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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Expression Of The Tobacco Β- 1,3-Glucanase Gene, Pr-2d, Following Induction Of Sar With Peronospora Tabacina, Deanna L. Funnell, Christopher B. Lawrence, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christopher L. Schardl
Expression Of The Tobacco Β- 1,3-Glucanase Gene, Pr-2d, Following Induction Of Sar With Peronospora Tabacina, Deanna L. Funnell, Christopher B. Lawrence, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christopher L. Schardl
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic P-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to …
Necrotic Lesion Resistance Induced By Peronospora Tabacina On Leaves Of Nicotiana Obtusifolia, E.P. Heist, D. Zaitlin, Deanna L. Funnell, W.C. Nesmith, C.L. Schardl
Necrotic Lesion Resistance Induced By Peronospora Tabacina On Leaves Of Nicotiana Obtusifolia, E.P. Heist, D. Zaitlin, Deanna L. Funnell, W.C. Nesmith, C.L. Schardl
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Infection of Nicotiana obtusifolia plant introduction (PI) #555573 by the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora tabacina resulted in a compatible interaction, in which P. tabacina penetrated and freely colonized host leaf tissue. This interaction became incompatible 5 to 6 days later, with the appearance of necrotic lesions (NLs) and inhibition of pathogen growth and subsequent sporulation. NL development depended upon the presence of P. tabacina in host tissue, was not due to the effects of other microbes, and occurred co-incident in time with the pathogen’s ability to produce asexual sporangia on a susceptible N. obtusifolia genotype. Inhibition of the necrotic response …
Mesa, A Novel Fungal Protein Required For The Stabilization Of Polarity Axes In Aspergillus Nidulans, Claire L. Pearson, Kaimei Xu, Kathryn E. Sharpless, Steven D. Harris
Mesa, A Novel Fungal Protein Required For The Stabilization Of Polarity Axes In Aspergillus Nidulans, Claire L. Pearson, Kaimei Xu, Kathryn E. Sharpless, Steven D. Harris
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The Aspergillus nidulans proteome possesses a single formin, SepA, which is required for actin ring formation at septation sites and also plays a role in polarized morphogenesis. Previous observations imply that complex regulatory mechanisms control the function of SepA and ensure its correct localization within hyphal tip cells. To characterize these mechanisms, we undertook a screen for mutations that enhance sepA defects. Of the mutants recovered, mesA1 causes the most dramatic defect in polarity establishment when SepA function is compromised. In a wild-type background, mesA1 mutants undergo aberrant hyphal morphogenesis, whereas septum formation remains unaffected. Molecular characterization revealed that MesA …
Wheat Cultivar-Specific Selection Of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Fluorescent Pseudomonas Species From Resident Soil Populations, M. Mazzola, Deanna L. Funnell, J.M. Raaijmakers
Wheat Cultivar-Specific Selection Of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Fluorescent Pseudomonas Species From Resident Soil Populations, M. Mazzola, Deanna L. Funnell, J.M. Raaijmakers
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
An emerging body of evidence indicates a role for plant genotype as a determinant of the species and genetic composition of the saprophytic microbial community resident to the rhizosphere. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the capacity of five different wheat cultivars to enhance resident populations and support introduced strains of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent pseudomonads, a group of bacteria known to provide biological control of several soilborne diseases. When soils were cropped with three successive 28-day growth cycles of wheat, the 2,4- DAPG-producing strains were consistently recovered from the rhizosphere of the cultivar Lewjain, and commonly were present …
Spinach Curly Top Virus: A Newly Described Curtovirus Species From Southwest Texas With Incongruent Gene Phylogenies, Surendranath Baliji, Mark C. Black, Roy C. French, Drake C. Stenger, Garry Sunter
Spinach Curly Top Virus: A Newly Described Curtovirus Species From Southwest Texas With Incongruent Gene Phylogenies, Surendranath Baliji, Mark C. Black, Roy C. French, Drake C. Stenger, Garry Sunter
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
A curtovirus associated with a disease of spinach was isolated in southwest Texas during 1996. Disease symptoms included severe stunting and chlorosis, with younger leaves curled, distorted, and dwarfed. Viral DNA was purified and an infectious clone obtained. Agroinoculation using a construct bearing full-length tandem repeats of the cloned viral genome resulted in systemic infection of species in six of seven plant families tested, indicating that the virus has a wide host range. Symptoms produced in spinach agroinoculated with cloned viral DNA were similar to those observed in the field. Viral single-stranded and double-stranded DNA forms typical of curtovirus infection …
