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Life Sciences

1979

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Plant And Soil Science Research Results 1978-79, Southeastern Kansas Branch, K. W. Kelley, R. J. Johnson Jan 1979

Plant And Soil Science Research Results 1978-79, Southeastern Kansas Branch, K. W. Kelley, R. J. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crop research in Southeast Kansas, Mound Valley.

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Rumen Bacterial Endotoxins And Their Possible Role In The Sudden-Death Syndrome, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, E. Bartley, L. Fina, H. Anthony, H. Leipold Jan 1979

Rumen Bacterial Endotoxins And Their Possible Role In The Sudden-Death Syndrome, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, E. Bartley, L. Fina, H. Anthony, H. Leipold

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We have found that rumen bacteria contain endotoxins that are released into rumen fluid. Also rumen fluid from grain-fed cattle contains considerably more free endotoxin than rumen fluid from hay-fed cattle. Injecting cattle with rumen bacterial endotoxins may be involved with such diseases associated with high-grain feeding as the sudden death syndrome.

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Effects From Using Ralgro Sequentially On Sexual Development Of Bulls And On Growth And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Bulls, L. Fink, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee Jan 1979

Effects From Using Ralgro Sequentially On Sexual Development Of Bulls And On Growth And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Bulls, L. Fink, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-nine Simmental X Hereford and Hereford calves (24 bulls and 25 steers) were used to study the effect of Ralgro on growth, carcass traits, sex drive, sperm production, and development of sex organs. Approximately half of the bulls and half of the steers received a total of four 36-mg. Ralgro implants, one implant each 100 days (approximately 28, 128, 228 and 328 days of age). Implanted bulls and steers had higher average daily gains; however, the effect was greater in steers than bulls. Ralgro impaired all facets of sexual development measured. None of the implanted bulls could have been used …

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Delayed Winter Supplemental Feeding And Year-Round Mineral Supplementation Of Beef Cows On Native Range, J. Pruitt, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith Jan 1979

Delayed Winter Supplemental Feeding And Year-Round Mineral Supplementation Of Beef Cows On Native Range, J. Pruitt, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Polled Hereford cows on native Flint Hills pasture not supplemented until February lost more weight from December to February, lost less from February to May, and were in poorer condition before calving than cows supplemented beginning in November. But calf survival, birth weight, and calf average daily gain were similar for both groups. Feeding cows a calcium, phosphorus, trace mineral mix did not improve any measure of cow or calf performance.

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Effects Of Ralgro And Des Implants During The Suckling Period On Later Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, F.L. Schwartz Jan 1979

Effects Of Ralgro And Des Implants During The Suckling Period On Later Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, F.L. Schwartz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifers were given either one or two Ralgro implants or one DES implants during the suckling period with no obvious effect on later reproductive performance when the heifers were bred as yearlings. However, conception rates in control heifers were low in two trials, so more studies are needed for conclusive results.

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Survey Of Kansas Cow-Calf Producers, W. Thompson, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

Survey Of Kansas Cow-Calf Producers, W. Thompson, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The average producer we surveyed was 46 years old with 1 year of college. He had 125 cows and 5 bulls, usually Hereford or Angus, breeding naturally on pasture for 4 1/2 months. Most replacement heifers calved at the same time as cows. Few semen tested and only 50% pregnancy tested. Eleven percent of the cows were culled annually and 75% of the producers raised their own replacements. The average cow-calf pairs used 10 acres of pasture, 2 acres of crop residues and 1 acre of hay. Vaccinations for Blackleg (79%) and Leptospirosis (61%) were popular but less than 30% …

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Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, Prairie Hay, Soybean Meal And Urea Compared For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg Jan 1979

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, Prairie Hay, Soybean Meal And Urea Compared For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milo stover silage, prairie hay or forage sorghum silage was fed in rations containing 10, 12 or 14% protein from soybean meal (SBM) or 12% protein from urea; 100 heifers were fed in the 78-day growing trial (November 11, 1977 to February 2, 1978). Heifers fed forage sorghum silage, prairie hay or forage sorghum silage + prairie hay had similar rate and efficiency of gains; those fed milo stover silage made slowest and least efficient gains. Rations containing prairie hay were consumed in the greatest amounts. Feeding rations with 12 or 14% protein from SBM gave better performance than rations …

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Predicting Feedlot Performance Using Mathematical Models, P. George, B.E. Brent Jan 1979

Predicting Feedlot Performance Using Mathematical Models, P. George, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tables based on mathematical models illustrate how feed intake, rate of gain, and feed efficiency change during the feeding period and in response to different wing-chill temperatures. The tables wert used to calculate costs or gain.

