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Beef Cattle Breeding Project Progress Report: Growth-Trait Epds For 1998- And 1999-Born Calves, Abebe T. Hassen, Doyle E. Wilson, Gene H. Rouse, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The Iowa State University beef cattle breeding project was designed to develop two selection lines of beef cattle for use as a research base to answer questions that influence genetic improvement. The project was started in 1996 and is being conducted at the Rhodes (central Iowa) and McNay (southern Iowa) research and demonstration farms.

Comparison Of Ultrasound And Carcass Measures To Predict The Percentage Of Lean Beef From Four Primal Cuts – A Progress Report, Richard G. Tait Jr., Gene H. Rouse, Doyle E. Wilson

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to determine how real-time ultrasound (RTU) measurements would compare with carcass measurements to predict the percentage of lean from the four primals (PERL4P). Data were collected on market ready cattle (n=490). Traditional carcass measures collected were: (1) hot carcass weight (HCW); (2) 12–13th rib fat thickness (CFAT); (3) 12–13th rib ribeye area (CREA); and (4) percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH).

Beef Cattle Breeding Project Progress Report: Body Composition Epds Determined From Ultrasound Measures, Doyle E. Wilson, Abebe T. Hassen, Gene H. Rouse, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The Iowa State University beef cattle breeding project was initiated in 1996, and is being conducted at the Rhodes and McNay Research and Demonstration Farms. The project uses the field data of the American Angus Association (AAA) along with the research resource cattle of the farms to study questions that will enhance the genetic investigations using the field data.

Beef Cattle Breeding Project Progress Report: Growth Trait Epds For 1998-, 1999-, And 2000-Born Calves, Abebe T. Hassen, D. E. Wilson, Gene H. Rouse, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The Iowa State University beef cattle breeding project was designed to develop two selection lines of beef cattle for use as a research base to answer questions that influence genetic improvement. The project was started in 1996 and is being conducted at Rhodes (central Iowa) and McNay (southern Iowa) research and demonstration farms.

Beef Cattle Breeding Project Progress Report: Body Composition Epd Determined From Ultrasound Measures, D. E. Wilson, Abebe T. Hassen, Gene H. Rouse, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The Iowa State University beef cattle breeding project was initiated in 1996 and is being conducted at the Rhodes and McNay research and demonstration farms. The project uses the field data of the American Angus Association (AAA) along with the research resource cattle of the farms to study questions that will enhance the genetic investigations using the field data.

Body Composition Changes In Bulls From Weaning To Yearling Part I — Muscle, Waste Fat And Taste Fat Deposition, Gene H. Rouse, Doyle E. Wilson, Richard G. Tait Jr., Mike Anderson, Abebe T. Hassen

Richard G. Tait Jr.

These results suggest how muscle, subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat are deposited from weaning to yearling. How might these results be explained?

• Tissue maturity —muscle matures earlier than fat in the growth process and has nutrient priority over fat when muscle is making maximum growth. Cattle normally make maximum growth, rate/day, when muscle is being deposited at the maximum rate. Why? Muscle has a much higher water content than fat, therefore, it requires less nutrients to deposit a pound of muscle then a pound of fat.
• 10-1 Concept—during the fattening process, 10 pounds of waste fat (subcutaneous, seam and internal …

Genetic Parameters For Concentrations Of Minerals In Longissimus Muscle And Their Associations With Palatability Traits In Angus Cattle, R. G. Mateescu, A. J. Garmyn, Richard G. Tait Jr., Qing Duan, Q. Liu, Mary S. Mayes, Dorian J. Garrick, A. L. Van Eenennaam, D. L. Vanoverbeke, G. G. Hilton, Donald C. Beitz, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for concentrations of minerals in LM and to evaluate their associations with beef palatability traits. Samples of LM from 2,285 Angus cattle were obtained and fabricated into steaks for analysis of mineral concentrations and for trained sensory panel assessments. Nine minerals, including calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc, were quantified. Restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used to obtain estimates of variance and covariance components under a multiple-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability for mineral concentrations in LM varied from 0.01 to 0.54. Iron and sodium were …