Promoters From Chlorella Virus Genes Providing For Expression Of Genes In Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Hosts, Amitava Mitra, James L. Van Etten
Promoters From Chlorella Virus Genes Providing For Expression Of Genes In Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Hosts, Amitava Mitra, James L. Van Etten
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The invention is directed to novel promoters or mutants thereof from Chlorella virus DNA methyltansferase genes. A Chlorella Virus gene promoter is operably linked to a first and/or Second DNA sequence encoding a gene that is different from the Chlorella virus to form an expression cassette. An expression cassette can be introduced into prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells and can provide for a high level of expression of the gene encoded by the first and/or Second DNA sequence. The invention also provides a method for Screening other Chlorella virus genes for promoters that can function to express a heterologous gene in …
Review Of Bacterial Disease Resistance In Plants: Molecular Biology And Biotechnological Applications By P. Vidhyasekaran, Marty Dickman
Review Of Bacterial Disease Resistance In Plants: Molecular Biology And Biotechnological Applications By P. Vidhyasekaran, Marty Dickman
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The molecular biology of plant-bacterial interactions is a field that continues to provide a wealth of information in the context of infectious diseases of plants. Thus, it is curious that few textbooks on this topic are available. Admittedly, active areas of research change rapidly, and book content can be rendered obsolete prior to publication. Even given this scenario, a textbook that summarizes the development (both conceptually and experimentally) of research strategies, the status of model systems, and future issues is needed. Thus, the timing and need for this broad-based volume, which covers the molecular phytobacteriology, is long overdue. An important …
Rapid Iodine Staining Techniques For Identifying The Waxy Phenotype In Sorghum Grain And Waxy Genotype In Sorghum Pollen, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, S.R. Bean, Deanna L. Funnell, Robert A. Graybosch
Rapid Iodine Staining Techniques For Identifying The Waxy Phenotype In Sorghum Grain And Waxy Genotype In Sorghum Pollen, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, S.R. Bean, Deanna L. Funnell, Robert A. Graybosch
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Visual classification of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain for the waxy phenotype is subjective and can be confounded by genetic background, maturity, environment, and experience of the classifier. Rapid iodine staining methods for identifying the waxy phenotype in sorghum grain and waxy genotypes in sorghum pollen were developed. Mature single sorghum seeds were placed in 48-well micro-plates and crushed. Water was added and the mixture heated to 95°C for 1 h to gelatinize the starch. After cooling, iodine solution was added and color scored after 10 to 60 s allowing for very high sample throughput. Sorghum pollen was …
Complete Nucleotide Sequence Of Oat Necrotic Mottle Virus: A Distinct Tritimovirus Species (Family Potyviridae) Most, D.C. Stenger, Roy C. French
Complete Nucleotide Sequence Of Oat Necrotic Mottle Virus: A Distinct Tritimovirus Species (Family Potyviridae) Most, D.C. Stenger, Roy C. French
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The RNA genome (9346 nucleotides) of Oat necrotic mottle virus (ONMV) was cloned and sequenced. Complete genome comparisons indicated that ONMV, currently classified as a rymovirus, was most closely related (~73% nucleotide, ~79% amino acid identity) to the tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). ONMV encoded a single polyprotein, with proteinase cleavage sites very similar to those ofWSMV. Pairwise comparison of ONMV andWSMV cistrons revealed that P3 was most conserved (~79% nucleotide, ~86% amino acid), whereas HC-Pro was most divergent (~67% nucleotide, ~69% amino acid). In contrast, the ONMV sequence was distantly related (~40% nt, ~26% amino acid identity) to …
Closterovirus Bipolar Virion: Evidence For Initiation Of Assembly By Minor Coat Protein And Its Restriction To The Genomic Rna 5' Region, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Siddarame Gowda, Maria A. Ayllon, William O. Dawson
Closterovirus Bipolar Virion: Evidence For Initiation Of Assembly By Minor Coat Protein And Its Restriction To The Genomic Rna 5' Region, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Siddarame Gowda, Maria A. Ayllon, William O. Dawson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The long flexuous virions of the Closteroviridae have a unique bipolar architecture incorporating two coat proteins, with most of the helical nucleocapsid encapsidated by the major coat protein (CP) and a small portion of one end encapsidated by the minor coat protein (CPm). It is not known whether CPm encapsidates the genomic RNA and, if so, which end and what effects transition between the two coat proteins. Two other virus-encoded proteins, an HSP70 homolog (HSP70h) and an = 61-kDa protein, are required to augment virion assembly. In this work, we examine the in vivo encapsidation of Citrus tristeza virus by …