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Minerals In Esophageal Samples From Steers On Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Unoh, D.A. Sapienza, B.E. Brent, H.A. Peischel, J.D. Whitney, E.F. Smith Jan 1979

Minerals In Esophageal Samples From Steers On Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Unoh, D.A. Sapienza, B.E. Brent, H.A. Peischel, J.D. Whitney, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report summarizes monthly mineral contents of burned and control native bluestem pastures determined with samples from fisulated steers. Burning decreases calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and iron (Fe), and slightly decreases zinc (Zn). All minerals we studied were adequate for grazing cattle except that magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K) appear to be borderline during winter months.

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High Moisture Corn For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

High Moisture Corn For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

W used 135 yearling steers in two trials to compare dry with high moisture (HM) corn and soybean meal (SBM) supplement with urea supplement. Results of trail 1 (88 days) show HM corn either rolled or ensiled in a stave silo or ensiled whole in a fiberglass O2-limiting silo supported faster and more efficient gains than dry rolled, steam-flaked or HM-corn treated with a preservation. A 50% SBM+ 50% urea supplement tended to be used more efficiently than either 100% SBM or 100% urea supplements. In trial 2 (97 days) steers fed dry rolled corn or HM corn ensiled with …

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Conventional Vs Accelerated Beef Production For Traditional And Later-Maturing Cattle Types, S.M. Myers, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

Conventional Vs Accelerated Beef Production For Traditional And Later-Maturing Cattle Types, S.M. Myers, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of traditional and later-maturing cattle types fed under accelerated (placed directly on the finishing ration) and conventional (back grounded on a growing ration before finishing) system, indicated large differences between feeding systems but smaller differences between cattle types in the same feeding system. Differences between feeding systems stress the economic importance of maintaining maximum gain, and the disadvantages of extended feeding periods, when much of the feed consumed is required for maintenance. Later-maturing cattle on accelerated feeding required the least feed per pound of gain.

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Nutritional Effects On Beef Palatability, D.E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, L.H. Hayward, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen Jan 1979

Nutritional Effects On Beef Palatability, D.E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, L.H. Hayward, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We assigned 112 Angus yearling steers to 14 nutritional treatments including control. Submaintenance, and 12 different combinations of ration energy (low, medium or high) and feeding period (56,91, 119, 147, or 175 days). Boneless rib steaks were evaluated by a trained taste panel and Instron Warner-Bratzler shear. Average daily gains increased as energy level increased. Slaughter weight, and USDA quality and yield grades increased as both ration energy and days fed increased. Taste panel score were not significantly affected by ration energy level, but muscle fiber tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall tenderness scores tended to increase as days fed increased. …

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Comparison Of Anthelmintics For Pigs Raised In Outside Lots (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis Jan 1979

Comparison Of Anthelmintics For Pigs Raised In Outside Lots (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty crossbred pigs averaging 21 lbs. initially were used to evaluate the effects of Banminth or Tramisol on performance of pigs housed in worm-contaminated dirt lots. Neither anthelmintic significantly affected average daily gain or feed efficiency. Pigs fed Banminth continuously were 5% more efficient in feed utilization during the starter phase and 4% more efficient in feed utilization during the grower phase than nonwormed pigs. Pigs fed Banminth had no liver scarring and no ascarids in gastrointestinal tracts at 125 pounds. Untreated pigs and those treated with Tramisol had lever scarring and ascarids in the gastrointestinal tracts at …

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Evaluation Of Comingling Pigs Before Weaning To Reduce Weaning Stress (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Comingling Pigs Before Weaning To Reduce Weaning Stress (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the management practice of comingling litters one week before weaning to help reduce weaning stress. Pigs which were comingled before weaning gained slightly faster the first two weeks after weaning than pigs mixed at weaning, but overall pig performance to 7 to 8 weeks of age was similar for rate of gain and feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Allyl Trenbolone To Control Estrus In Gilts-Effect Of Dose (1979), Duane L. Davis, J M. Robl, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1979

Allyl Trenbolone To Control Estrus In Gilts-Effect Of Dose (1979), Duane L. Davis, J M. Robl, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Replacement gilts frequently do not fit smoothly into existing breeding and farrowing schedules because time of estrus cannot be predicted. Being able to program replacement gilts into a breeding herd would improve management, so we investigated the effectiveness of a synthetic progestogen, allyl trenbolone , to control estrus in gilts. Allyl trenbolone is not presently available to swine producers.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency By Finishing Pigs (1979), G L. Allee Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency By Finishing Pigs (1979), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 300 finishing pigs (120-220 lbs.) were conducted to evaluate Tylan, Stafac, Lincomix, and Flavomycin by growth rate and feed efficiency. In trial I, none of the antibiotics improved growth rate or feed efficiency. In trial II, where pigs were more crowded, feeding an antibiotic slightly, but not significantly, increased daily gain (0 to 8% improvement) and feed efficiency (3 to 9%), with no significant difference among antibiotics. These studies demonstrate that the response or lack of response to feeding low levels of antibiotics during the finishing phase will depend on the level of stress imposed.; Swine Day, …

