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Defining Amino Acid Requirements Of Pregnant Sows: Challenges And Opportunities, Christian D. Ramirez-Camba
Defining Amino Acid Requirements Of Pregnant Sows: Challenges And Opportunities, Christian D. Ramirez-Camba
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The efficient use of protein in animal production is dependent on the protein supply and its constituent amino acids (AA) in relation to the animal's needs. Excess AA are deaminated, and the resulting nitrogen (N) is excreted, whereas suboptimal AA intake reduces animal performance. Both increased nutrient excretion and decreased animal performance reduce the overall efficiency of the production unit. In sows, AA requirements should be adequate for optimizing reproductive performance, as measured, for example, by the number of pigs produced per sow per year while limiting N excretion. There is a desire to feed pregnant sows AA levels that …
Winter Snow Depth In Arctic Alaska Results In Complex Changes In Caribou Forage Quality, Jessica C. Richert
Winter Snow Depth In Arctic Alaska Results In Complex Changes In Caribou Forage Quality, Jessica C. Richert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) rely on the short growing season for much of their annual nutrition, making them susceptible to even small changes in forage quantity and quality. Body condition in the summer and fall is linked to winter survival rates and fecundity in cows, critical factors in the robustness of caribou populations. Due to a warmer, wetter climate, snowfall is predicted to increase over Alaska’s North Slope in the next several decades. Deeper snow results in higher soil temperatures, allowing microbial mineralization of nitrogen to continue throughout the winter and increasing the availability of nitrogen for plants in spring and …
The Efficacy Of Protein Supplementation On Attenuating Muscle Atrophy Following Disuse In The Collegiate Population, Leah Kroeger
The Efficacy Of Protein Supplementation On Attenuating Muscle Atrophy Following Disuse In The Collegiate Population, Leah Kroeger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a protein supplementation protocol through a period of muscular disuse in maintaining muscle mass, strength, jump force production, and cross-sectional area in the collegiate population. Two groups of healthy collegiate participants underwent two weeks of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), during which the control group consumed a normal diet and the treatment group received an additional 75 g of protein supplementation. Lean mass, strength, and force production were measured between dietary intakes at baseline and following immobilization. Muscle area was lost between both groups following ULLS (treatment, - 282.8 …
Effects Of Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Dietary Lipid On Efficiency Of Nitrogen Use In Cattle, Ethan J. Blom
Effects Of Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Dietary Lipid On Efficiency Of Nitrogen Use In Cattle, Ethan J. Blom
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of increases in energy available for gain from increased small intestinal starch digestion (SISD) and dietary lipid source and amount on the efficiency of N use in cattle. Five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated steers were placed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Each received duodenal infusion of 1.5 ± 0.08 kg/d raw cornstarch and either 0, 30.9 ± 0.59, 62.4 ± 1.16, or 120.4 ± 3.39 g/d Glu, or 387.9 ± 17.47 g/d casein. Casein increased (P = 0.05) SISD. Similarly, greater duodenal Glu linearly (P = 0.02) …
Protein And Fiber Fortification Of White Pan Bread Using Food-Grade Distiller’S Dried Grains, Ashley Adamski
Protein And Fiber Fortification Of White Pan Bread Using Food-Grade Distiller’S Dried Grains, Ashley Adamski
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Distiller’s dried grains (DDG) are a coproduct of ethanol production. DDG has been used historically as animal feed. However, in the past decade, ethanol production has dramatically increased causing a surplus of distiller’s grains and saturating the market. The use of DDG, which is high in both protein and fiber, to fortify baked goods is one option to reduce the excess of DDG while enhancing its economic value. The purpose of this study was first, to evaluate the washing process for DDG to make it food grade, and second to evaluate the effects of incorporation of food-grade DDG from two …
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Michael L. Brown
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Michael L. Brown
Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications
Increases in global aquaculture production, compounded with limited availabilities of fish meal for fish feed, has created the need for alternative protein sources. Twinscrew extrusion studies were performed to investigate the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Five isocaloric (~3.06 kcal/g) ingredient blends, adjusted to a target protein content of 36.7% db, were formulated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at an initial moisture content of 5–7%db, with appropriate amounts of fish meal, fish oil, whole wheat flour, corn gluten meal, and vitamin and mineral premixes. …
Evaluation Of Performance And Costs Of Two Heifer Development Systems, Robin R. Salverson, Hubert H. Patterson, George A. Perry, Doug Young, Matt L. Gibson
Evaluation Of Performance And Costs Of Two Heifer Development Systems, Robin R. Salverson, Hubert H. Patterson, George A. Perry, Doug Young, Matt L. Gibson
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Early weaned (EW) heifers must be developed for a longer period of time usually resulting in increased development costs. Developing EW heifers on native range may reduce these costs. Dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) offers protein and energy that compliment native forages for developing heifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and costs of two heifer development systems in northwest South Dakota. Sixty-five nulliparous crossbred beef heifers were randomly allotted to one of two systems: 1) heifers (n=33) weaned at 132 d of age (461 lb) and developed on range with a DDGS supplement (1.8 …
