . The dry matter content increased with cutting interval from 25.6 % at 30 days to 31.6 % at 90 days. After 45 days of regrowth the crude protein …