Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences

2019

Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 234

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Trifolium Occidentale: A Valuable Genetic Resource For White Clover Improvement, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams Dec 2019

Trifolium Occidentale: A Valuable Genetic Resource For White Clover Improvement, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Trifolium occidentale Coombe is a stoloniferous, diploid (2n=2x=16) perennial clover indigenous to Portugal, Spain, France, and the British Isles. It grows in relatively dry coastal habitats, in sand dunes and on shallow pocket of soil (Coombe 1961; Coombe and Morisset 1967). As the species grows naturally in saline, dry habitats, it is potentially a source of drought tolerance genes that could be used for the improvement of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars. Although T. occidentale is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Williams et al. 2012), the 2x forms of T. occidentale cross …

Go to article

Metagenomic Analysis Of Dental Calculus In Ancient Egyptian Baboons, Claudio Ottoni, Meriam Guellil, Andrew T. Ozga, Anne C. Stone, Oliver Kersten, Barbara Bramanti, Stephanie Porcier, Wim Van Neer Dec 2019

Metagenomic Analysis Of Dental Calculus In Ancient Egyptian Baboons, Claudio Ottoni, Meriam Guellil, Andrew T. Ozga, Anne C. Stone, Oliver Kersten, Barbara Bramanti, Stephanie Porcier, Wim Van Neer

Biology Faculty Articles

Dental calculus, or mineralized plaque, represents a record of ancient biomolecules and food residues. Recently, ancient metagenomics made it possible to unlock the wealth of microbial and dietary information of dental calculus to reconstruct oral microbiomes and lifestyle of humans from the past. Although most studies have so far focused on ancient humans, dental calculus is known to form in a wide range of animals, potentially informing on how human-animal interactions changed the animals’ oral ecology. Here, we characterise the oral microbiome of six ancient Egyptian baboons held in captivity during the late Pharaonic era (9th–6th centuries …

Go to article

Assessment Of Cytotoxic Activity Of Five Common Philippine Medicinal Plants Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, Lloyd O. Balinado, Merab A. Chan Dec 2019

Assessment Of Cytotoxic Activity Of Five Common Philippine Medicinal Plants Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, Lloyd O. Balinado, Merab A. Chan

Biology Faculty Publications

A wide variety of plants in the Philippines are used to address several medical ailments; however, many of which have not yet undergone thorough pharmacological studies. The problem on the possible side effects caused by these medicinal preparations has, therefore, increased the interest in validating their safety for human use. The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity of five common local medicinal plants. Annona muricata L., Cymbopogon citratus DC., Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, Jatropha curcas L., and Piper betle L. were selected and subjected to crude aqueous leaf extraction. Extracts were then investigated for cytotoxicity potential using brine …

Go to article

The Role Of Growth Arrest Specific 6 And Axl Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Marc Shigeru Matsumura Dec 2019

The Role Of Growth Arrest Specific 6 And Axl Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Marc Shigeru Matsumura

Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a critical process that replaces damaged muscle fibers with new fibers. The regenerative process can be segmented into four main phases: necrosis, inflammation, regeneration, and maturation. While many of the key signaling molecules are known and characterized, there are still gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated. While it is reported that growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl are expressed in mature muscle tissue, nothing is known about the effect that Gas6 and Axl have on regulating skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study we investigated the regenerative process in a …

Go to article

Bone Mineral Density Of The Common Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops Truncatus: A Proposed Model For Monitoring Osteological And Ecosystem Health, James Wright Burrus Powell Dec 2019

Bone Mineral Density Of The Common Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops Truncatus: A Proposed Model For Monitoring Osteological And Ecosystem Health, James Wright Burrus Powell

Dissertations and Theses

Bone mineral density (BMD) in the pectoral flipper of the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was examined to address the need to define a comprehensive target site for clinical osteodensitometric assessment and to establish ranges of observed bone density values for this species. Radii were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the accepted standard in human medical studies. Multiple loci within the radius were identified and assessed for their correlation to BMD of the entire bone. Radii BMD were also examined for differences based on sex, age, total body length, handedness, geographical affinity, and nutritional status at time …

Go to article

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Locally Controls Anterior-Posterior Patterning Of The Axial Skeleton., Joonho Suh, Je-Hyun Eom, Na-Kyung Kim, Kyung Mi Woo, Jeong-Hwa Baek, Hyun-Mo Ryoo, Se-Jin Lee, Yun-Sil Lee Dec 2019

