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Leaf Epidermal Transmittance Of Ultraviolet Radiation And Its Implication For Plant Sensitivity To Ultraviolet-Radiation Injury, Ronald Robberecht

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (280-400 nm) was examined in several plant species to determine the capability of the epidermis to attenuate solar ultraviolet radiation. Epidermal samples were mechanically isolated and examined with a spectroradiometer/integrating sphere for transmittance. A survey of 25 species exposed to natural insolation was conducted. Although the species differed in life form, habitat type, and epidermal characteristics, epidermal transmittance was generally less than 10%. Ultraviolet radiation was attenuated 95 to 99% in more than half of the species. In 16 species, flavonoid and related pigments in the epidermis accounted for 20 to 57% of the …

Model Studies For Molybdenum Enzymes. The Reduction Of Cytochrome C By Molybdenum(V)-Cysteine Complexes, Glen D. Lawrence

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The reduction of ferricytochrome c ( cyt c^III), as well as some iron ligand complexes and chemically modified derivatives of cyt c^III, by two molybdenum(V)-cysteine complexes has been investigated as a model for electron transfer in molybdenum enzymes. The reduction of cyt c^III by di-μ-oxo-bis [oxo(L-cysteinato)molybdate(V)] (I) is first order in cyt c^III and zero order in I over a wide range in concentration of I at neutral pH. The reduction of cyt c^III by μ-oxo-bisfoxodihydroxo(L-cysteinato) molybdate(V)] (II) is first order in both reactants and has a rate several orders of magnitude greater …

An Economic Analysis Of Sprinkling For Bloom Delay And Freeze Protection Of Apples In Farmington, Utah, Jay Val Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major purpose of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of bloom delay by sprinkling as a means of protecting delicious apples from frost. The framework of this study is based on decision making theory under uncertainty. It demonstrates the usefulness of the Bayesian approach to determine optimum action to take in face of uncertain climatic conditions. The economic analysis was conducted for Farmington, Utah, where significant relationships were found between the end of winter rest (end of chill-unit accumulation) and time of full bloom of red delicious apples.

A posteriori probabilities for the state of nature were …

Breeding Biology And Pesticide-Pcb Contamination Of Western Grebe At Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Mark L. Lindvall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The breeding biology of western grebe was studied at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah in 1973 and 1974. More than 300 nests were located and data gathered on nesting habitat and success. Western grebe at Bear River selected nest sites for nearness to open water of approximately 30 em in depth. At least one young was hatching in 21 percent of the nests. Avian predation and abandonment of nests following drops in water levels caused the greatest loss of nests. Chlorinated hydrocarbons monitored in western grebes showed DDE, DDD, PCB, 1260, and PCB 1254 levels in 24 breast muscle …

A Hydrology Temperature Model For A Small Mountain Watershed, Charles Wilson Pettee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A small mountain watershed located in the Wasatch Mountains of North Central Utah is calibrated to a lumped, deterministic simulation model which is capable of predicting daily streamflow and stream temperature. The input information required is daily precipitation and maximum and minimum air temperatures.

In this study, the area of watershed modeling is reviewed in general and as it specifically applies to the study watershed.

The degree of correlation between observed data and predicted output is only mediocre. The model remains unverified for streamflow prediction and is poorly verified for stream temperature.

Reproduction By Adfluvial Salmonids In Spawn Creek, Cache County, Utah, David R. Bernard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The migration and production of indigenous populations of brown, brook, and cutthroat trouts in Spawn Creek, Cache County, Utah, were studied in 1973 and 1974 to elucidate the role of this stream vis-a-vis the rest of the watershed. Spawn Creek and its watershed were described climatically, hydrologically, geologically, vegetatively, recreationally, and chemically. The prevalent, aquatic taxa of fauna and flora were also listed. The equipment and techniques used in the study to collect data, including a two-way fish trap and electro-fishing gear, were delineated. The collected data consisted of periodic estimates of mean weight and density stratified by year classes. …

Effects Of Forced Exercise On Fertility, Parturition, Mammary Edema, Feed Consumption, And Milk Production In Two-Year-Old Holstein Dairy Heifers, Brent O. Barker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-two springer Holstein heifers were grouped in threes by sire, body weight, and due date. One of each group served as a control (no exercise). One of each group was exercised at 5.5 kilometers per hour for 1.6 kilometers per day, 5 days per week beginning 4 weeks before expected calving date . The third member of each group was exercised the same as the second member, but exercise was continued for 10 days after calving. Exercise was in a circular lane with a motor driven gate. Prepartum exercise increased ease of parturition and reduced the length of time from …

The Effects Of Chemical And Cultural Treatments On Gibberellin Levels In Strawberry Leaves And On The Induction Of Secondary Flowering, Richard N. Arteca

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Gibberellins 3, 4 and 7 were isolated from "Shasta" Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) leaves and identified by gas and thin layer chromatography. In young expanding leaves GA₃ occurred at 5 times the concentration of either GA₄ or GA₇.