Nematode Molecular Diagnostics: From Bands To Barcodes, Tom Powers
Nematode Molecular Diagnostics: From Bands To Barcodes, Tom Powers
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Nematodes are considered among the most difficult animals to identify. DNA-based diagnostic methods have already gained acceptance in applications ranging from quarantine determinations to assessments of biodiversity. Researchers are currently in an information-gathering mode, with intensive efforts applied to accumulating nucleotide sequence of 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, internally transcribed spacer regions, and mitochondrial genes. Important linkages with collateral data such as digitized images, video clips and specimen voucher web pages are being established on GenBank and NemATOL, the nematode-specific Tree of Life database. The growing DNA taxonomy of nematodes has lead to their use in testing specific short sequences …
Type Iii Secretion System Effector Proteins: Double Agents In Bacterial Disease And Plant Defense, James R. Alfano, Alan Collmer
Type Iii Secretion System Effector Proteins: Double Agents In Bacterial Disease And Plant Defense, James R. Alfano, Alan Collmer
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Many phytopathogenic bacteria inject virulence effector proteins into plant cells via a Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS). Without the TTSS, these pathogens cannot defeat basal defenses, grow in plants, produce disease lesions in hosts, or elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhosts. Pathogen genome projects employing bioinformatic methods to identify TTSS Hrp regulon promoters and TTSS pathway targeting signals suggest that phytopathogenic Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Ralstonia spp. harbor large arsenals of effectors. The Hrp TTSS employs cus- tomized cytoplasmic chaperones, conserved export components in the bacterial en- velope (also used by the TTSS of animal pathogens), and …
The Accidental Plant Pathologist, Anne K. Vidaver
The Accidental Plant Pathologist, Anne K. Vidaver
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
This article presents the experiences of a woman in academic plant pathology from the 1950s to today. Topics include the social climate for women in science, personal and professional developments and research discoveries, public policy issues in agriculture and biotechnology affecting plant pathology, and projections for the future of plant pathology.
Effects Of Choline, Betaine, And Wheat Floral Extracts On Growth Of Fusarium Graminearum, Jessica S. Engle, Patrick E. Lipps, Terry L. Graham, Michael J. Boehm
Effects Of Choline, Betaine, And Wheat Floral Extracts On Growth Of Fusarium Graminearum, Jessica S. Engle, Patrick E. Lipps, Terry L. Graham, Michael J. Boehm
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Fusarium head blight has been more severe when infection occurs during anthesis, indicating that floral organs may be important infection courts. Choline acetate and glycinebetaine have been extracted from wheat and reported to be growth stimulants of Fusarium graminearum. They are hypothesized to enhance infection and tissue colonization. Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes with various Fusarium head blight resistance levels. Results indicated no significant effect of anther, palea, or lemma extracts on radial growth when compared with unamended controls. Effects on spore germination and hyphal growth …
Molecular Differentiation Of Two Sibling Species Of The Black Fly Simulium Vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) Based On Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna, G. A. Duncan, P. H. Adler, K. P. Pruess, Thomas O. Powers
Molecular Differentiation Of Two Sibling Species Of The Black Fly Simulium Vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) Based On Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna, G. A. Duncan, P. H. Adler, K. P. Pruess, Thomas O. Powers
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Larvae of the black fly morphospecies Simulium vittatum from Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, and New Hampshire were cytologically identified as either the IS-7 or the IIIL-1 cytospecies. DNA was PCR amplified from cytotyped larvae using eight 10-mer primers, labeled with 33P, and run on polyacrylamide gels. The entire data set of 96 amplicons produced incomplete separation of the two cytospecies when subjected to neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony analyses. However, when analyzed within geographical regions, separate species status was supported. Boot- strap support for distinctness of the two cytospecies was best in Colorado where they were collected in true sympatry. The …
Small Potassium Ion Channel Proteins Encoded By Chlorella Viruses, Ming Kang, Anna Moroni, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Dario Difrancesco, Gerhard Thiel, Maria Severino, James L. Van Etten