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Locally Controls Anterior-Posterior Patterning Of The Axial Skeleton., Joonho Suh, Je-Hyun Eom, Na-Kyung Kim, Kyung Mi Woo, Jeong-Hwa Baek, Hyun-Mo Ryoo, Se-Jin Lee, Yun-Sil Lee

Faculty Research 2019

Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β family member that has been identified as the central player of anterior-posterior (A-P) axial skeletal patterning. Mice homozygous for Gdf11 deletion exhibit severe anterior homeotic transformations of the vertebrae and craniofacial defects. During early embryogenesis, Gdf11 is expressed predominantly in the primitive streak and tail bud regions, where new mesodermal cells arise. On the basis of this expression pattern of Gdf11 and the phenotype of Gdf11 mutant mice, it has been suggested that GDF11 acts to specify positional identity along the A-P axis either by local changes in …

Go to article

Effects Of Mercury On The Dopamine Transporter Cell Surface Expression In Pc12 Cells, Christina Hui Dec 2019

Effects Of Mercury On The Dopamine Transporter Cell Surface Expression In Pc12 Cells, Christina Hui

Student Theses

Environmental factors, such as heavy metal exposures, have been suggested to have an impact not only on neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson’s disease, but also on psychostimulants abuse and their toxicity. In this study, two questions were addressed: 1) effects of mercuric chloride on parkinsonian toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced cytotoxicity and 2) effects of mercuric chloride on cell surface dopamine transporter. Pheochromocytorma cells (PC12) were treated with various concentrations of mercuric chloride (0.02~2.0 ppm) for 4 hours with and without 0.1 mM MPP+. Significant potentiation of toxicity was observed when there was co-treatment with 0.5 ppm …

Go to article

Cultivate Winter 2019/2020, Utah State University Dec 2019

Cultivate Winter 2019/2020, Utah State University

Cultivate Magazine

Bi-annual magazine for the College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences.

Go to article

Quantitative Study Of The Antimicrobial Effects Of Silver On The Motility Of Escherichia Coli, Benjamin Russell Dec 2019

Quantitative Study Of The Antimicrobial Effects Of Silver On The Motility Of Escherichia Coli, Benjamin Russell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In recent decades, the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has grown to become a serious global threat. This rise can be attributed to the widespread misuse of antibiotics and the lack of newly developed drugs to fight resistant organisms. Novel bactericidal substances have, therefore, garnered significant research interest. Silver, due to its powerful antimicrobial effects, is one such substance. Silver is typically most effective in cationic form; however, advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way for the controlled fabrication of nano-silver. Silver nanoparticles have been shown to have increased antibacterial potency for a variety of reasons, including the release of …

Go to article

Oral Microbiome Diversity In Chimpanzees From Gombe National Park, Andrew T. Ozga, Ian C. Gilby, Rebecca Nockerts, Michael L. Wilson, Anne Pusey, Anne C. Stone Nov 2019

Oral Microbiome Diversity In Chimpanzees From Gombe National Park, Andrew T. Ozga, Ian C. Gilby, Rebecca Nockerts, Michael L. Wilson, Anne Pusey, Anne C. Stone

Biology Faculty Articles

Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can provide a unique perspective into the health status of past human populations but currently no studies have focused on the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including our closest relatives, within the hominids. Here we use ancient DNA extraction methods, shotgun library preparation, and next generation Illumina sequencing to examine oral microbiota from 19 dental calculus samples recovered from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) who died in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. The resulting sequences were trimmed for quality, analyzed using MALT, MEGAN, and alignment scripts, and integrated with previously published dental …

Go to article

Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Cytotoxicity And Mutagenicity: A Study Of Protection By Ascorbic Acid And Epigallocatechin Gallate, Timothy P. Mayotte Nov 2019

Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Cytotoxicity And Mutagenicity: A Study Of Protection By Ascorbic Acid And Epigallocatechin Gallate, Timothy P. Mayotte

ELAIA

Hexavalent chromium, or Cr(VI), is a potent oxidizer and known carcinogen that is found at varying levels in the water sources of more than 200 million Americans. However, the exact mechanism of carcinogenicity remains unknown, and though the government currently regulates total chromium levels they have yet to determine a permissible exposure limit for Cr(VI). Moreover, there is currently no preventative treatment for Cr(VI). Because of Cr(VI)’s strong oxidative power, we hypothesized that it causes DNA mutation and cell death via oxidation and that antioxidants could prevent this from occurring. To test this, we first assessed the viability of human …

