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Life Sciences

Kansas State University Libraries

1972

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A New Approach To Polioencephalomalacia (Pem), B.E. Brent, K.S. Lusby, J.A. Kobuszewski, J.C. Parks Jan 1972

A New Approach To Polioencephalomalacia (Pem), B.E. Brent, K.S. Lusby, J.A. Kobuszewski, J.C. Parks

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a disorder of the ruminant central nervous system characterized by sudden onset and rapid death. At autopsy, the brain may be swollen and cerebral cortex degenerated. Early symptoms may include disorientation and muscular in coordination. Affected animals may push against fences or other objects with their heads. More commonly, they are found dead or in a coma. If central nervous system damage is not excessive, animals with early symptoms respond to massive injections of thiamine, but may not recover coordination.

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Nutritive Value Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns Compared In All-Concentrate Rations Hybrid Sorghum And Corn Characteristics And Methods Used To Nutritionally Evaluate Them, R.L. Mccollough Jan 1972

Nutritive Value Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns Compared In All-Concentrate Rations Hybrid Sorghum And Corn Characteristics And Methods Used To Nutritionally Evaluate Them, R.L. Mccollough

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 1971, Kansas produced 234 million bushels of sorghum grain worth $217,000,000, second only to Texas. Most of it is used as an energy source in livestock rations. Since the introduction of hybrid sorghum grain in 1956, yield has increased 25%.

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Two-Year Summary: Four Hybrid Sorghum Grains Fed In All-Concentrate Rations To Steers, R.L. Mccollough, R.R. Schalles Jan 1972

Two-Year Summary: Four Hybrid Sorghum Grains Fed In All-Concentrate Rations To Steers, R.L. Mccollough, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This station has grown and fed the same four (yellow endosperm) hybrid sorghum grains (Funk G-766W, Acco R-l09, DeKalb E-57, and Northrup King 222) in an all-concentrate ration to steers two consecutive years. Results are summarized here.

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Nutritional Value Of Triticale For Growing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Nutritional Value Of Triticale For Growing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred thirty-five pigs averaging 57 pounds were used to determine the feeding value of triticale and the influence of physical form (meal or pellet) on the performance of growing pigs. Triticale replaced 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% of the milo in a 16.5% crude protein, milo-soybean diet. Level of triticale had no significant effect on feed intake, daily gain, or feed:gain ratio. Pigs fed triticale supplemented with soybean meal (isonitrogenous with control) and the pigs fed triticale supplemented with 0.2% L-lysine gained significantly (P<.05) slower than pigs fed the control diet. Physical form (meal or pellet) had no significant effect on feed intake, daily gain, or feed:gain ratio. The results indicate that triticale can be substituted on a weight basis in diets for growing pigs but not on a protein basis.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Effect Of Maturity Stage On The Nutritive Value Of Native Grass Hay, M.R. Rao, L.H. Harbers, A.M. Latschar, E.F. Smith Jan 1972

Effect Of Maturity Stage On The Nutritive Value Of Native Grass Hay, M.R. Rao, L.H. Harbers, A.M. Latschar, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The evaluation of pastures by esophageally fistulated steers requires artificial rumen techniques to determine digestibilities of grasses. To develop a regression curve between data obtained by an artificial rumen and those from a grazing animal, we conducted a series of metabolism studies and artificial rumen trials using native prairie hay from the Flint Hill area cut at three maturity stages.

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Feedlot Performance Of Nine Hybrid Sorghum Grains Fed To Steers Winter, 1971-1972, R.L. Mccollough, Jack G. Riley, C.L. Drake, G.M. Roth Jan 1972

Feedlot Performance Of Nine Hybrid Sorghum Grains Fed To Steers Winter, 1971-1972, R.L. Mccollough, Jack G. Riley, C.L. Drake, G.M. Roth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous trials here indicated a possible difference in nutritional values of different hybrid sorghum grains with yellow endosperm hybrids being superior to white endosperm. We compared feedlot performance of yellow endosperm, white endosperm, all waxy (amylopectin type starch), and part waxy hybrid sorghum grains.

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Effect Of Feeding Insecticide To Cattle On Growing And Finishing Rations, L.H. Harbers, C.W. Pitts, K.F. Harrision, L.L. Tucker, E.F. Smith Jan 1972

Effect Of Feeding Insecticide To Cattle On Growing And Finishing Rations, L.H. Harbers, C.W. Pitts, K.F. Harrision, L.L. Tucker, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A convenient method to control flies in cattle manure is adding an insecticide to the ration. The chemical passes through the digestive tract and effectively controls fly larvae in the manure. It may also influence animal performance. We added an insecticide at 50 p.p.m. to a high roughage growing ration and to an all-concentrate finishing ration and measured performance by growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency in steers and heifers.

