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Adult Spiders Use Tougher Silk: Ontogenetic Changes In Web Architecture And Silk Biomechanics In The Orb-Weaver Spider, Todd Blackledge, Andrew Sensenig, Ingi Agnarsson
Adult Spiders Use Tougher Silk: Ontogenetic Changes In Web Architecture And Silk Biomechanics In The Orb-Weaver Spider, Todd Blackledge, Andrew Sensenig, Ingi Agnarsson
Todd A. Blackledge
Body size increases greatly during ontogeny in most animals and is often accompanied by dramatic shifts in foraging strategies and hence food resources. Orb-weaver spiders provide an interesting case, where a relatively homogeneous foraging strategy, aerial silk webs, is employed across all ontogenetic stages. Orb webs are spun soon after spiders emerge from the egg sac through growth of up to two orders of magnitude in body size. The sizes of prey targeted by the spiders are also likely to increase as spiders develop. Here, we examine how relative silk investment, web architecture, and the material properties of silk in …
Hsisp Annotated Bibliography: Moral & Character Education (1998-2013), Erich Yahner
Hsisp Annotated Bibliography: Moral & Character Education (1998-2013), Erich Yahner
Erich Yahner
No abstract provided.
Consensus-Based Nutritional Recommendations For Patients With Head-And-Neck Cancer, Elizabeth Isenring
Consensus-Based Nutritional Recommendations For Patients With Head-And-Neck Cancer, Elizabeth Isenring
Liz Isenring
Extract: Patients with head-and-neck cancer constitute one of the diagnostic groups that most commonly experience deterioration of nutrition status. Malnutrition in patients with head-and-neck cancer is well known to potentially result in impaired wound healing, reduced immunocompetence, and decreased tolerance to treatment—and thus undesired treatment breaks and unplanned hospital admissions.
A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur
A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur
Robert H. I. Dale
We used four surveys to collect information about the birth, physical growth, and behavioral development of 12 African elephant calves born in captivity. The management of the birth process and neonatal care involved a variety of standard procedures. All of the calves were born at night, between 7PM and 7AM. The calves showed a systematic progression in behavioral and physical development, attaining developmental milestones at least a quickly as calves in situ. This study emphasized birth-related events, changes in the ways that calves used their trunks, first instances of behaviors, and interactions of the calves with other, usually adult, elephants. …
Differential Expression Of Cadherin-2 And Cadherin-4 In The Developing And Adult Zebrafish Visual System, Qin Liu, S. G. Babb, Z. M. Novince, A. L. Doedens, J. Marrs, P. A. Raymond
Differential Expression Of Cadherin-2 And Cadherin-4 In The Developing And Adult Zebrafish Visual System, Qin Liu, S. G. Babb, Z. M. Novince, A. L. Doedens, J. Marrs, P. A. Raymond
Qin Liu
Cadherins are homophilic cell adhesion molecules that control development of a variety of tissues and maintenance of adult structures. Although cadherins have been implicated in the development of the brain, including the visual system, in several vertebrate species, little is known of their role in zebrafish. In this study, we examined distribution of cadherin-2 (Cdh2, N-cadherin) in the visual system of developing and adult zebrafish using both immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization methods, and we compared Cdh2 distribution to that of the previously reported and closely related cadherin-4 (Cdh4, R-cadherin). As in other vertebrates, in zebrafish embryos Cdh2 was widely …
Effects Of Experimentally Elevated Traffic Noise On Nestling White-Crowned Sparrow Stress Physiology, Immune Function And Life History, Ondi L. Crino, Erin E. Johnson, Jessica L. Blickley, Gail L. Patricelli, Creagh W. Breuner
Effects Of Experimentally Elevated Traffic Noise On Nestling White-Crowned Sparrow Stress Physiology, Immune Function And Life History, Ondi L. Crino, Erin E. Johnson, Jessica L. Blickley, Gail L. Patricelli, Creagh W. Breuner
Jessica L Blickley
Roads have been associated with behavioral and physiological changes in wildlife. In birds, roads decrease reproductive success and biodiversity and increase physiological stress. Although the consequences of roads on individuals and communities have been well described, the mechanisms through which roads affect birds remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine one mechanism through which roads could affect birds: traffic noise. We exposed nestling mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) to experimentally elevated traffic noise for 5 days during the nestling period. Following exposure to traffic noise we measured nestling stress physiology, immune function, body size, condition and survival. Based …
Predicting The Physiological Performance Of Ectotherms In Fluctuating Thermal Environments, Michael W. Sears, A C. Niehaus, M J. Angilletta, C E. Franklin, R S. Wilson
Predicting The Physiological Performance Of Ectotherms In Fluctuating Thermal Environments, Michael W. Sears, A C. Niehaus, M J. Angilletta, C E. Franklin, R S. Wilson
Michael W. Sears
Physiological ecologists have long sought to understand the plasticity of organisms in environments that vary widely among years, seasons and even hours. This is now even more important because human-induced climate change is predicted to affect both the mean and variability of the thermal environment. Although environmental change occurs ubiquitously, relatively few researchers have studied the effects of fluctuating environments on the performance of developing organisms. Even fewer have tried to validate a framework for predicting performance in fluctuating environments. Here, we determined whether reaction norms based on performance at constant temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C) could be …