Go to article

Discovery Of Novel Mechanisms Regulating Cancer Extravasation In The Chorioallantoic Membrane Model, Yohan Kim Nov 2019

Discovery Of Novel Mechanisms Regulating Cancer Extravasation In The Chorioallantoic Membrane Model, Yohan Kim

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cancer metastasis is a multistep process that begins with the invasion of tumour cells into the stroma and migration towards the blood vessels. Tumour cells that have entered the bloodstream must then survive and leave by a process known as extravasation. Finally, extravasated cells proliferate and establish the secondary site in the metastatic cascade. Although extravasation encompasses key events during cancer cell invasion to aid in the development of effective treatments, an in vivo model that rapidly, reproducibly and economically recapitulates cancer cell extravasation is needed. Therefore, the objectives of my research were to 1) establish and validate an in …

Go to article

Interprofessional Education: The Way Forward In Health Profession Education, Kanza Muzaffar, Rehana Rehman, Salman Siddiqi Nov 2019

Interprofessional Education: The Way Forward In Health Profession Education, Kanza Muzaffar, Rehana Rehman, Salman Siddiqi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract are not provided by the author/publisher

Go to article

Healthcare Malpractice And Continuing Hiv Outbreaks In Pakistan, Salima Davlidova, Syed Hani Abidi, Syed Ali Nov 2019

Healthcare Malpractice And Continuing Hiv Outbreaks In Pakistan, Salima Davlidova, Syed Hani Abidi, Syed Ali

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Fluoride: From Birth To Adolescence, Ben Clark, Lydia Bangerter, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Casey Coombs, Carrie Durward Nov 2019

Fluoride: From Birth To Adolescence, Ben Clark, Lydia Bangerter, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Casey Coombs, Carrie Durward

All Current Publications

This fact sheet discusses the benefits of using fluoride, the most common concerns about fluoride intake in children, and recommendations from birth to adolescence.

Go to article

Protein Detection And Structural Characterization By Mass Spectrometry Using Supramolecular Assemblies And Small Molecules, Bo Zhao Oct 2019

Protein Detection And Structural Characterization By Mass Spectrometry Using Supramolecular Assemblies And Small Molecules, Bo Zhao

Doctoral Dissertations

Mass spectrometry (MS) has played an increasingly prominent role in proteomics and structure biology because it shows superior capabilities in identification, quantification and structural characterization of proteins. To realize its full potential in protein analysis, significant progress has been made in developing innovative techniques and reagents that can couple to MS detection. This dissertation demonstrates the use of polymeric supramolecular assemblies for enhanced protein detection in complex biological mixtures by MS. An amphiphilic random co-polymer scaffold is developed to form functional supramolecular assemblies for protein/ peptide enrichment. The influences of charge density and functional group pKa on host-guest interactions …

Go to article

Engineering Nanomaterials For Imaging And Therapy Of Bacteria And Biofilm-Associated Infections, Akash Gupta Oct 2019

Engineering Nanomaterials For Imaging And Therapy Of Bacteria And Biofilm-Associated Infections, Akash Gupta

Doctoral Dissertations

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a serious global burden of mortality, causing thousands of deaths each year. The “superbug” risk is further exacerbated by chronic infections generated from antibiotic-resistant biofilms that are highly resistant to available treatments. Synthetic macromolecules such as polymers and nanoparticles have emerged as promising antimicrobials. Moreover, ability to modulate nanomaterial interaction with bacterial cellular systems plays a pivotal role in improving the efficacy of the strategy. In the initial studies on engineering nanoparticle surface chemistry, I investigated the role played by surface ligands in determining the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles. In further study, …

Go to article

Love & Angels Care Internship, Kristin Addison Oct 2019

Love & Angels Care Internship, Kristin Addison

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Nutritional Quality Of Commercial Baby Food Based On Cereals, Diellëza Azemi, Hyrie Koraqi, Sara Selimi, Namik Durmishi, Violeta Lajqi Oct 2019

Nutritional Quality Of Commercial Baby Food Based On Cereals, Diellëza Azemi, Hyrie Koraqi, Sara Selimi, Namik Durmishi, Violeta Lajqi

