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Determination Of Probiotic And/Or Chlortetracycline Inclusion Effects On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, H. Williams, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. G. Amachawadi, T. G. Nagaraja, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 nursery pigs (DNA 200 × 400, Columbus, NE; initially 13.0 lb BW) were used in a 42-d study evaluating the effects of feeding chlortetracycline (CTC) in combination with probiotics on nursery pig performance. Probiotics are a class of antimicrobial alternatives designed to enhance growth performance and digestive tract health. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and allotted to pens based on initial BW. Pigs were fed a common pelleted starter diet for 4 d and then weighed, and pens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments based on BW in a completely …

Soil Microbial Activity With Depth In Claypan Soils Of Southeast Kansas, C. J. Hsiao, Gretchen Sassenrath, Charles Rice, L. Zeglin, G. Hettiarachchi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enzyme activities in soil indicate the relative activities of microbes, which include bacteria, fungi, algae, and other organisms. Changes in soil management alter the composition and activity of soil microbes. Plants rely on soil microbes to break down soil nutrients, and make those nutrients available for plant growth. Symbiotic relationships between soil microbes and plants enhance plant growth and productivity. Alternatively, antagonistic relationships between the soil microbial community and plants limit plant production. Soil dwellers such as nematodes or disease-causing fungi such asMacrophomina phaseolina(the fungus responsible for charcoal rot) can be particularly deleterious to crop growth and yield. …

Kansas River Valley Experiment Field, Eric Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas River Valley Experiment Field was established to study management and effective use of irrigation resources for crop production in the Kansas River Valley (KRV). The Paramore Unit consists of 80 acres located 3.5 miles east of Silver Lake on U.S. Highway 24, then 1 mile south of Kiro, and 1.5 miles east on 17th street. The Rossville Unit consists of 80 acres located 1 mile east of Rossville or 4 miles west of Silver Lake on U.S. Highway 24.

Tillage Study For Corn And Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, And No-Till, Eric Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The need for tillage in corn and soybean production in the Kansas River Valley continues to be debated. The soils of the Kansas River Valley are highly variable, with much of the soil sandy to silty loam in texture. These soils tend to be relatively low in organic matter (<2%) and susceptible to wind erosion. Although typically well drained, these soils can develop compaction layers under certain conditions. A tillage study was initiated in the fall of 2011 at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field near Topeka to compare deep vs. shallow vs. no-till vs. deep tillage in alternate years. Corn and soybean crops will be rotated annually. This is intended to be a long-term study to determine if soil characteristics and yields change in response to a history of each tillage system.

2015 Kansas Winter Annual Forage Variety Trial, J. D. Holman, T. Roberts, S. Maxwell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 16 winter annual forage varieties were tested for performance near Garden City, KS, at the Southwest Research-Extension Center in 2014-2015. Winter crops evaluated included wheat, triticale, and cereal rye.

Fallow Weed Control With Preemergence Applications Of Balance Pro, Corvus, Banvel, Atrazine, And Authority Mtz, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Atrazine alone applied in the fall was less effective for kochia and Russian thistle control than other fall- or spring-applied herbicides in early summer. In mid season, control of kochia and Russian thistle was 85% or less with all fall-applied herbicides. Banvel (dicamba) increased kochia control when added to Balance Pro (isoxaflutole), plus Autumn Super (iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone), plus atrazine applied in the spring at mid season. All other spring herbicides were similar for kochia control. Russian thistle control was similar among all spring-applied herbicides except atrazine plus Banvel.

Effects Of Aminogut And Diet Formulation Approach On Growth Performance And Economic Return In Nursery Pigs, M. A. Gonçalves, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, K. Touchette, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Diets containing animal protein sources have higher levels of glutamine than diets based on plant protein sources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of AminoGut (Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Chicago, IL) and protein source (animal vs. plant proteins) on growth performance and economic return in nursery pigs from 12 to 60 lb. AminoGut is a product that contains both glutamine and glutamate. A total of 1,134 pigs (337 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN, initially 11.6 ± 0.18 lb BW) were used in a 52-d trial. At the beginning of the experiment, pigs were weighed in pens, …

Effect Of Feeding Varying Levels Of Lactobacillus Plantarum On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (PIC C-29 × 359, initially 13.1 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth performance trial evaluating the effects of feeding varying levels of Lactobacillus plantarum on nursery pig performance. Pigs were allotted by BW and sex, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were fed in three phases (Phase 1, d 0 to 7; Phase 2, d 7 to 21, and Phase 3, d 21 to 42). Treatment diets were formulated to include 0, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20%Lactobacillus plantarumproduct (LP1; Nutraferma Inc., Sioux …