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Starea, Urea, Or Soybean Meal As A Protein Source In Growing And Finishing Cattle Rations, L.L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers Jan 1972

Starea, Urea, Or Soybean Meal As A Protein Source In Growing And Finishing Cattle Rations, L.L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Use of urea in beef cattle rations, particularly in rations containing high levels of roughage (growing-type rations), has been limited by urea's toxicity, segregation and mixing problems, palatability, and poor use by animals. We compared soybean meal, Starea® (44% protein equivalent), Starea ® (60% protein equivalent), a milo-urea pellet, and a urea-infused milo berry material as protein (nitrogen) supplements in growing-type rations. Animals used in a nitrogen-balance study were then fed a 70% concentrate ration, receiving the same sources of protein.

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Whole Corn Rations For Finishing Heifers: A Comparison Of Self-Fed And Mixed Supplement, With And Without Salt., L.H. Harbers, K.F. Harrison, D. Richardson, E.F. Smith Jan 1972

Whole Corn Rations For Finishing Heifers: A Comparison Of Self-Fed And Mixed Supplement, With And Without Salt., L.H. Harbers, K.F. Harrison, D. Richardson, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-four Hereford x Angus heifers averaging 714 lbs. were allotted by weight to four groups of six animals each to study effects on gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency of: 1. Free-choice whole corn without roughage. 2. Protein supplement either mixed with whole corn or supplied seperately (free-choice). 3. Omitting salt

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Starea, Urea, And Soybean Meal Compared In Wintering Rations For Cows On Bluestem Pasture, L.L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith Jan 1972

Starea, Urea, And Soybean Meal Compared In Wintering Rations For Cows On Bluestem Pasture, L.L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During the winter of 1970-71, 63 six-year-old, non-lactating, pregnant Hereford cows were divided into eight groups to compare a soybean meal-sorghum grain supplement with supplements containing either urea, Starea 44 (an expansion-processed mixture of sorghum grain and urea), or sorghum grain only (Bulletin 546, 1971, p. 28). Cows were fed each morning six days a week, 7 days' feed each six days. They had access to water, a salt-mineral-vitamin mix (55.1% salt; 36.7% dicalcium phosphate; 8.2% vitamin A premix) fed free-choice, and native winter pasture (table 38).

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Prevention Of Respiratory Disease In Weaning Calves, R.R. Schalles, R.J. Milleret, M. Mckee, J.R. Olson, J. Evans, D.L. Carnahan Jan 1972

Prevention Of Respiratory Disease In Weaning Calves, R.R. Schalles, R.J. Milleret, M. Mckee, J.R. Olson, J. Evans, D.L. Carnahan

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Respiratory diseases of weanling calves are a continuous problem for ranchers. Each case is estimated to represent a $10 to $20 loss through veterinary costs, decreased gains, and death losses. There is also some question as to the effectiveness of certain preventative treatments. Few reliable experiments have compared medicative and management procedures of disease preventions. We evaluated preweaning vaccinations and weaning management practices.

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Dust Bags For Fly Control Under Range Conditions, R.R. Schalles, C.W. Jr. Pitts, M. Mckee, J. Evans Jan 1972

Dust Bags For Fly Control Under Range Conditions, R.R. Schalles, C.W. Jr. Pitts, M. Mckee, J. Evans

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattlemen have traditionally used various methods to control horn flies and, more recently, face flies. Many methods used require various amounts of labor and handling of cattle. Most recent efforts have stressed minimum labor. Dust bags that cattle rub to disperse insecticide is such a method. A study of the dust bag method of fly control is reported here.

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Voluntary Intake Of Cattle On Range: Esophageal And Hand Clipped Forage Samples Compared, M.R. Rao, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith Jan 1972

Voluntary Intake Of Cattle On Range: Esophageal And Hand Clipped Forage Samples Compared, M.R. Rao, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To determine the nutritional value of an animals diet, it is necessary to know the amount of each kind of feed consumed and its digestibility. A problem in range and pasture nutrition is accurate assessment of chemical and botanical composition of diets. Little detailed information on nutritive value of range and pasture forage is available.

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Evaluation Of Crossbred Cows And Crossbred Bulls, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, R.J. Meier Jan 1972

Evaluation Of Crossbred Cows And Crossbred Bulls, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, R.J. Meier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred cows are common but interested in using crossbred bulls is recent. Little information is available on use of crossbred bulls, so advice and recommendations have been based on genetic principles rather than research. Nine mating combinations are reported here from using purebred and high grade Hereford, Santa Gertrudis, and crosses of Hereford and Santa Gertrudis cows and bulls.

