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Anatomical Analysis Of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Regeneration Via Glomerular Synaptic Activity Markers In Adult Mice, William Wamack
Anatomical Analysis Of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Regeneration Via Glomerular Synaptic Activity Markers In Adult Mice, William Wamack
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The olfactory system is a great model for studying regeneration due to the olfactory epithelium’s regenerative capability which makes it a potential a source of neural stem cells. The olfactory epithelium presents three types of cells: sustentacular cells which provide support and act as glial supporting cells; olfactory sensory neurons that are in charge of detecting odorant molecules in the air; and the stem cells that generated the aforementioned cell types. Olfactory sensory neurons are constantly dying and being replaced by new neurons originating from the stem cells that lie at the base of the olfactory epithelium. We have used …
Synthesis And Biological Testing Of Small-Molecule Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors, Willough Sloan
Synthesis And Biological Testing Of Small-Molecule Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors, Willough Sloan
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis delineates two main projects: the first outlines the structure elucidation efforts toward a Diels-Alder adduct of a novel reaction for the synthesis of chimaphilin, a naphthoquinone-based natural product with apoptotic or antiproliferative activity in certain cancer cells1,2. The structure elucidation extends to derivatives of chimaphilin synthesized by the same cyclization reaction. While Diels-Alder reactions are usually regioselective, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR of the adducts was inconclusive and indicated the possibility of regioisomer presence, with one regioisomer being chimaphilin (or derivatives). A multitude of crystallization methods were carried out in order to be able to analyze …
From The Headlines: A Textual Analysis Of Social Polarization And Discord In Times Of Pandemic Across A Century In The United States, Alexa Demarco
From The Headlines: A Textual Analysis Of Social Polarization And Discord In Times Of Pandemic Across A Century In The United States, Alexa Demarco
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Within the past century, three major pandemics have affected the United States – the Spanish Flu, AIDS, and COVID-19. Each of these pandemics has tested the capabilities of the public health sector and the social resilience of the population. Scientists have studied the viruses and implemented public health measures to limit viral transmission, but the social responses to these preventative measures proved to be difficult to predict and control. The dissonance and polarization between the public health initiatives and the response of the general public in the most recent pandemic was apparent. Was this a pattern in other pandemics? Was …
Qualitative Proteomic And Genomic Analysis Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteriophage Kaomega, Emilee Carr
Qualitative Proteomic And Genomic Analysis Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteriophage Kaomega, Emilee Carr
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae that is a common nosocomial pathogen causing pneumonia, infections in the bloodstream, wound infections, and meningitis. It has developed natural resistance to multiple antibiotics, most notably carbapenems which are often seen as the last line of defense against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages are being investigated as a promising alternative treatment to antibiotics in fighting these resistant pathogens. KaOmega, a Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage, was isolated, sequenced, and annotated to characterize and understand its potential for use in a phage therapy. Characterization included Phyre2 analysis to predict putative protein functions based on structural homology, burst size …
Sequencing The Guts Out Of Covid-19; The Evolution Behind The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madelyn Purnell
Sequencing The Guts Out Of Covid-19; The Evolution Behind The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madelyn Purnell
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to an urgent need for scalable methods for clinical diagnostics and tracking of virus variants. In this paper, we attempted a novel method of sequencing using Large Reverse Transcriptase-based cloning (LRTC). Although our methodology ended up not working due to high amount and fast degradation of RNA, we were able to sequence multiple variants of COVID-19 Positive samples from the BYU Student Health Center and 4 sewage samples to check for variant outbreaks in corresponding times. We were able to find several corresponding variants and track the progression of mutation in our local population.
