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Ascension And Adhesion Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli During Pyelonephritis, Lisa Kristine Mclellan
Ascension And Adhesion Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli During Pyelonephritis, Lisa Kristine Mclellan
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The ability of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to successfully establish an infection within the urinary tract relies on the pathogen to be able to navigate the complex interactions between pathogen and host. During a urinary tract infection (UTI), UPEC must ascend, adhere, and form bacterial communities in various infection niches, from the bladder (cystitis) to the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Each of these steps is critical for bacterial survival, and host and pathogen factors required at each stage can vary depending on host sex and anatomic niche. Preclinical modeling of pyelonephritis and sex effects on UTI has been limited due to the …
Conformational Basis And Small Molecule Antagonists Of E. Coli Adhesion To The Urinary Tract, Vasilios Kalas
Conformational Basis And Small Molecule Antagonists Of E. Coli Adhesion To The Urinary Tract, Vasilios Kalas
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent infections, afflicting 15 million women per year in the United States with annual healthcare costs exceeding $2-3 billion. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of UTIs and employ numerous virulence factors for host colonization. The most common adhesive mechanism by which UPEC mediate host-pathogen interactions is the chaperone-usher pathway (CUP), which is responsible for the assembly of proteinaceous surface appendages termed pili. Generally, CUP pili function in adherence or invasion of host tissues and in biofilm formation on medical devices and body habitats. CUP pili are highly …
Transcriptional Signatures Of Host Susceptibility In Urinary Tract Infections, Lu Yu
Transcriptional Signatures Of Host Susceptibility In Urinary Tract Infections, Lu Yu
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and highly recurrent. Two important non-behavioral risk factors for UTI in women are genetics and history of two or more episodes of previous UTI. However, specific mechanisms of how these two factors modulate host susceptibility to UTI remain unclear. Concordantly, inbred mice of various genotypes and with different infection histories exhibit different susceptibilities to acute and chronic bladder infection (cystitis), which recapitulates a range of clinical UTI outcomes observed in women. Early host-pathogen interactions have been shown to determine UTI outcomes in mouse models. Here, we used two …
Escherichia Coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms And Host Responses In The Human Urinary Milieu, Robin Reid Shields-Cutler
Escherichia Coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms And Host Responses In The Human Urinary Milieu, Robin Reid Shields-Cutler
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates. Explanations for the marked individual differences in UTI susceptibility remain incomplete. In this thesis we show that urinary colonization by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is influenced by urine composition and the activity of an important innate immune protein, siderocalin (SCN; also called lipocalin 2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/NGAL). During UTI, host factors limit the availability of iron, an essential nutrient for the invading pathogen. In response, UPEC modify the urinary environment with metal binding siderophores, some …
Understanding Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infection: A Niche Perspective, Drew Joel Schwartz
Understanding Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infection: A Niche Perspective, Drew Joel Schwartz
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, costing greater than $2 billion in healthcare costs and lost wages yearly in America alone. The lifetime risk for a woman exceeds 50% with 25-40% of these suffering recurrent infections. Two of the most important risk factors for recurrent UTI are prior UTIs and sexual intercourse. Over 80% of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which binds and invades superficial facet cells lining the bladder surface. UPEC expresses extracellular fibers called type 1 pili with a terminal mannose-binding adhesin, FimH, which interacts with mannosylated uroplakin residues …
The Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Effector Ybcl Modulates The Innate Immune Response In The Urinary Tract, Megan Elizabeth Lau
The Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Effector Ybcl Modulates The Innate Immune Response In The Urinary Tract, Megan Elizabeth Lau
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the primary etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections afflicting the human population. While UPEC cause disease throughout the urinary tract, bladder infection, or cystitis, is most prevalent. A key aspect of UPEC pathogenesis in the bladder is the modulation of the host inflammatory response. At acute time points, UPEC delay the arrival of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the bladder. The lack of neutrophils in the bladder lumen enables UPEC to replicate freely in the urine and invade the bladder epithelium, a requirement for bacterial persistence, in …