Small Potassium Ion Channel Proteins Encoded By Chlorella Viruses, Ming Kang, Anna Moroni, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Dario Difrancesco, Gerhard Thiel, Maria Severino, James L. Van Etten
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Kcv, a 94-aa protein encoded by Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1, is the smallest known protein to form a functional potassium ion channel and basically corresponds to the ‘‘pore module’’ of potassium channels. Both viral replication and channel activity are inhibited by the ion channel blockers barium and amantadine but not by cesium. Genes encoding Kcv-like proteins were isolated from 40 additional chlorella viruses. Differences in 16 of the 94 amino acids were detected, producing six Kcv-like proteins with amino acid substitutions occurring in most of the functional domains of the protein (N terminus, transmembrane 1, pore helix, selectivity filter, …
Biography Of James L. Van Etten, Christen Brownlee, James L. Van Etten
Biography Of James L. Van Etten, Christen Brownlee, James L. Van Etten
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Green algae, in surface layers of almost every lake or stream, are some of the most common aquatic creatures. However, unbeknownst to researchers until recently, viruses that infect algae are almost as widespread. Entire ecosystems of algal hosts and their corresponding viruses lay hidden until the 1980s, when James L. Van Etten, a professor of plant pathology at the University of Nebraska (Lincoln), and his colleague Russ Meints discovered and began to characterize the first member of what is now a rapidly expanding family of algal viruses. Van Etten and his colleagues have continued to study these intriguing viruses, focusing …
Morphological And Molecular Characterization Of Meloidogyne Mayaguensis Isolates From Florida, J. Brito, Thomas O. Powers, P. G. Mullin, Florida Department Of Agriculture And Consumer Services N., D. W. Dickson
Morphological And Molecular Characterization Of Meloidogyne Mayaguensis Isolates From Florida, J. Brito, Thomas O. Powers, P. G. Mullin, Florida Department Of Agriculture And Consumer Services N., D. W. Dickson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The discovery of Meloidogyne mayaguensis is confirmed in Florida; this is the first report for the continental United States. Meloidogyne mayaguensis is a virulent species that can reproduce on host cultivars bred for nematode resistance. The perineal patterns of M. mayaguensis isolates from Florida show morphological variability and often are similar to M. incognita. Useful morphological characters for the separation of M. mayaguensis from M. incognita from Florida are the male stylet length values (smaller for M. mayaguensis than M. incognita) and J2 tail length values (greater for M. mayaguensis than M. incognita). Meloidogyne mayaguensis values for …
The Hopptof Locus Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Dc3000 Encodes A Type Iii Chaperone And A Cognate Effector, Libo Shan, Hye-Sook Oh, Jianfu Chen, Ming Guo, Jianmin Zhou, James R. Alfano, Alan Collmer, Xu Jia, Xiaoyan Tang
The Hopptof Locus Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Dc3000 Encodes A Type Iii Chaperone And A Cognate Effector, Libo Shan, Hye-Sook Oh, Jianfu Chen, Ming Guo, Jianmin Zhou, James R. Alfano, Alan Collmer, Xu Jia, Xiaoyan Tang
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Type III secretion systems are highly conserved among gram-negative plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. Through the type III secretion system, bacteria inject a number of virulence proteins into the host cells. Analysis of the whole genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strain identified a locus, named HopPtoF, that is homologous to the avirulence gene locus avrPphF in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. The HopPtoF locus harbors two genes, ShcFPto and HopFPto, that are preceded by a single hrp box promoter. We present evidence here to show that ShcFPto and HopFPto encode a type …
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Uromyces Appendiculatus From Phaseolus Vulgaris In The Americas, C. M. Araya, A. T. Alleyne, J. R. Steadman, Kent M. Eskridge, D. P. Coyne
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Uromyces Appendiculatus From Phaseolus Vulgaris In The Americas, C. M. Araya, A. T. Alleyne, J. R. Steadman, Kent M. Eskridge, D. P. Coyne
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Populations of 90 Uromyces appendiculatus isolates were collected from throughout the Americas and evaluated for virulence on 19 standard bean rust differentials, and also on 12 landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris from South and Central America. The landrace differentials represented geographical centers of bean domestication. Three groups were observed. Two groups were isolates from centers of bean domestication and a third heterogeneous group comprised isolates from countries in South and Central America. Molecular analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was also conducted on these isolates. Cluster analysis of the molecular profiles showed three groups that corresponded to those …