Performance Of Beef Replacement Heifers Supplemented With Dried Distillers Grains Or A Mixture Of Soybean Meal And Ground Sorghum Grain, C. J. Mcmullen, J. R. Jaeger, K. R. Harmoney, J. W. Waggoner, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The feed, labor, and equipment costs of developing heifers in a confined feeding system are relatively high. High Plains beef producers can reduce input costs by developing heifers on dormant native range; however, heifers are typically unable to consume sufficient crude protein (CP) from the low-quality (<7% CP) forage base.

Insufficient dietary protein reduces forage digestion and performance potential of growing heifers. Supplementing protein when forage quality was poor has previously been reported to increase forage intake and forage digestibility, which resulted in acceptable levels of performance.

An efficient means of supplying supplemental protein to heifers consuming low-quality forage is through the use …

Comparing Standing Heat And Estrotect Heat Detection Patches, S. K. Johnson, J. R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A recent survey showed that 66% of producers surveyed used some amount of heat detection in their artificial insemination program, and 74% of producers that used heat detection aids had tried Estrotect (Rockway, Inc.; Spring Valley, WS) heat detection patches. The peel-and-stick application made Estrotect more popular than types that required adhesive application. The patches are designed so that when the animal is mounted the top surface layer is removed, much like scratching a lottery ticket. After several mounts the entire layer is removed, leaving a bright-colored surface behind. A new type of patch, Standing Heat (Standing Heat, LLC; Dannebrog, …

Purpose, Acknowledgments, Contributors, K. R. Harmoney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center–Hays. The 2016 program is the 102nd staging of Roundup. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel.

The research program of the Agricultural Research Center–Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in …

Foreword, Dairy Research 2016, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Kansas State University is pleased to present the 2016 Dairy Research Report of Progress.

Increasing Estrus Expression In Lactating Dairy Cows, J. A. Sauls, B. E. Voelz, J. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report summarizes the use of various hormones in an attempt to induce greater estrus expression of lactating dairy cows. Average detection of estrus (<50%) in most U.S. dairy herds has been identified as a problem limiting reproductive efficiency. Detection of estrus plays an important role in reproductive management in U.S. dairy herds despite the adoption of fixed-time artificial insemination programs. When estrus was detected by an activity monitoring system or a rump-mounted device, supplementing cows with progesterone before induction of luteolysis resulted in greater intensity of estrus when compared with controls. In addition, administering estradiol cypionate at 24 h after induced luteolysis resulted in greater frequency of estrus expression compared with cows treated with testosterone propionate or controls when assessed by an activity monitor. Activity monitoring systems achieved heat-detection rates of approximately 70% (80% with estradiol) and are likely cost effective for herds achieving less than that level of heat detection.

Acknowledgments, Dairy Research 2016, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Appreciation is expressed to the following organizations for their support of dairy teaching, research, and extension at Kansas State University during 2015-2016.

Effects Of Dietary Zinc Source And Level On Mammary Epithelia And Dairy Food Chemistry, J. Shaffer, K. Pandalaneni, L. Mamedova, J. Defrain, J. Amamcharla, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve lactating Holstein cows (132 ± 21 days in milk) were enrolled in a Latin square experiment to explore the extent to which source and amount of supplemental dietary Zn can impact barrier function of mammary epithelial tissue. Cows received either 970 mg supplemental Zn/day as ZnSO₄(LS), 1,640 mg supplemental Zn/day as ZnSO₄(HS), or 1,680 mg supplemental Zn/day as a mixture of ZnSO₄and Zn methionine complex (HC). Treatments lasted for 17 days followed by 4 days of sample collection. Blood and milk were collected and analyzed for markers of blood-milk leak including plasma lactose …

Generating An Equation To Predict Post- Farrow Maternal Weight In Multiple Parity Sows, L. L. Thomas, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

ost-farrow maternal weight is required when partitioning maternal and fetal weight gains throughout gestation. Equations were developed from the analysis of 150 females (Line 1050, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) to predict the weight of conceptus by difference of pre- and post-farrowing weight change in multi-parity sows. Females were individually weighed as they were moved into the farrowing house at d 110 to 112 of gestation and again at 12 to 24 h after farrowing. Data were divided into 4 groups: (1) parity 1 sows; (2) parity 2 sows; (3) parity 3 sows; and (4) parity 4+ sows. Each group tested 3 …