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Swine Embryo Culture And Transfer For Export To England (1979), J E. James, P D. Reeser, Duane L. Davis, E C. Straiton, A C. Talbot, C Polge Jan 1979

Swine Embryo Culture And Transfer For Export To England (1979), J E. James, P D. Reeser, Duane L. Davis, E C. Straiton, A C. Talbot, C Polge

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A major threat to swine enterprises is the possible introduction of disease when new breeding animals are purchased and introduced. So, methods of introducing new genetic material while minimizing the potential for introducing disease are needed. Transfer of embryos from a donor sow in another herd or country would minimize disease risks. Already used to introduce new breeding stock into Specific Pathogen Free herds and other closed herds, embryos now are placed in the recipient gilt’s or sow1s uterus within a few hours after their recovery from the donor. That method prevents export and limits application of swine embryo transfer …

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Effects Of Feeding Oats Or Oat Hulls And Meal Or Pellets On The Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Effects Of Feeding Oats Or Oat Hulls And Meal Or Pellets On The Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred fifty eight, five-week old weanling pigs were used to evaluate various levels of dietary oats and oat hulls in swine diets by performance and incidence of diarrhea in pigs weaned at approximately 5 to 6 weeks of age (17.6 to 28.6 lbs.).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1979), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1979), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 168 finishing pigs were conducted to compare continuous fogging with intermittent wetting to reduce heat stress in swine. In the second trial, intermittent wetting by sprinklers (1 min. sprinkle, 29 min. dry) significantly improved (P<.05) average daily gain and average daily feed over control, yet no significant differences in feed to gain ratios were observed between controls and fogged pigs in the second trial.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effect Of Fiber Source On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Effect Of Fiber Source On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six Yorkshire pigs, weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and averaging 9.5 kg (20.9 lbs.) were used to determine the effects of diets with increased fiber from oats, beet pulp, wheat bran, alfalfa meal or wheat shorts on performance and fecal consistency. Pigs fed the control, 20% oats, 10% beet pulp or 21.2% wheat bran diets had the best average daily gain; those fed the 48.5% wheat shorts, the poorest daily gain. Average daily feed intake was similar except that pigs fed the 20% oats diet consumed more feed (P<.05) than those fed the 48.5% wheat shorts. Feed efficiency was similar for all diets. Pigs fed the control, 20% oats, 10% beet pulp or 21.2% wheat bran diets had better average daily diarrhea scores than those fed the 7.6% alfalfa meal or 48.5% wheat shorts diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effects Of Various Water Medications On Performance And Feed And Water Consumption By Pigs Weaned At 3 Or 4 Weeks Of Age (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis Jan 1979

Effects Of Various Water Medications On Performance And Feed And Water Consumption By Pigs Weaned At 3 Or 4 Weeks Of Age (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials using 216 pigs were conducted to evaluate effects various water medications have on performance and feed and water consumption by pigs weaned at 3 and 4 weeks of age. Water medication had no effect on pig performance. Pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age consumed an average of 0.8 quart of water per day for the first five days after weaning, compared with an average of 1.1 quarts per day by those weaned at 4 weeks of age. Adding syrup (500 ml/5 gallon) doubled the water consumption of both groups. Water medications did not reduce water consumption.; Swine …

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Effect Of High-Moisture Grain On Availability Of Phosphorus For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee Jan 1979

Effect Of High-Moisture Grain On Availability Of Phosphorus For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A feeding trial and two phosphorus balance studies were conducted to compare the availabilities of phosphorus from high-moisture sorghum grain treated with propionic acid (1.2% acid, 23% moisture), grain stored in an oxygen limiting structure (27% moisture), and field-dried sorghum grain (13% moisture). Bone and phosphorus retention data indicated that the phosphorus in high-moisture sorghum grain is more available than phosphorus in field-dried sorghum grain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effects Of Rumensin Or Lasalocid On Rumen Fermentation In Vitro, E. Bartley, E. Herod, R. Bechtle, D. Sapienza, B. Brent Jan 1979

Effects Of Rumensin Or Lasalocid On Rumen Fermentation In Vitro, E. Bartley, E. Herod, R. Bechtle, D. Sapienza, B. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A series of artificial-rumen studies tested effects of Rumensin and lasalocid on rumen fermentation. At concentrations of 22, 44, and 66 ppm both depressed microbial protein synthesis. Both severely inhibited protein synthesis at 176 ppm. Both increased propionic acid and decreased acetic acid concentrations. However, only Rumensin increased lactic acid. Both inhibited total gas production and decreased the percentage of methane. We concluded that lasalocid and Rumensin have similar effects on rumen fermentation.