CCC (2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride), SADH (Succinamic acid-2,2-dimethyl hydrazide), ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), and UBI-P293 (2,3-dihydro-5-6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin) were applied to established plantings of three June-bearing strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Ouch.) cultivars: 11 Shasta, 11 "Fresno" and "Tioga." Treatments were applied on alternate days for three weeks following anthesis of the king blossom. Levels of GA₃ and GA_{4 …}

The Anti-Thyroid Effects Of Halogenated Phenols And Pyridinols, Leland Steven Beck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research was initiated to determine the mechanism(s) of action that could explain increased weight gain and decreased milk production in dairy cattle fed corn silage containing residues of certain organophosphate pesticides. It was proposed that the mode of action involved and alteration of thyroid physiology by the metabolites of the pesticides, namely halogenated phenols. Studies were carried out to determine the effect of tri-halogenated phenols and pyridinols upon T₄-binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to liver mitochondria isolated from male rats. Using the rat as a model, feeding trials were performed to determine the effect of …

Riparian Environmental – Vegetation Interrelationships Along The Lower Escalante River Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah, James R. Irvine

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies of environmental and riparian vegetation interrelationships along the lower Escalante River were conducted during 1974 and 1975. The study area included the Escalante River flood terrace between Harris Wash and Coyote Gulch.

Methods were developed compatible for wilderness use. Sixty-nine 1 x 10 meter macro-plots were taken at 23 locations. Measurements were taken of major environmental parameters thought to influence riparian vegetation: stratigraphy, soil texture and moisture, river bank angle and aspect, and height and width of flood terraces.

Canyon profile was found to be strongly influenced by geologic strata. Resistance to erosion by these strata determines canyon fluctuations …

Nitrogen Fertilization Studies In Dryland Winter Wheat And Potential Nitrogen Losses From The Soil At The Blue Creek Experimental Station In Northern Utah, Subhawat Intalop

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study compared the effects of nitrogen sources on the available inorganic soil nitrogen, nitrogen movement, nitrogen losses, and wheat yields when nitrogen fertilizers were applied to soil planted to dryland winter wheat at the Blue Creek Experimental Station in northern Utah.

In the fall 1973 soil samplings, the fertilizers producing the largest mineral nitrogen contents in the 0-30 cm soil depths were ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > S-coated urea, when they were broadcast at the practical rate of 56 kg N/ha. There was no increase in the mineral nitrogen at the deeper depths in the fall or at any depth …

Role Theory Considered As An Influence On Criminal And Deviant Behavior In The Utah State Park System -- A Manager Problem, Gerald R. Grove Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individual attitudes toward law enforcement and perceptions of camper role skills, along with a knowledge of park and campground rules, were measured with a questionnaire and compared through Partial Correlation and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations. Demographic information was also gathered and compared with the attitude and rules knowledge data for significance.

Results showed that attitude toward law enforcement and attitude toward camper role skills are significantly related. Attitude toward law enforcement and knowledge of rules also proved to have a significant relationship. However, attitude toward camper role skills had no statistical relationship to rules knowledge. The demographic data was found to …

Corn Yields As Influenced By Irrigation Levels During Different Growth Stages, G. Dennis Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Corn dry matter and grain yields were evaluated for 40 unique limited irrigation treatments and compared to a standard nonlimited treatment. The various treatments were imposed by an interaction of time (i.e., growth stage) and water level . Irrigation was so scheduled that each treatment received water at evaporative demand rates during either the vegetative or the pollination stage . The total irrigation water applied for the growing season ranged from 11 em to 43 em.

Dry matter and grain yields were essentially the same for all treatments. Limited irrigation in the vegetative stage did not reduce growth if there …

Ecology Of The Common Snipe In Northern Utah, Samuel C. Winegardner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study addresses five areas relating to the biology and management of common snipe (Capella gallinago), including habitat requirements, food habits, breeding biology, sexing and aging and census techniques.

The primary habitat requirement of snipe was determined to be areas that were saturated or covered with shallow water. Secondary requirements were vegetation of less than 3 decimeters in height and between 30 and 50 percent density.

Food habit studies determined that snipe selected animal material with larger and more abundant organisms being preferred without regard to species . Plant material appeared to be ingested only incidentally.

Common snipe …

Consumer Profile Differences Among Utah And Idaho Boaters, Thomas D. Singleton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the consumer characteristics of boaters in Utah and Idaho. This has entailed a descriptive analysis of boater's socio-economic profiles, facilities and equipment, preferences and attitudes, and activity patterns.