UBT International Conference

Commercial baby food based on cereals are the products usually made with cereals, sugar and variable additives. As the foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses, baby foods for infants and young children conforms to a set of strict guidelines e.g. nutritional quality, addition of additives, labelling. However, being an important supplement to children diet and for their progressive adaptation to ordinary food, the nutritional quality of commercial baby food based on cereals in very important. Samples of commercial baby food from the market and pharmacies were analyzed by parameters: pH, total soluble solids, moisture, total acidity, vitamin C, proteins, sugars …

Go to article

The Characterization Of The Rat Bone Sialoprotein Knockout Phenotype, Benjamin Harvey Oct 2019

The Characterization Of The Rat Bone Sialoprotein Knockout Phenotype, Benjamin Harvey

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular phosphoprotein that has been associated with mineralizing tissues, such as the periodontium, the fibrocartilaginous enthesis, and long bone formation. In this study, we characterized the phenotype of BSP-deficient rats. Histomorphometric analysis discovered a thinning of the acellular cementum in both 20 and 50 week-old Bsp-/- rats with no related periodontal defects and an organized periodontal ligament. Analysis of the mature quadriceps tendon (QCT) enthesis determined that BSP and osteopontin are present in the calcified fibrocartilage of wild-type rats at 14 weeks. The developing QCT enthesis of Bsp-/- rats appears similar in mineral …

Go to article

A Scientometric Appreciation Of Robert J. Baker's Contributions To Science And Mammalogy, David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Emma K. Roberts, Lisa C. Bradley, Hugh H. Genoways Oct 2019

A Scientometric Appreciation Of Robert J. Baker's Contributions To Science And Mammalogy, David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Emma K. Roberts, Lisa C. Bradley, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

This article describes Robert James Baker’s academic pedigree and genealogy, his scientific productivity (number of publications), his citations, his students, his contributions to his university and scientific societies, his personality in relation to his scientific achievements, his legacy, and a personal note of appreciation by individuals who worked with him and knew him well. His accomplishments are compared with other dominant personalities in the field of mammalogy, both historical and contemporary. The paper builds on the 2018 obituary authored by Hugh Genoways and others that was published in the Journal of Mammalogy, but includes a much more quantitative and …

Go to article

The Neotropical Variegated Squirrel, Sciurus Variegatoides (Rodentia: Sciuridae) In Nicaragua, With The Description Of A New Subspecies, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert M. Timm Oct 2019

The Neotropical Variegated Squirrel, Sciurus Variegatoides (Rodentia: Sciuridae) In Nicaragua, With The Description Of A New Subspecies, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert M. Timm

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Neotropical variegated squirrel, Sciurus variegatoides, is represented in Nicaragua by five known subspecies—adolphei, belti, boothiae, dorsalis, and underwoodi. Analyses of morphometrics, color, and color patterns of 394 specimens from throughout the country and all available literature support the retention of these subspecies, but also reveal the presence of a sixth population of these squirrels, which is worthy of description and recognition as a new subspecies. This new subspecies is confined to Isla de Ometepe in Lago de Nicaragua. Variegated squirrels on Ometepe are on average the smallest variegated squirrels in the country …

Go to article

A Current Update On Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head And Neck Cancers., Ebenezer Tumban Oct 2019

A Current Update On Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head And Neck Cancers., Ebenezer Tumban

Michigan Tech Publications

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of a growing percentage of head and neck cancers (HNC); primarily, a subset of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of HPV-associated head and neck cancers (HPV + HNC) are caused by HPV16; additionally, co-factors such as smoking and immunosuppression contribute to the progression of HPV + HNC by interfering with tumor suppressor miRNA and impairing mediators of the immune system. This review summarizes current studies on HPV + HNC, ranging from potential modes of oral transmission of HPV (sexual, self-inoculation, vertical and horizontal …

Go to article

Dental And Mandibular Anomalies In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From Central Georgia, Patrick M. Powers, Alfred J. Mead Oct 2019

Dental And Mandibular Anomalies In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From Central Georgia, Patrick M. Powers, Alfred J. Mead