Estimation Of Relationships Between Mineral Concentration And Fatty Acid Composition Of Longissimus Muscle And Beef Palatability Traits, A. J. Garmyn, G. G. Hilton, R. G. Mateescu, J. B. Morgan, James M. Reecy, Richard G. Tait Jr., Donald C. Beitz, Qing Duan, Jon P. Schoonmaker, Mary S. Mayes, Mary E. Drewnoski, Q. Liu, D. L. Vanoverbeke

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of beef LM nutrient components on beef palatability traits and evaluate the impact of USDA quality grade on beef palatability. Longissimus muscle samples from related Angus cattle (n = 1,737) were obtained and fabricated into steaks for trained sensory panel, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), lipid oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid, and mineral composition analysis. Pearson phenotypic correlations were obtained by the correlation procedure of SAS. Beef palatability data were analyzed by the GLM procedure of SAS with USDA quality grade as the main effect. Specific …

Evaluation Of Fixed Sources Of Variation And Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Incidence Of Bovine Respiratory Disease In Preweaned Calves And Feedlot Cattle, M. J. Schneider, Richard G. Tait Jr., Marshall V. Ruble, W. Darrell Busby, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The primary objective of this study was to estimate variance components and heritability of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence in beef calves before weaning and during the finishing phase. The second objective was to investigate the impact of BRD incidence and treatment frequency on performance and carcass traits. Bovine respiratory disease is the biggest and most costly health challenge facing the cattle industry. The 2 populations used consisted of 1,519 preweaned calves and 3,277 head of feedlot cattle. The incidence rate of BRD in preweaned calves was 11.39%, and among treated cattle, 82.1% were treated once, 13.9% were treated twice, …

Genetic Parameters For Carnitine, Creatine, Creatinine, Carnosine, And Anserine Concentration In Longissimus Muscle And Their Association With Palatability Traits In Angus Cattle, R. G. Mateescu, A. J. Garmyn, M. A. O'Neil, Richard G. Tait Jr., Almass A. Abuzaid, Mary S. Mayes, Dorian J. Garrick, A. L. Van Eenennaam, D. L. Vanoverbeke, G. G. Hilton, Donald C. Beitz, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for carnitine, creatine, creatinine, carnosine, and anserine concentration in LM and to evaluate their associations with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and beef palatability traits. Longissimus muscle samples from 2,285 Angus cattle were obtained and fabricated into steaks for analysis of carnitine, creatine, creatinine, carnosine, anserine, and other nutrients, and for trained sensory panel and WBSF assessments. Restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used to obtain estimates of variance and covariance components under a multiple-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability for carnitine, creatine, creatinine, carnosine, and anserine concentrations in LM from Angus …

Genome-Wide Association Study Of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis In Angus Cattle, Kadir Kizilkaya, Richard G. Tait Jr., Dorian J. Garrick, Rohan L. Fernando, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Background Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) in beef cattle, commonly known as pinkeye, is a bacterial disease caused by Moraxella bovis. IBK is characterized by excessive tearing and ulceration of the cornea. Perforation of the cornea may also occur in severe cases. IBK is considered the most important ocular disease in cattle production, due to the decreased growth performance of infected individuals and its subsequent economic effects. IBK is an economically important, lowly heritable categorical disease trait. Mass selection of unaffected animals has not been successful at reducing disease incidence. Genome-wide studies can determine chromosomal regions associated with IBK susceptibility. The …

Body Composition Changes In Bulls From Weaning Age To Yearling Age: Muscle Fat Deposition, Gene H. Rouse, Richard G. Tait Jr., M. Anderson, Abebe Hassen

Richard G. Tait Jr.

With the advent of real-time ultrasound, repeated measures of body composition changes, such as fat cover, rib eye area, and percentage intramuscular fat have greatly added to our understanding of beef cattle growth and development.