Concomitantly a test of the hypothesis that boating is not a homogenous recreational activity was attempted. Two statistical analyses were carried out. The first test was to determine whether the profiles of boaters having different activity specialities differed. This was accomplished by finding the means of selected boater characteristics (i.e., income, children, length of boat) for each boating speciality. The L.S.D. multiple …

Selected Vitamin Status Of Elderly People In Southern Utah Measured Biochemically And Dietarily, And Correlated To Their Perceived Status, Karen Sims Faddis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the diets of elderly people in southern Utah. Three types of information were used in the analysis: biochemical, dietary, and the subject's analysis of his diet. Four vitamins were studied: vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin.

Dietary data was obtained on the four vitamins and compared by sex and by age. Thiamin and riboflavin dietary levels were evaluated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), to determine the quality of the diet according to the total calories consumed. Seasonal differences between fall and spring data were evaluated.

Plasma vitamin A, plasma …

Migration Patterns Of High School Vocational Agricultural Graduates Of Utah In 1949 And A Comparison With Ohio Graduates, Keith L. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the migration patterns of vocational agricultural graduates in Utah during the first 5 years following their high school graduation in 1969, and compare these patterns with Ohio graduates of 1963. Former graduates of 23 of the qualifying 28 departments were included in this study. A random sample of students were surveyed.

Forty percent of the 1969 graduates were engaged in agricultural occupations or agricultural study in college. A total of 30.6 percent of the graduates had moved from their home communities since graduating from high school. More than 88 percent of the …

Plant Demographic Studies Of Tall Threetip Sagebrush-Grass Vegetation On The Eastern Snake River Plains, Idaho, Kenneth Harold Rea

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It has commonly been assumed that grazing decreases the longevity of plants, however, very few studies address this question. Knowledge of mean age, longevity and other aspects of population dynamics would help improve estimates of productivity and nutrient cycling and aid understanding of range condition and trend. These data would also aid in developing a theory of community organization and control.

As a step toward these ends, pantograph records from twelve 1 m² plots established at the U. S. Sheep Station on the Snake River Plains of southeastern Idaho between 1923 and 1935 were examined. The plots were mapped …

Aerial Photography In Estimating Waterfowl Populations In Northern Utah, Timothy H. Provan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this project was to evaluate effectiveness of aerial photography as a waterfowl census technique. An aerial photographic pattern was formulated and tested during the spring and fall months of 1971 and 1972 at Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area, Weber County, Utah. The reliability and feasibility of the technique for censusing waterfowl proved effective and practical.

Eight flights per season, 4 routes per flight, and 30 photos per route taken over unit 1 of the Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area was the experimental design or pattern for the study. The level of accuracy and the cost involved with …

Plant Demographic Studies Of A Desert Annuals Community In Northern Utah Dominated By Nonnative Weedy Species, David R. Duba

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field and laboratory investigations were conducted relating to factors controlling distribution and abundance of annual species growing in a disturbed portion of the salt desert shrub zone on fine-textured soils. Dominant species on the site in the two study years were the nonnative, Halophytic, late-summer maturing, Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey., and Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze. Contrasting amounts of precipitation were received in the two years; in 1974, spring conditions were so dry that two early-maturing, sub-dominant annuals, Descurainia pinnata (walt.) Britton, and Lepidium perfoliatum L. were essentially absent. They successfully reproduced under more favorable 1975 conditions.

Studies on species …

Demographic Analysis Of A Utah-Idaho Coyote Population, Jeffrey J. Knudsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I estimated various demographic parameters of the coyote population in Curlew Valley, northern Utah and southern Idaho, during the period August 1972 through September 1974. Field work provided estimates of relative and absolute coyote densities and established causes of coyote mortality. Laboratory analyses of 866 coyote carcasses supplied information on sex and age ratios, ovulation frequencies, pregnancy rates, and litter sizes.

Annual ovulation frequencies and pregnancy rates for the entire population varied from 70 to 92 percent and 57 to 88 percent respectively. Age-specific ovulation frequencies varied from 63 to 91 percent, respectively, for pups and adults. Similarly, age-specific pregnancy …

Projected Employment And Population Impacts Of Oil Shale Development In Uintah County, Utah, Muin S. Kakish

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study provides a critique of regional base method for population and employment impacts. It uses a new approach to calculate the regional employment multiplier. The new approach tries to preserve the advantages of the regional base method and at the same time avoid some of the problems associated with it.

This study estimates the changes in local service employment by industry and population in Uintah County, Utah, resulting from an oil shale development project with a 100,000 barrel-per-day capacity and an operating labor force of 2500. It also estimates the changes in total local service employment and population on …

Nitrogen Cycling In A Microcosm Simulation Of The Northern Arm Of The Great Salt Lake, John C. Stube

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen cycling was studied in the hypersaline northern arm of the Great Salt Lake (332,480 mg/l total dissolved solids) using a sediment-water microcosm simulation of that system. The study demonstrated that nitrate, ammonia, and urea were not stimulating to the halophilic bacteria in the microcosm. The bacteria were simulated only indirectly simulated bacterial growth. In addition, no nitrification could be demonstrated during the study.