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Rations For Performance Testing Bulls On A 140-Day Gain Trial, M. Mckee, J.D. Evans, R.R. Schalles Jan 1972

Rations For Performance Testing Bulls On A 140-Day Gain Trial, M. Mckee, J.D. Evans, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-six Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn bull calves were started on feed November 16, 1970, to study differences in protein content of rations. The bulls were from 184 to 302 days old. They were randomly assigned within breeds to one of three grain rations (see table 45) and individually fed free choice. The prairie hay they would clean up in 30 minutes was fed twice a day. They went from their pens into a large lot to exercise together approximately four hours a day.

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Feedlot Performance Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, G.M. Roth Jan 1972

Feedlot Performance Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, G.M. Roth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 126-day feedlot trial was used to determine feedlot performances and nutritional values of eight hybrid sorghum grains and three hybrid corns.

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Part Iii: Digestibility Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns, R.L. Mccollough, B.E. Brent Jan 1972

Part Iii: Digestibility Of Eight Hybrid Sorghum Grains And Three Hybrid Corns, R.L. Mccollough, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Apparent coefficient of digestion (COD) was determined for eight hybrid sorghum grains and three hybrid corns named in Part I.

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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types—A Preliminary Report, H.J. Tuma, Dell M. Allen, M.L. May, M.D. Albrecht, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1972

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types—A Preliminary Report, H.J. Tuma, Dell M. Allen, M.L. May, M.D. Albrecht, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains results from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program. Dr. Keith Gregory and Dr. Hudson Glimp, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, initiated and designed the cattle germ plasm evaluation program. Kansas State University and the Livestock Division, C&MS, U.S.D.A. are cooperating on the project.

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Meat Shrinkage, J. Leising, H. Tuma Jan 1972

Meat Shrinkage, J. Leising, H. Tuma

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Meat shrinkage is a major problem for the beef industry. Shrinkage (loss in weight) results from many factors: improper chilling, low humidity, not packaging, poor sanitation, or excessive ageing time. Most beef is chilled overnight (16-20 hrs.) at cooler temperatures of 25 to 40 ÌŠF. internal temperatures after 20 hours chill vary from 55 ÌŠto 70 ÌŠF depending on cooler conditions and carcass weight. During a normal chill cycle, beef carcasses shrink 6 to 12 pounds or 1-2% for 600-pound carcass with the shrink depending on many cooler and carcass factors. Various methods have been used to reduce moisture evaporation …

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Effect Of Organic Acids On The Preservation And Feeding Value Of Reconstituted Milo, K.K. Bolsen, O.J. Cox, C.L. Drake Jan 1972

Effect Of Organic Acids On The Preservation And Feeding Value Of Reconstituted Milo, K.K. Bolsen, O.J. Cox, C.L. Drake

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of high moisture grain in beef cattle rations has increased during the past several years. It has improved feed efficiency of high energy rations five to 20 percent in previous research. Non-nutritional advantages of high moisture grain include: (1) earlier harvest to lengthen the harvest season and/or free land for other uses; (2) fewer field losses from shattering lodging, wind and early frost and (3) no artificial drying.

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Kansas Meat Marketing Innovations, F.E. Jensen, D.B. Erickson, S.E. Trieb, H.J. Tuma Jan 1972

Kansas Meat Marketing Innovations, F.E. Jensen, D.B. Erickson, S.E. Trieb, H.J. Tuma

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The U.S. system of producing, marketing, and distributing farm products has been heralded as the world's most efficient, with lower distribution costs than any other nation. Research continues to improve marketing through new methods and technology. Central cryogenic-frozen meat packaging is an example.

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Evaluation Of Flavored Mono-Sodium Glutamate In Swine Starter Rations (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Evaluation Of Flavored Mono-Sodium Glutamate In Swine Starter Rations (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Suckling pigs (2 to 4 weeks old) offered a choice of diets containing either flavored or unflavored mono-sodium glutamate (F-MSG or MSG) consumed 3.5 times more of the flavored than of the unflavored diet. Likewise, litters of suckling pigs offered only F-MSG diets consumed 3.5 times more than litters offered only the MSG diet. After weaning, pigs with access to F-MSG during the pre-weaning phase exhibited an initial and continued preference for the F-MSG diet by consuming 3.8 times more of it than of the MSG diet in preference trials. Pre-weaning feeding of pigs altered initial post-weaned preference patterns, as …