Exploring Melatonin As A Treatment For Oral Ulcers, William H. Sutherland
Exploring Melatonin As A Treatment For Oral Ulcers, William H. Sutherland
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The hormone melatonin is best known for its role in the sleep-wake cycle, but its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have significant implications that have not been fully explored in oral health. Some studies use melatonin to treat gastrointestinal ulcers, including duodenal ulcers and oral mucositis, but we found no study reporting its effects on more common oral ulcers, like aphthous stomatitis. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics of melatonin could effectively prevent and heal oral ulcers. In this paper, we review the literature on melatonin to propose its use as a treatment for oral ulcers. We also include …
Examining Limbic Sexual Dimorphisms In Schizophrenia, Kennedy S. Madrid
Examining Limbic Sexual Dimorphisms In Schizophrenia, Kennedy S. Madrid
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects a significant number of individuals in the United States and can have numerous different symptoms. Recently, interest in the differences between the neuroanatomy of individuals with schizophrenia and individuals without schizophrenia has emerged, specifically the sexual dimorphism in individuals with schizophrenia. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the sexual dimorphisms of two structures in the limbic system: the hippocampus and amygdala. Data was harmonized and analyzed from two datasets to determine the sexual dimorphic factor of these structures in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia. Demographic features were also taken …
The Regulation Of Atg9a-Mediated Aggrephagy By An Ulk1-Independent Atg13-Atg101 Complex, Joshua Youngs
The Regulation Of Atg9a-Mediated Aggrephagy By An Ulk1-Independent Atg13-Atg101 Complex, Joshua Youngs
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Aggrephagy, a type of autophagy, is an essential cellular process by which protein aggregates are collected and broken down in the lysosome. Protein aggregates are implicated in several diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer. Here, we investigate the ATG13-ATG101 protein complex, a sub-complex of the canonical ULK1 complex whose regulatory role in aggrephagy is not completely understood. We also develop a protein fragment complementation (PFC) assay using the biotin ligase TurboID to study the functions of the ATG13-ATG101 complex with increased specificity. We demonstrate that ATG13 is required for optimal degradation of p62-ubiquitin condensates. We also show that a …
Mapping Auditory And Vestibular Response Neurons In The Optic Tectum Of Larval Zebrafish, Erika Marks, Arminda Suli
Mapping Auditory And Vestibular Response Neurons In The Optic Tectum Of Larval Zebrafish, Erika Marks, Arminda Suli
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Cellular mapping of the sensory receptive fields of brain structures is a critical step in understanding function and dysfunction in development. Deficits in the ability to receive, process and integrate the senses leads to difficulties recognizing and responding appropriately to stimuli. To understand how the senses are integrated, it is first necessary to map the neurons receptive to inputs from individual senses. The optic tectum of zebrafish is a structure known for its homology to the superior colliculus of mammals and is a center of multisensory integration – including visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. However, the microcircuitry of this important …
Climate-Related Declines In Reproductive Output In A High-Elevation Population Of Ground Squirrels, Kayleigh Little
Climate-Related Declines In Reproductive Output In A High-Elevation Population Of Ground Squirrels, Kayleigh Little
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Beginning in the 1900s, changes in climate have resulted in an increase in global temperatures. This warming has driven behavioral and demographic changes within a multitude of species worldwide. Historically, small mammal populations have responded to changes in temperature by adjusting their geographic ranges. As temperatures rise, high-elevation populations may no longer be able to adjust as they have before. In this study, we evaluated possible effects of climate change on a high-elevation population of Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) at Tioga Pass in Northern California. We used local climate data and long-term population data from 1994 to …
The Synthesis Of 3-Formyltyrosine For The Purpose Of In Virto Fluorescent Visualization Of Microtubules, Angelina Bonacasa
The Synthesis Of 3-Formyltyrosine For The Purpose Of In Virto Fluorescent Visualization Of Microtubules, Angelina Bonacasa
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Microtubules and the desire to visualize them has been of utmost importance in understanding the behavior of the cytoskeleton. Even further, scientists are using this knowledge to elucidate cancerous activities as they occur within cells. In order to acquire this knowledge, the following methods have been established: the expression of tubulin after it has been fused with a fluorescent protein, the insertion of tubulin that has been exogenously labeled, and the use of fluorescent-probe conjugated microtubule ligands, such as paclitaxel. These methods, however, tend to distort the protein’s native function, thereby preventing an accurate analysis. This concern drives the need …
Computational Investigation Of Calmodulin Photocontrol With The Help Of An Azobenzene Derivative, Jeremy Wells
Computational Investigation Of Calmodulin Photocontrol With The Help Of An Azobenzene Derivative, Jeremy Wells