Weekly analyses of water samples from the north arm of the lake itself showed that nitrate and nitrite were absent, leaving ammonia as the only significant form of inorganic nitrogen in the northern lake basin. Other …

Water Allocation For Future Development In The Uintah Basin, David W. Mills

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major objectives of this study are to determine whether or not future needs for water in the Uinta Basin can be satisfied by the present quantity of water produced by the hydrology of the Basin.

The specific objectives are as follows:

1. To determine the present demand for water in the Basin.

2. To determine the present annual quantity of water produced by the Basin.

3. To project the changes in the demand for water in the Uinta Basin resulting from energy, agricultural and other development.

4. To project the changes in the quantity of water available to satisfy …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Surface Deposition In A Numerical Model Of Atmospheric Dispersion, Jackie Lewis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Profiles of height-dependent diffusion which accommodate site-specific diffusivities were produced. A numerical model was adapted to incorporate the profiles. The model represented three-dimensional steady-state advection and diffusion of aerosols from an elevated point source. Sorption effects were simulated with surface attachment coefficients greater than unity. This proved effective in depleting the plume differentially upward from the surface.

Insect Consumption Of Seeded Rangeland Herbage In A Selected Area Of Diamond Fork Canyon, Utah County, Utah, Diane M. Bowers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study compares insect and cattle consumption of crested wheatgrass (Agropycon spp.) on a site in Sterling Ranch, Utah County, Utah. The hypothesis tested is that insect consumption in general, and specifically consumption by Labops hesperius Uhler, significantly reduces total available cattle forage.

Labops and grasshoppers were probably the major cause of secondary damage at the study site, while the impact of thrips is unknown. A detrimental impact on range was suggested by the data, as insects consumed forage equivalent to 2.8 animal units per month, while cattle consumed forage equivalent to 2.1 animal units per month at the …

Studies Of Evaporational Cooling In An Apple Orchard, Stephen W. Zsiray Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the spring, apple orchards are susceptible to freeze damage. Various approaches to orchard protection have been used in the past. Overhead sprinkling for bloom delay has been effective in extending to a later period in the spring the freeze hardiness of apple buds. Thus, protection against a late spring freeze is obtained. Previous research has not been conducted to determine optimum sprinkling times in the spring, the most effective threshold temperature, the amount of water needed to provide adequate bud protection, and the daily length of sprinkling time.

A 2-year investigation was conducted with the objective of obtaining basic …

Effects Of Group, Individual, And Isolated Rearing Of Dairy Calves On Weight Gain And Social Development, Val D. Warnick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-six dairy calves were observed for four months to determine the effect of three housing methods, group, individual and isolated on body weight gain, feed consumption, age when started to consume grain, daily activity patterns, open field test of behavior and social rank. Six calves were assigned to each of the three treatments in two separate trials of eighteen calves. These calves were raised in their treatment for approximately two months and then weaned and placed together in a group of eighteen for two more months.

Treatments ranked in order from high to low according to least squares means for …

Multiple Hemoglobins In Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, And Cutthroat Trout, Salmo Clarkii, Jeffrey Carl Braman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nine hemoglobins from adult rainbow trout have been isolated by starch gel electrophoresis using a Trisborate buffer system, pH 8.7. Six fast and two slow anodally migrating hemoglobins, and one slow cathodally migrating hemoglobin were observed in all specimens.

The nine hemoglobins have been purified by DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography followed by starch gel electrophoresis.

The subunit structure of each purified hemoglobin has been partially examined by gel electrofocusing (GEF) in .5 percent polyacrylamide gels containing 8M urea and lmM dithiothereitol (DTT). Tetrameric combinations of one, two, three, and four polypeptide chains are present.

Twelve hemoglobins have been isolated …

Host And Habitat Preferences, Life History, Pathogenicity And Population Regulation In Species Of Protocalliphora Hough (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Terry Lee Whitworth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The host, habitat preferences, and life histories of species of Protocalliphora were investigated in northern Utah. The effect of species of Protocalliphora on blood levels (hematocrit and hemoglobin) and weight gains of nestling birds also was studied.

A total of 1,819 bird nests were examined, representing 68 bird species from 10 habitats. Forty-eight percent (869) of the nests of 51 bird species found were infested. Eighteen species of Protocalliphora, including 11 undescribed, were collected.

Birds experiencing a high rate of infestation included most colonial nesters (such as bank swallows and yellow-headed blackbirds), cavity nesters (such as starlings and tree swallows, …