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Evaluation Of A Wheat Protein Concentrate For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, C W. Deyoe, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Evaluation Of A Wheat Protein Concentrate For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, C W. Deyoe, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments involving 66 finishing pigs were conducted to determine the feeding value of a wheat protein concentrate. Pigs fed diets containing as much as 60% wheat protein concentrate consumed the same quantity of feed, gained at the same rate, and were just as efficient in feed utilization as pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the diet containing 96.1% wheat protein concentrate consumed less feed and gained significantly slower (P<.05) than pigs fed the control diet. Extrusion processing of the wheat protein concentrate gave no beneficial effect on feed intake, daily gain or feed required per unit of gain. It appears that up to 60% wheat protein concentrate may be used in finishing pig diets with no adverse effects.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Supplemental Copper For Growing-Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Supplemental Copper For Growing-Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty-four pigs averaging 61 pounds were used to determine the influence of copper level on performance, copper storage in the liver, and to determine the influence of withdrawing during the finishing phase. Pigs fed 125, 187, or 250 ppm copper gained significantly faster (P<.05) than those on the basal diet containing no copper. Responses to copper and to an antibiotic were similar. Most of the growth response from the added copper occurred during the first 8 weeks of the experiment. Withdrawing copper the latter part of the finishing phase influenced neither gain nor efficiency of feed conversion but significantly (P<.05) reduced copper stored in the liver.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Fortified Milo For Gestating Sows (1972), G L. Allee, B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Fortified Milo For Gestating Sows (1972), G L. Allee, B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty sows (Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Duroc) were used to study effects of feeding a milo diet fortified with vitamins and minerals (FM) to bred sows from approximately 25 days after breeding to 10 days before farrowing. The sows were fed in this manner for three gestation periods. Control sows received a balanced milo-soybean meal diet (MSB) throughout gestation.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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High-Moisture, Acid-Treated Grain For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, C W. Deyoe, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

High-Moisture, Acid-Treated Grain For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, C W. Deyoe, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The feeding value of high-moisture milo treated with organic acids for finishing swine was studied in two trials involving 56 pigs. There were no significant differences in daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, or carcass measurements between pigs fed the dry grain and those fed the high-moisture grain treated with organic acids. Preserving milo with organic acids apparently has no detrimental effect on performance or carcass merit when fed to finishing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Muscling Selection In Swine And Its Effect On Carcass Traits (1972), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Muscling Selection In Swine And Its Effect On Carcass Traits (1972), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We are attempting to develop a well-muscled line of Durocs by selecting for minimum back fat and maximum loin eye area as estimated by the Anscan and to form a control line by randomly selecting from the same base population. The lines will be compared for performance and carcass traits, including incidence of pale soft exudative carcasses. Expected and realized heritability estimates for carcass traits will be calculated.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Influence Of Fat Level And Calorie:Protein Ratio On Performance And Carcass Composition Of Young Pigs (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Influence Of Fat Level And Calorie:Protein Ratio On Performance And Carcass Composition Of Young Pigs (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty pigs averaging 28 pounds were fed a corn-soybean meal diet to study the influence of fat level and calorie:protein (C:P) ratio on the performance and carcass composition. With a constant C:P ratio, fat level made no significant difference on daily gains, but feed efficiency improved as fat level increased. Increasing fat without adjusting the C:P ratio decreased daily gain and metabolizable energy per unit of gain increased. With a constant C:P ratio, feeding 6 or 12% fat did not influence fat content of the carcass. However, feeding 12% added fat without adjusting the C:P ratio markedly increased …

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Nutritional Adequacy Of Triticale For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Nutritional Adequacy Of Triticale For Finishing Swine (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment involving 81 finishing pigs was conducted to determine the nutritional adequacy of triticale for finishing swine. Pigs fed triticale alone gained significantly (P<.05) slower than pigs fed any other diets. Adding 0.1% L-lysine to triticale significantly (P<.05) increased daily gain. There were no significant differences in daily gain, feed intake, or feed:gain ratio between pigs fed triticale + lysine, triticale + soybean meal, milo + soybean meal or wheat + soybean meal. Differences in backfat thickness, loin-eye area, length or percentage of lean cuts in the carcass were not significant. Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in triticale for finishing swine. The lysine in triticale may not be totally available to pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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Flaked Corn, Wheat, And Sorghum Grain For Growing Pigs (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1972

Flaked Corn, Wheat, And Sorghum Grain For Growing Pigs (1972), G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty-three barrows and gilts were used to evaluate flaking of corn, wheat, and sorghum grain for weaned pigs. Flaking increased rate of gain and improved feed efficiency (9 to 10%). Pigs fed corn rations gained significantly faster and were more efficient than pigs fed sorghum grain or\ wheat; and pigs fed sorghum grain gained faster and were more efficient than pigs fed wheat, regardless of processing method.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 2, 1972

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