Georgia Journal of Science

The frequency of dental and mandibular anomalies in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States is not well documented. Characteristic irregularities include supernumerary and missing teeth, malocclusion, root abscesses due to bacterial infections, and tooth or bone damage due to trauma. In the present study, we examined 778 white-tailed deer dentaries collected from the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in central Georgia. All dentaries were inspected for lesions, tooth irregularities, developmental anomalies, and other pathologies. Thirty-two dentaries (4.1%) displayed signs of dental or bone abnormalities. More abnormalities were associated with infection or injury (22/778, 2.8%) compared to unusual tooth development …

Go to article

Saliva Enhances Infection Of Gingival Fibroblasts By Herpes Simplex Virus 1., Yi Zuo, J Charles Whitbeck, Gabriel J Haila, Abraham A Hakim, Paul W Rothlauf, Roselyn J Eisenberg, Gary H Cohen, Claude Krummenacher Oct 2019

Saliva Enhances Infection Of Gingival Fibroblasts By Herpes Simplex Virus 1., Yi Zuo, J Charles Whitbeck, Gabriel J Haila, Abraham A Hakim, Paul W Rothlauf, Roselyn J Eisenberg, Gary H Cohen, Claude Krummenacher

Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics

Oral herpes is a highly prevalent infection caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). After an initial infection of the oral cavity, HSV-1 remains latent in sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. Episodic reactivation of the virus leads to the formation of mucocutaneous lesions (cold sores), but asymptomatic reactivation accompanied by viral shedding is more frequent and allows virus spread to new hosts. HSV-1 DNA has been detected in many oral tissues. In particular, HSV-1 can be found in periodontal lesions and several studies associated its presence with more severe periodontitis pathologies. Since gingival fibroblasts may become exposed to salivary …

Go to article

Hypogammaglobulinemia In Blt Humanized Mice – An Animal Model Of Primary Antibody Deficiency, Francisco Martinez-Torres, Tomonori Nochi, Angela Wahl, J. Victor Garcia, Paul W. Denton Oct 2019

Hypogammaglobulinemia In Blt Humanized Mice – An Animal Model Of Primary Antibody Deficiency, Francisco Martinez-Torres, Tomonori Nochi, Angela Wahl, J. Victor Garcia, Paul W. Denton

Paul W. Denton

Primary antibody deficiencies present clinically as reduced or absent plasma antibodies without another identified disorder that could explain the low immunoglobulin levels. Bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice also exhibit primary antibody deficiency or hypogammaglobulinemia. Comprehensive characterization of B cell development and differentiation in BLT mice revealed other key parallels with primary immunodeficiency patients. We found that B cell ontogeny was normal in the bone marrow of BLT mice but observed an absence of switched memory B cells in the periphery. PC-KLH immunizations led to the presence of switched memory B cells in immunized BLT mice although plasma cells producing PCor …

Go to article

Childhood Habits And Their Effects On The Oral And Maxillofacial Structure Of Adolescents, Kelly Tarmon Oct 2019

Childhood Habits And Their Effects On The Oral And Maxillofacial Structure Of Adolescents, Kelly Tarmon

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

This research proposal provides a background on childhood habits and how they effect the structure of the face and jaw. Proposed methods and results provide a way to look at adolescents rather than children.

Go to article

Why Are Dental Anxieties So Prevalent: Effects On Dental Hygiene, Maya Young Oct 2019

Why Are Dental Anxieties So Prevalent: Effects On Dental Hygiene, Maya Young

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

This paper focuses on how to resolve and decrease dental anxiety (DA) levels in order to maintain descent oral hygiene

Go to article

Lifelines Fall 2019, Southern Adventist University Oct 2019

Lifelines Fall 2019, Southern Adventist University

Lifelines - Biology Department Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Encountering Lectins In The Recipient Mucosa: Implications Of N-Linked Glycosylation On Hiv-1 Transmission, Adam Meadows Sep 2019

Encountering Lectins In The Recipient Mucosa: Implications Of N-Linked Glycosylation On Hiv-1 Transmission, Adam Meadows

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Although several studies have determined key differences in envelope motifs between TF and chronic HIV-1, it is still not known what the overall glycosylation profile is that is selected for in a transmission event, as well as what contributes to this selection. Using a bottom-up approach of modifying specific viruses, determining their transmission fitness in an ex vivo tissue explant assay, and determining their glycan content, we have laid the basis for determining the overall glycan structure which is selected for in TF HIV-1. Preliminarily, we have shown that C-type lectins represent a stringent barrier to transmission and have several …

Go to article

Next Last