Effects Of Increasing Space Allowance By Removing A Pig Or Gate Adjustment On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, C. Holder, C. Carpenter, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 256 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 123.1 lb) were used in a 71 d growth study to compare the effects of increasing space allowance by removing a pig or gate adjustment, on finishing pig growth performance. At the initiation of the trial, pens of pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to 1 of 4 space allowance treatments. The 4 treatments included: 1) 9.8 ft²/pig or 2) 6.8 ft²/pig for the entire study with treatments 3 and 4 initially providing 6.8 ft², but either a gate was adjusted or the …

Effects Of Increasing Zn From Zinc Sulfate Or Zinc Hydroxychloride On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Economic Return, C. Carpenter, K. Coble, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. Usry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,008 pigs [TR4 (Fast × L02 PIC; initially 70.6 lb BW)] were used in a 103-d growth study to determine the effects of Zn source and level on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economic return. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of Zn source (ZnSO_⁴; Agrium Advance Technology, Loveland, CO, or Zn hydroxychloride; Intellibond-Z®; Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN) and level (50, 100, or 150 ppm added Zn). The trace mineral premix was formulated to contain no added Zn. There were 21 pigs per pen and …

Effect Of Sample Preparation And Extended Mix Times With Different Salt Particle Sizes On The Uniformity Of Mix Of A Corn-Soybean Meal Swine Diet, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. K. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, C. R. Stark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The uniformity of a feed mixture is determined from the coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 samples in a single batch of feed. The feed industry standard is a CV of less than 10% using a single source tracer, such as salt, trace minerals, or iron filings. The objectives of these experiments were to determine the effects of 1) extended mix time, 2) particle size of the marker, and 3) sample preparation on the CV in a corn-soybean meal swine diet. In Experiment 1, treatments were arranged in a 3 × 7 factorial with main effects of 3 salt particle …

Nitrous Oxide Emissions And Carbon Sequestration In Turfgrass: Effects Of Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilization (Year 1), R. Braun, D. Bremer, J. Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In this study, annual nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions were greatest in urea and least in untreated (no N) among treatments. Differences were negligible due to irrigation treatment. Irrigation levels may be decreased further in the final year to induce slight stress on the low irrigation treatment. All fertilizer treatments maintained acceptable quality, however the controlled-release fertilizer resulted in more consistent visual quality ratings compared to urea and untreated. Urea fertilizer had higher peak fluxes after fertilization and overall annual emissions than polymer-coated N-fertilizer. Thus, controlled released N fertilizers, such as polymer-coated urea, in turfgrass systems could potentially help …

Influence Of Glyphosate Timings On Conversion Of Golf Course Rough From Tall Fescue To ‘Sharps Improved Ii’ Buffalograss, J. Reeves, J. Hoyle, D. Bremer, S. Keeley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All treatments, except the control that received no glyphosate application, resulted in acceptable buffalograss establishment (>90% buffalograss green cover) by 70 days after seeding (DAS). However, any treatment not sprayed prior to seeding date or that received a 7 DAS application lagged behind in establishment for 6 weeks after seeding.

Evaluating The Effects Of Simulated Golf Cart Traffic On Dormant Buffalograss And Turfgrass Colorants, E. Alderman, J. Hoyle, J. Fry, S. Keeley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Percent green cover will ultimately decrease over time when traffic is applied to dormant buffalograss with turfgrass colorants. Data suggests that an additional five weeks of acceptable green cover can be achieved under high traffic situations when Endurant Premium is applied to dormant turf.

Development Of Cold Hardy, Large Patch Resistant Zoysiagrass Cultivars For The Transition Zone, Mingying Xiang, J. Fry, M. Kennelly

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

TAES 5645, aZ. japonicagenotype that exhibited resistance to large patch in preliminary studies, was used as a breeding parent and crossed with 22 cold hardy zoysiagrasses, resulting in 985 progeny. These progeny were evaluated for cold hardiness and agronomic traits (establishment rate, overall quality, spring greenup, leaf texture, and genetic color) in Manhattan, KS; West Lafayette, IN; and Dallas, TX; from 2012 to 2014. From this work, 60 progeny were identified for further evaluation in larger plots. During the 2015-2016 establishment year, experimental line 6102-47 showed good vigor and spring green up rate, which is comparable to ‘Meyer,’ …

Evaluating Zoysiagrass-Tall Fescue Mixtures In Kansas, Mingying Xiang, J. Fry, M. Kennelly

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seeding zoysiagrass at 1 lb PLS/1,000 sq ft in June with subsequent seeding of tall fescue into established zoysiagrass in September at 8 lbs PLS/1,000 sq ft resulted in the best mixture of these two species.