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Using Wheat Straw In Beef Cow Rations, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1979

Using Wheat Straw In Beef Cow Rations, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We conducted two trials to study using wheat straw in rations of either lactating or gestating beef cows maintained in dry lot. In trial 1, cow weight changes the last 60 days of lactation were: alfalfa hay, +26.88 lbs; two-thirds alfalfa hay-one third chopped wheat straw, +27.94 lbs; one-third alfalfa hay and two thirds chopped wheat straw, -26.84 pounds. Gains by the cows' calves; 146, 143, and 144 pounds, respectively did not differ statistically. Cows receiving one-third alfalfa hay and two-thirds chopped wheat straw lost condition as measured by weight/height ratios, while those on the other two treatments gained condition. …

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Effects Of Steam Pelleting And Extruding Sorghum Grain-Soybean Meal Diets On Phosphorus Availability For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee Jan 1979

Effects Of Steam Pelleting And Extruding Sorghum Grain-Soybean Meal Diets On Phosphorus Availability For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials and three phosphorus balance studies were conducted to compare the effect of steam pelleting, extruding, and grinding on phosphorus availability. The results indicate that steam pelleting or extruding has little, if any, effect on the availability of phosphorus for finishing swine (100 to 220 lbs.).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Evaluation Of Hover Types With And Without Supplemental Heat For Finishing Pig Performance (1979), G L. Allee, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Hover Types With And Without Supplemental Heat For Finishing Pig Performance (1979), G L. Allee, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty Yorkshire barrows and gilts were used to evaluate supplemental heat and various types of hovers for finishing pigs during December, 1978, and January, 1979. Hovers constructed of plywood, straw, and plywood covered with foil were placed over pens with and without catalytic heaters to determine the effect of each on performance. Hovers modified the pig's environment by an average of 80 straw hover, 90 foil covered plywood, and 30 plywood hover. Average daily gain and feed required per pound of gain were similar for all treatments. Pigs fed in pens with catalytic heaters gained slightly faster and …

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Allyl Trenbolone To Control Estrus In Gilts-Conception Rate And Litter Size After Treatment (1979), Duane L. Davis, J M. Robl, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1979

Allyl Trenbolone To Control Estrus In Gilts-Conception Rate And Litter Size After Treatment (1979), Duane L. Davis, J M. Robl, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Control of estrus in gilts is theoretically possible by feeding a progestogen for 18 consecutive days. During the feeding period the progestogen suppresses estrus in all gilts and when withdrawn from the feed, all animals are expected to come in heat 4 to 7 days later. To be useful, the synchronizing agent must meet two criteria: (1) it must effectively control the time of estrus, and (2) it must not adversely affect fertility. We conducted this trial to evaluate a progestogen, allyl trenbolone, with respect to these criteria. Allyl trenbolone is not presently available to swine producers.; Swine Day, Manhattan, …

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Pelvic Area, Calving Ease And Rebreeding In First Calf Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, L.R. Corah, G. Kiracofe Jan 1979

Pelvic Area, Calving Ease And Rebreeding In First Calf Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, L.R. Corah, G. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pelvic area had little influence on the number or severity of calving problems after size and condition of two-year-old first-calf heifers, sex and weight of their calf, and genetic background of the heifer and her calf were accounted for. Little difference in rebreeding was attributed to calving difficulty, although heifers that had Caesarean deliveries rebred about two weeks later than those giving natural birth.

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Protein Adjustments During Temperature Stress, D.R. Ames Jan 1979

Protein Adjustments During Temperature Stress, D.R. Ames

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adjusting feedlot rations to match the thermal environment can reduce costs of gains. Adjusting protein content of rations does not change average daily gain but it improves protein efficiency.

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Performance, Carcass, And Meat Traits Of Different Cattle Types, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1979

Performance, Carcass, And Meat Traits Of Different Cattle Types, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Different crossbred (X) cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, carcass and meat traits. Steers were studied from mating Angus (A), Hereford (H), Brahman (B), Sahiwal (S), Pinzgauer (P), and Tarentaise (T) sires to Angus and Hereford females.

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