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The ability to control the activity and binding capability of enzymes in a reversible manner offers tremendous control over biological processes. Photocontrol, in particular, is promising in that electromagnetic radiation can be fine-tuned in terms of its strength, location, and duration. Photosensitive compounds, such as the azobenzene family, experience an isomerization at certain wavelengths, and attaching these compounds to enzymes has the potential to alter their structure and activity. Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+ -sensitive signaling protein that has the ability to affect several downstream processes in eukaryotes and is an excellent target for photocontrol due to its small size …
Using Deep Learning With Satellite Imagery To Estimate Deforestation Rates, Maeve Naughton-Rockwell
Using Deep Learning With Satellite Imagery To Estimate Deforestation Rates, Maeve Naughton-Rockwell
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Previous studies have used Convolutional Neural Networks for regional detection of deforestation breaks. However, there is limited research into the capability of deep neural networks to identify sudden shifts in global forest cover from satellite imagery. Additionally, many deforestation detection models are trained on region specific data and need manual input thresholds. In this work, we develop a deep learning model to predict the percent of deforestation in a region between two points in time, trained on globally sourced data. Using the before and after satellite images of a deforestation event as inputs, we implemented a two input Convolutional Neural …
Student Sleep Patterns When Exposed To Mindfulness Reminders, Zeyanna Dhalla
Student Sleep Patterns When Exposed To Mindfulness Reminders, Zeyanna Dhalla
Undergraduate Honors Theses
University students are plagued with increased levels of stress and anxiety which can lead to poor sleep quality and quantity. Breathing techniques have demonstrated counteractive effects to the chronic stresses that the population encounters on an everyday basis. Wearable technology, such as Apple Watches, contain a mindfulness feature that encourages its users to pause throughout the day and engage in mindfulness through resonant breathing. Wearable technology has become increasingly accessible and is also growing in accuracy to measure different biometrics such as sleep quality and quantity. The purpose of the present study was to examine if the mindfulness reminders initiated …
The Cognitive & Educational Implications Of Color Use In Drawing To Learn, Juliana F.M. Cantarutti
The Cognitive & Educational Implications Of Color Use In Drawing To Learn, Juliana F.M. Cantarutti
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Drawing to Learn (D2L) is a learning aid that encourages STEM students to interact with abstract concepts in STEM by sketching. D2L is not an intuitive skill, and researchers strive to provide students with guidelines on how to master this method. One potential way to enhance the D2L method for students is by incorporation of visual cues, specifically color. While many students choose to incorporate color into their models without explicit instruction to do so, we have found no research on: a) why students use color in sketching, b) its effects on D2L. This study used interviews, surveys, and course …
Epidemiology And Impacts Of A Leaf Spot Disease In Veratrum Viride (Melanthiaceae), Leeah R. Sutton, Foster Levy
Epidemiology And Impacts Of A Leaf Spot Disease In Veratrum Viride (Melanthiaceae), Leeah R. Sutton, Foster Levy
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Fungal phytopathogens can cause disease epidemics in crops, weeds, and
populations of native plants. To investigate the impact of a foliar phytopathogen on the native herbaceous species, Veratrum viride, a demographic and disease assessment was carried out on two high elevation grassy bald populations on Roan Mountain, Tennessee. A leaf spot disease impacted all plants in both populations, causing widespread premature senescence of leaves and stems. Disease severity increased over the course of the growing season. Based on host disease symptoms and fungal conidia morphology, Pseudocercosporella sublineolata was shown to be the causal pathogen. A study of herbarium specimens …
Gastrointestinal Alterations In Two Mouse Models Associated With Social Behavior Deficits, Gracie Leamon
Gastrointestinal Alterations In Two Mouse Models Associated With Social Behavior Deficits, Gracie Leamon
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a diverse habitat for multiple microorganisms. Disturbances in the microbiome of the GI tract have been associated with psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD, when compared to neurotypical individuals, have demonstrated differing gut species. Also, it has been shown that microbial transplant therapies impact ASD symptoms in patients. Animal models of behaviors associated with ASD might offer insight for the actual role these microbial differences may occupy regarding symptoms. Unfortunately, ASD does not have an accepted animal model where the GI alterations have been thoroughly explored. In this study, we sought …
Relating Occupancy Patterns To Multi-Life-History Scales For Pond-Breeding Anurans In Eastern Virginia, Patrick A. Hardner
Relating Occupancy Patterns To Multi-Life-History Scales For Pond-Breeding Anurans In Eastern Virginia, Patrick A. Hardner
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Amphibians are experiencing population declines worldwide due to a multitude of factors, including habitat loss. Therefore, assessments of breeding habitat occupancy are important to determine which environmental characteristics are crucial for conservation of amphibians. While most research assesses habitat conditions at the breeding site (i.e., pond or wetland), for many species this misrepresents annual habitat use as many migrate to terrestrial habitats once breeding is completed. To provide a comprehensive assessment of annual habitat use, we evaluated how anuran (i.e., frog and toad) breeding site occupancy related to three life-history scales: breeding, migration and dispersal. Basically, the three scales define …