Comparison Of Ultrasound And Carcass Measures To Predict Percentage Of Beef Retail Product From Four Primal Cuts—Final Report, Richard G. Tait Jr., Gene H. Rouse, Doyle E. Wilson

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to determine how real-time ultrasound (RTU) measurements would compare with carcass measurements to predict the percentage of retail product from the four primals (PRP4P). Data were collected on market ready cattle (n=471). Traditional carcass measures collected were: 1) hot carcass weight (HCW), 2) 12–13th rib fat thickness (CFAT), 3) 12–13th rib ribeye area (CREA), and 4) percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (CKPH). Live animal ultrasound measures collected were: 1) scan weight (SCANWT), 2) 12–13th rib fat thickness (UFAT), 3) 12–13th rib ribeye area (UREA), 4) subcutaneous fat thickness over the termination of …

Characterizing Overall Response To Two-Shot Vaccination For Bvdv Type 2 In Angus Weanling Calves, Richard Tait, Erika Downey, Mary Mayes, Julia Ridpath, Dorian Garrick, James Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Vaccination is a management strategy utilized to help reduce prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. However, not all animals respond similarly to vaccinations. It is believed that an animal’s genetics control part of the ability to respond to a vaccination protocol. In order to evaluate the genetic control of a new trait such as response to vaccination, it is important to understand the non-genetic factors that affect an animal’s response to vaccination. The objective of this study was to characterize the non-genetic factors affecting overall response to a two-shot vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV2) in …

Effects Of Calf Age And Dam Age On Circulating Bvdv Ii Antibody Levels Prior To Vaccination In Angus Weanling Calves, Erika Diane Downey, Richard G. Tait Jr., Mary Sue Mayes, Dorian J. Garrick, Julia Ridpath, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Newborn calves passively acquire antibodies from their dams via consumption of colostrum immediately after birth. Colostrum quality and quantity may differ by dam age affecting the amount of circulating maternally derived antibodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate if there are differences in calf titers of maternal antibodies based on age of dam and age of calf. This knowledge is important for determining vaccination strategies because passively acquired antibodies for bovine viral diarrhea virus I and II (BVDV) have been shown to block the ability of calves to develop their own specific immune response to BVDV.

Prediction Of Retail Product And Trimmable Fat In Beef Cattle Using Ultrasound Or Carcass Data, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The most widely used system to predict percent retail product from the four primals in beef cattle is USDA yield grade. The purpose of this study was to determine if routine ultrasound measurements and additional rump measurements could be used to more accurately predict the percent lean from the four primals than the carcass measurements going into the USDA yield grade equation. This study utilized market cattle (n = 471) consisting of Angus bulls, Angus steers, and crossbred steers. The right side of each carcass was fabricated into retail cuts, lean trim, fat, and bone; weights of each component were …

Usefulness Of Cross-Sectional Image To Predict Intramuscular Fat For Feedlot Application Using Real-Time Ultrasound, Kelley J. Vogel, Doyle E. Wilson, Gene H. Rouse, Jennifer A. Minick, Richard G. Tait Jr., Jodi Kruser

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The purpose of this project was to determine if it is possible to accurately calculate both %IMF and 12th–13th subcutaneous fat from the cross-sectional ribeye image with a guide in place, therefore eliminating the need for four %IMF images. This would make this technology less time consuming and more efficient. The correlation between the traditional longitudinal %IMF and the %IMF from the ribeye image was moderate and in both the case of ether extract %fat and marbling score, the traditional longitudinal %IMF was more highly correlated than the ribeye image %IMF. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the …

Growth And Development Of Angus-Wagyu Crossbred Steers, Gene H. Rouse, M. Ruble, S. Greiner, Richard G. Tait Jr., Craig L. Hays, Doyle E. Wilson

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Serially scanning Angus-Wagyu crossbred steers with real-time ultrasound suggests the following conclusions: · Comparing real-time ultrasound measurements, including fat cover, percent intramuscular fat and rib eye area, with carcass measurements at harvest time suggests ultrasound measurements are accurate enough to be used as a body composition evaluation tool. · Serial ultrasound measurements indicate that muscle deposition based on rib eye area occurred linearly from 772 to 1,406 pounds, and perhaps to a heavier weight than expected. · Subcutaneous fat ultrasonic measurements suggest a slow linear increase in fat cover until the cattle weighed 1,100 lbs., and then fat cover increased …

Correlations Between Carcass Traits And Mineral Concentrations In Angus Beef Raised In Iowa, Richard G. Tait Jr., Qing Duan, Qi Liu, Mary Sue Mayes, Donald C. Beitz, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Beef is a nutritious food that is known to have high bioavailability for several minerals such as iron and zinc. Although beef is typically high in these nutrients, there is much animalto-animal variation in mineral contents. The objective of this study is to report the relationship between traditional carcass traits and mineral concentrations within the longissimus dorsi.