Timing Of Strobilurin Fungicide For Control Of Top Dieback In Corn, Eric Adee, Stu Duncan

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Significant yield losses can result from top dieback (TDB) in dent corn (Zea mays), which is caused by infection by the fungus causing anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola). Research is limited on the effectiveness of fungicide application because of the unpredictable nature of the disease. Two field studies were established to assess the timing of fungicide application on TDB, one in Illinois (2010) and the other in Kansas (2015). Fungicide applications at tasseling (VT) and later were effective in reducing the incidence of TDB 20 to 30% and increasing yield 15 to 19 bu/a, or up to 10%, …

High-Yielding Soybean: Genetic Gain × Fertilizer Nitrogen Interaction, I. A. Ciampitti, J. Kimball, Eric Adee, O. Ortez, G. I. Carmona

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The U.S. accounts for 35% of the global soybean production. Potential soybean yields are determined by the interaction of genotype, environment, and management practices (G × E × M). The question “Do high yielding soybean need to be fertilized with nitrogen (N)?” is still a valid one. The overall objective of this project is to study the contribution of N via utilization of varying N strategies under historical and current soybean genotypes. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2015 growing season at Ottawa (east central KS) and at Ashland Bottoms (central KS). Three soybeans varieties were used (1990s = …

Nitrogen And Sulfur Fertilization Effects On Camelina Sativa In West Central Kansas, E. Obeng, A. Obour, N. O. Nelson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Camelina sativais early maturing and possesses characteristics that make it a good fit as a rotation crop in dryland wheat cropping systems. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) play very important roles in oilseed production, including camelina. This study was conducted over 3 years to determine N and S rates necessary for optimum camelina production in west central Kansas. The experiment was set up as randomized complete blocks with four replications in a split-plot arrangement. Treatments were two sulfur rates (0 and 18 lb/a) as the main plots, and four N rates (0, 20, 40, and 80 lb/a) as the …

Evaluating The Interaction Between Chelated Iron Source And Placement On Phosphorus Availability In Soybean, C. L. Edwards, D. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In agriculture, chelating agents are used to supplement micronutrients, such as iron (Fe). However, little research has been conducted at the field-scale level to evaluate chelating agent effects on phosphorus (P). The objectives of this study were to evaluate three commercially available chelated Fe sources on early soybean growth and nutrient uptake. The study was conducted at six locations in 2014 and 2015. The experimental design was a randomized, complete block with a factorial treatment arrangement. The two factors included fertilizer source and fertilizer placement. The fertilizer sources were P only, EDTA-Fe, HEDTA-Fe, and one glucoheptonate product, Cee*Quest N5Fe758 (CQ-758), …

Tillage And Nitrogen Placement Effects On Yields In A Short-Season Corn/Wheat/Double-Crop Soybean Rotation, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

(Abstract only. Link to: http://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol1/iss4/2/) Article is nearly identical toTillage and Nitrogen Placement Effects on Yields in a Short-Season Corn/Wheat/Double-Crop Soybean Rotationpreviously published in Southeast Agricultural Research Center 2015.

Overall in 2014, adding nitrogen (N) improved average wheat yields, but different N placement methods resulted in similar yields. Double-crop soybean yields were unaffected by tillage or the residual from N treatments that were applied to the previous wheat crop.

Long-Term Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization Of Irrigated Grain Sorghum, A. Schlegel, H. D. Bond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-term research shows that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer must be applied to optimize production of irrigated grain sorghum in western Kansas. In 2015, N applied alone increased yields 66 bu/a, whereas N and P applied together increased yields up to 92 bu/a. Averaged across the past 10 years, N and P fertilization increased sorghum yields up to 76 bu/a. Application of 40 lb/a N (with P) was sufficient to produce 88% of maximum yield in 2015 which is slightly above the 10-year average. Application of potassium (K) has had no effect on sorghum yield throughout the study period. …