Climate Change And Conservation Of Milkweed: Evidence Of Extensive Admixture Between Common Milkweed And Poke Milkweed, Elizabeth Davies
Climate Change And Conservation Of Milkweed: Evidence Of Extensive Admixture Between Common Milkweed And Poke Milkweed, Elizabeth Davies
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Global climate change can drive many changes in species interactions. One primary way it affects species is by changing climates, causing species to expand their ranges and allowing them to interact with species from whom they were previously isolated. In plants, new species interactions can result in hybridization – the creation of hybrid offspring between two separate species. This hybridization can increase gene flow between the species and lead to introgression, the transfer of genetic material from one species to another through hybrid backcrossing with the parent species. My thesis investigates hybridization in the model system Asclepias (milkweed) by analyzing …
Using A Machine Learning Model To Predict Plant Inflorescences Based Upon Its Soil Microbiome, Luke Denoncourt
Using A Machine Learning Model To Predict Plant Inflorescences Based Upon Its Soil Microbiome, Luke Denoncourt
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The UN estimates that the global population could reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (United Nations). As a result, the amount of food required to feed humanity is thought to double by 2050 (Ray et al., 2012). Humanity must find a way to increase crop production without increasing fertilizer usage and eutrophication, which can be done using the soil microbiome. Using potted plants with soils inoculated with Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas denitrificans, Bacillus polymyxa, and Mycobacterium phlei, both the shoot and root growth of pea and cotton plants was significantly increased (Egamberdieva & Höflich, 2004). In this study, utilizing a random forest …
The Role Of Stm1987 And Arti In Arginine Response Of Salmonella Typhimurium, Deeba Mohseni
The Role Of Stm1987 And Arti In Arginine Response Of Salmonella Typhimurium, Deeba Mohseni
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Cyclic-di-GMP, a common bacterial second messenger, has been thought to help develop virulence and biofilms in bacteria, most specifically in Salmonella Typhimurium. By being able to dysregulate cyclic-di-GMP production, virulence may be better combatted. STM1987, an L-arginine-responsive diguanylate cyclase with a periplasmic sensory domain, dimerizes and generates the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in response to the amino acid L-arginine in a pathway that also requires the periplasmic L-arginine-binding protein ArtI. Their biochemical responses to L-arginine and when they dimerize could help clarify this pathway, so I sought to develop a periplasmic dimerization sensor to better monitor these biochemical interactions. Similar …
The Effects Of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Responding For Non-Drug Reinforcers In Rats., Anna Radford
The Effects Of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Responding For Non-Drug Reinforcers In Rats., Anna Radford
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Although cannabis is widely consumed by humans for the intoxicating effects that are mediated by delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), pre-clinical models of THC self-administration have been difficult to establish. We hypothesized that THC may have reinforcement enhancing effects comparable to other drugs (e.g., nicotine and caffeine), which are also widely consumed by humans but difficult to establish as primary reinforcers in non-human animals. To investigate whether THC is a reinforcement enhancer, male (M, n=8) and female (F, n=8) rats were shaped to self-administer a reinforcing saccharin (SACC) solution (0.2% w/v) in standard operant chambers equipped with infrared beams to monitor locomotor …
An Assessment Evaluating The Possible Participation Of A Virtual Nutrition Education Program For Older Adults, Ashlyn Cobble
An Assessment Evaluating The Possible Participation Of A Virtual Nutrition Education Program For Older Adults, Ashlyn Cobble
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The importance of proper nutrition education among older adults is crucial in promoting overall physical health and management of chronic health conditions. However, access to such education has been limited, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the current boom in social media popularity, as well as virtual communication portals such as Zoom, the question must be asked if nutrition education could be effectively implemented for the use of older adults through these electronic channels. The study design for this particular research was a cross sectional survey to inform development of an online nutrition education program for older adults in Northeast …
Severe Hypoxia Up-Regulates Gluconeogenesis In Daphnia, Morad C. Malek
Severe Hypoxia Up-Regulates Gluconeogenesis In Daphnia, Morad C. Malek
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Hypoxia is a significant low oxygen state that has complex and diverse impacts on organisms. In aerobes, various adaptive responses to hypoxia are observed that vary depending on the level of oxygen depletion and previous adaptation, hence the continued attention to hypoxia as an important abiotic stressor. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are primarily governed by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which activate downstream genetic pathways responsible for oxygen transport and metabolic plasticity. In aquatic habitats, oxygen availability can vary greatly over time and space. Therefore, aquatic organisms’ adaptation to hypoxia is likely pervasive, especially in genotypes originating from waterbodies prone to …