Evaluation Of Crude Protein Sources And Levels For High Growth Potential Yearling Steers Fed High Energy Diets, R. H. Pritchard
Evaluation Of Crude Protein Sources And Levels For High Growth Potential Yearling Steers Fed High Energy Diets, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Feedlot cattle are now capable of growth rates that greatly exceed our descriptions for established nutrient requirements. We must now redefined the impact of sources and levels of dietary CP on growth rate and efficiency. Pursuing this question, yearling steers (n = 360 x BW = 790 ± 10) were fed various levels and sources of supplement crude protein during a 120 day finishing period. Diets were formulated to contain 12 or 13% CP. Supplemental CP was provided in the forms of urea, soybean meal, bloodmeal, and feather meal. Actual dietary CP levels of 1 1.8% and 12.6% were lower …
Effect Of A Blood Meal/Corn Gluten Meal Supplement After Calving On Performance Of Cows Grazing Native Range, R. J. Pruitt, J. S. Heldt
Effect Of A Blood Meal/Corn Gluten Meal Supplement After Calving On Performance Of Cows Grazing Native Range, R. J. Pruitt, J. S. Heldt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A spring grazing trial was conducted to determine the effect of a supplement with lower rumen degradability (sometimes referred to as escape protein or bypass protein) than soybean meal on cow and calf performance. Three supplement treatments based on corn, soybean meal and blood meallcorn gluten meal were fed to 70 Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing native range from early April to late May. There was no advantage to the escape protein as measured by cow weight change, reproductive performance or calf gain. Corn supplemented cows performed similar to soybean meal supplemented cows.
Level Of Available Forage And Supplemental Protein And Energy For Cows Grazing Winter Range, R. J. Pruitt, M. C. Namminga, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
Level Of Available Forage And Supplemental Protein And Energy For Cows Grazing Winter Range, R. J. Pruitt, M. C. Namminga, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A winter grazing trial at the SDSU Range and Livestock Research Station near Cottonwood was conducted to determine if the response to feeding a high starch supplement is dependent on the amount of protein fed and the amount of forage available. During December and January 126 Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing two pastures with differing amounts of available forage were fed four supplemental treatments that provided the following amounts of crude protein (Ib) and metabolizable energy (Mcal) per cow daily: 1) .72 and 3.92, 2) .72 and 10.64, 3) 1.44 and 7.78, and 4) 1.44 and 10.91. Cows grazing the high …
Alternate Day Protein Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Based Diets With High And Low Ruminal Escape Protein Sources, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
Alternate Day Protein Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Based Diets With High And Low Ruminal Escape Protein Sources, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Twenty-four crossbred wethers (88 ± .44 Ib) were utilized to determine optimal level of dietary CP when corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) based supplements were fed alternate days. Diets were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design with SBM and CGM fed at 8, 9 or 10% dietary CP. Supplements were top dressed on ground corn stalks at a rate of two times the daily required amount (19.78% DM basis). The collection term consisted of an 8-day total feces and urine collection. DM1 and DDMl were improved (P<.01) when CGM was fed and as dietary CP was increased by either supplement. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) decreased (P<.05) as dietary CP level increased. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) did not differ (P>.05) for protein source or dietary CP level. …
Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
The effects of grain source and roughage level in limited intake feeding programs were evaluated in 622-lb steer calves. Supplemented diets were based on high moisture ear corn (HMEC), whole shelled corn (WSC) + hay to provide similar NDF to the HMEC diet, HMEC diet containing 10% hay and the WSC + hay diet formulated to contain NDF similar to HMEC + hay. Steer calves were blocked by weight and fed to achieve 2.2 Ib ADG for a 52-day period. Steers fed HMEC had higher (P<.01) ADG and lower (P<.01) feed/gain than WSC fed steers. Low crude protein in the hay source caused lower (P<.01) crude protein in WSC diets. Lower crude protein intake could have limited steer growth. NE utilization appeared more efficient (P<.05) for heavy weight block steers, reflecting NRC equation low sensitivity to modest differences in frame size. Roughage level did not affect performance and did not interact with grain source.
Hydrolyzed Feather Meal Supplementation For Lactating Range Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, T. Weber
Hydrolyzed Feather Meal Supplementation For Lactating Range Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, T. Weber
South Dakota Beef Report, 1990
A 2-year study involving 178 cow/calf pairs was conducted to evaluate hydrolyzed feather meal4 as a protein supplement for cows grazing native range during early lactation. Calving season occurred from mid-March until late April. Within a week after calving, cows were fed either a soybean meal or feather meal-corn supplement that provided approximately .83 1b crude protein per cow daily. Cow weight and condition score changes from calving until early May and percentage of cows cycling early in the breeding season (early June) were similar between supplement groups. Calf average daily gains from birth until May were not affected by …