Whole Genome Analysis Of Pinkeye Scores In Angus Cattle, Kadir Kizilkaya, Richard G. Tait Jr., Dorian J. Garrick, Rohan L. Fernando, James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), known as pinkeye, is a common infectious disease affecting the eyes of cattle. It is characterized by excessive tearing, inflammation of the conjunctiva, and ulceration of the cornea. Although pinkeye is non-fatal, it has a marked economic impact on the cattle industry, due to the decreased performance of infected individuals. Genetic effects on the susceptibility of IBK have been studied and Hereford, Jersey, and Holstein breeds were found to be more susceptible to IBK than Bos Indicus breeds. The objectives of our study were: 1) to estimate genetic parameters of IBK scored in different categories by …

The Use Of Real-Time Ultrasound To Predict Live Feedlot Cattle Carcass Value, Gene H. Rouse, S. Greiner, Doyle E. Wilson, Craig L. Hays, Richard G. Tait Jr., Abebe Hassen

Richard G. Tait Jr.

No abstract provided.

Ibk (Pinkeye) In Black Angus Cattle, Jose E. Rodriguez, Abebe Hassen, Richard G. Tait Jr., James M. Reecy

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is a contagious bacterial disease that affects cattle worldwide. IBK is characterized by excessive tearing, inflammation of the conjunctiva, and ulceration of the cornea. In severe cases, perforation of the cornea may occur, leading to permanent blindness. The incidence rates reported in the ISU beef herd range from 30–52% in the last four years(Figure 1). As a result of the economic impact of pinkeye in the cattle industry, estimated at $150 million/year, the lack of effective treatments against the disease and the increased demand for‘organic’ products, research in the area of disease …

Prediction Of Lean In The Round Using Ultrasound Measurements, Richard G. Tait Jr., Gene H. Rouse, Doyle E. Wilson, Craig L. Hays

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Real-time ultrasound (RTU) images were collected on 170 Angus sired steers. These steers had routine carcass data collected, as well as lean mass weights after round fabrication. Lean weight in the round was determined by adding the peeled knuckle, inside round, and outside round weights together. There were four significant independent variables (P < .05) used to predict lean in the round from live measurements. They were: live weight (WT), ultrasound fat thickness between the 12th and 13th ribs (UFT), ultrasound ribeye area between the 12th and 13th ribs (UREA), and gluteus medius lean depth (GM).

Comparison Of Calf-Fed Vs. Yearling-Fed Management For The Estimation Of Carcass Trait Genetic Parameters In Simmental Cattle, Richard G. Tait Jr.

Richard G. Tait Jr.

Selection indexes for feedlot performance have been developed by U.S. beef breed associations to help commercial producers with multiple trait selection decisions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications of backgrounding cattle after weaning on selection for feedlot profitability. Carcass data records for 11,011 animals and a three generation pedigree were obtained from the American Simmental Association database. Carcass traits of primary interest in this analysis were marbling score (MARB), 12^th rib fat thickness (CFT), 12^th rib ribeye area (CREA), and hot carcass weight (HCW). Estimated post weaning gain (EPWG) was determined using weaning weight …

Comparison Of Ultrasound And Carcass Measures To Predict The Percentage Of Lean Beef From Four Primal Cuts, Richard G. Tait Jr., Gene H. Rouse, Doyle E. Wilson, Craig L. Hays

Richard G. Tait Jr.

The objective of this study was to determine how realtime ultrasound (RTU) measurements would compare with carcass measurements to predict the percentage of lean from the four primals (PERL4P). Data were collected on market ready cattle (n=265). Traditional carcass measures collected were: 1) hot carcass weight (HCW), 2) 12-13th rib fat thickness (CFAT), 3) 12-13th rib ribeye area (CREA), and 4) percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH). Live animal ultrasound measures collected were: 1) scan weight (SCANWT), 2) 12-13th rib fat thickness (UFAT), 3) 12-13th rib ribeye area (UREA), 4) subcutaneous fat thickness over the termination of the …