Vitamin D And Its In Vitro Therapeutic Action Mediated Through Vdr Rather Than Pdia3, Jaeden Pyburn
Vitamin D And Its In Vitro Therapeutic Action Mediated Through Vdr Rather Than Pdia3, Jaeden Pyburn
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Brain calcification is a common occurrence in the aging process, with >20% of individuals over the age of 65 showing hardened plaques in the basal ganglia. Loss of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in transgenic mice leads to formation of calcified plaques in the basal ganglia and thalamus within the mice. Vitamin D signals through two known vitamin D responsive proteins, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) and VDR. In vitro, vitamin D has been demonstrated to suppress calcification in osteoblast-like cells. Here, we aim to elucidate which of either PDIA3 or VDR transduce vitamin D mediated suppression of calcification in …
Identification Of Genetic Elements Involved In Alcaligenes Faecalis’ Inhibitory Mechanism Against Polymicrobial Species, Abigail Mathis
Identification Of Genetic Elements Involved In Alcaligenes Faecalis’ Inhibitory Mechanism Against Polymicrobial Species, Abigail Mathis
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The rise of antibiotic resistance in common human pathogens and the lack of development of novel therapeutic treatments has created a threat to global health. A unique source for potential novel treatments are from microorganisms, particularly within the complex, antagonistic polymicrobial interactions that take place in microbial communities. These unique mechanisms utilized by microorganisms to fight each other could potentially identify novel therapeutic targets for use at a clinical level, however, there is a lack of research in this area to determine its applicability. Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative bacterium that seldom causes human disease and has been observed in …
Simulating Polistes Dominulus Nest-Building Heuristics With Deterministic And Markovian Properties, Benjamin Pottinger
Simulating Polistes Dominulus Nest-Building Heuristics With Deterministic And Markovian Properties, Benjamin Pottinger
Undergraduate Honors Theses
European Paper Wasps (Polistes dominula) are social insects that build round, symmetrical nests. Current models indicate that these wasps develop colonies by following simple heuristics based on nest stimuli. Computer simulations can model wasp behavior to imitate natural nest building. This research investigated various building heuristics through a novel Markov-based simulation. The simulation used a hexagonal grid to build cells based on the building rule supplied to the agent. Nest data was compared with natural data and through visual inspection. Larger nests were found to be less compact for the rules simulated.
The Characterization Of The Type I Dna Methyltransferase Hsdm1 (Hp0463) In Helicobacter Pylori, Elise Zimmerman
The Characterization Of The Type I Dna Methyltransferase Hsdm1 (Hp0463) In Helicobacter Pylori, Elise Zimmerman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the gastric epithelium and is the leading cause of gastric adenocarcinoma globally. For both H. pylori and many other bacterial species, there is an increasing body of evidence that methylation by restriction-modification systems regulates gene expression in addition to its traditional role in genome protection. The study aimed to further elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori achieves methylome plasticity. We demonstrated that the Type I DNA methyltransferase hsdM1 (HP0463) is regulated by the main acid sensing mechanism of H. pylori, the two-component system (TCS) ArsRS. ArsRS induces hsdM1 …
Investigating The Effect Of Longhorned Milkweed Beetle Larval Root Feeding On Resprouting In Common Milkweed, Margaret Donnan
Investigating The Effect Of Longhorned Milkweed Beetle Larval Root Feeding On Resprouting In Common Milkweed, Margaret Donnan
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Clonal reproduction is an important form of reproduction for many plants, and plants can grow clonally through a variety of methods, such as belowground stems, specialized organs, or adventitious buds on their roots (Herben and Klimešová 2020). In plants that reproduce via buds on their roots, researchers have shown that damage to roots can stimulate bud production and sprouting (Bartušková and Klimešová 2010). Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) is a root- sprouting perennial plant that receives yearly damage to its roots via the feeding of the larvae of the specialist longhorned milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus) (Erwin et al. 2013). In this …
Carrying Capacity Of Cultured Bivalves In Cherrystone Inlet, Va, And The Implications Of Spatial Distribution And Environmental Change, Sophia Chirico
Carrying Capacity Of Cultured Bivalves In Cherrystone Inlet, Va, And The Implications Of Spatial Distribution And Environmental Change, Sophia Chirico
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Aquaculture is a growing industry internationally. In the United States, aquaculture of bivalves occurs throughout the Chesapeake Bay. Cherrystone Inlet, a tidal inlet on the Virginia Eastern Shore, is the location of intensive hard clam culture, and recently oyster aquaculture has become common there as well. Given the intensive culture in Cherrystone and similar systems in the Chesapeake, it is important to understand the carrying capacity of the respective bivalves and how they can be grown together. Carrying capacity is defined here as the largest population of individuals that can be supported that allows individuals to reach a harvestable size …