Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences

Kansas State University Libraries

Journal

1987

Keyword

Articles 1 - 30 of 87

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Effect Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Dried Whey In Starter Diets For Pigs (1987), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, M E. Johnston Jan 1987

Effect Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Dried Whey In Starter Diets For Pigs (1987), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, M E. Johnston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) and dried whey (DW) in starter diets for pigs. A total of 240, 3-wk-old, weaned pigs averaging 12.1 lb were utilized. Pigs did not receive creep feed and were introduced to the experimental diets immediately upon weaning. The trial was conducted for 4 wk. A factorial design with 3 levels of SMFM (0, 4, and 8%) and 2 levels of OW (10 and 20%) was employed. Analysis of the data indicated no SMFM x DW interaction by the end of wk 4. Inclusion of SMFM …


Effect Of Various Anthelmintics On Growing-Finishing Swine Reared On Dirt Lots (1987), Robert H. Hines, D A. Schoneweis Jan 1987

Effect Of Various Anthelmintics On Growing-Finishing Swine Reared On Dirt Lots (1987), Robert H. Hines, D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 262 pigs were conducted to evaluate five worming programs for growing-finishing pigs fed on dirt lots heavily infected with roundworm (Ascarid) eggs. The control pigs (no anthelmentic) were compared in performance (ADG, F/G) and lung liver lesions at slaughter with pigs that received ivermectin on day 1 or day 28, pyrantel tartrate for the first 28 days, or purge treatments between day 28 to 31 with dichlovos or fenbendazole. All pigs gained at a similar rate regard less of treatment; however, those pigs receiving fenbendozole were 8.4% more efficient and those receiving Ivermectin on day 28 were …


Concepts And Concerns In Remodeling Swine Facilities (1987), P Murphy Jan 1987

Concepts And Concerns In Remodeling Swine Facilities (1987), P Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Shall I remodel or burn it down? Determining an answer to this question requires careful consideration of construction costs and production goals. When considering a particular building - consider the following:; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Effect Of Supplemental Potassium And Buffer In Starters For Early-Weaned Calves (1987), P. Flynn, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, James J. Higgins Jan 1987

Effect Of Supplemental Potassium And Buffer In Starters For Early-Weaned Calves (1987), P. Flynn, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty Holstein heifers were used from birth to 8 weeks of age to study the effect of amount of potassium (K) in the diet and of adding a buffer to the starter. Starters were formulated with and without 1% trona, a natural ore buffer, at K concentrations of .9, 1.25, and 1.5% of the dry matter. To supply adequate fiber, yet allow formulation of the starter containing .9% K, 20% prairie hay was included. All calves were fed milk and a prestarter, using an early weaning procedure. Growth and feed consumption data and evaluation of health and metabolic activity were …


Relative Feeding Value Of Three Forage-Based Diets For Holstein Heifers (1987), John E. Shirley, J.L. Morrill, W.H. Carinder Jan 1987

Relative Feeding Value Of Three Forage-Based Diets For Holstein Heifers (1987), John E. Shirley, J.L. Morrill, W.H. Carinder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soybeans interseeded with grain sorghum and harvested as a mixed forage silage crop can be used successfully as a feed for growing dairy heifers. However, daily gain is greater when grain sorghum silage plus alfalfa hay or prairie hay supplemented with milo grain and soybean meal is fed.Replacement heifer programs should be cost effective but yield a heifer large enough to be bred to calve by 24 months of age and with a well developed mammary gland relatively free of internal fat. A daily gain of 1.6 to 1.8 lbs appears to be optimum to achieve the desired bodyweight to …


Use Of Extruded Soy Flour In Milk Replacers For Calves (1987), D.P. Dawson, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1987

Use Of Extruded Soy Flour In Milk Replacers For Calves (1987), D.P. Dawson, J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Oil-extracted, desolveritized soy flour without additional heat treatment was used to prepare protein supplements for calf milk replacers by extrusion processing. Various combinations of temperature, moisture, calcium concentration, sulfur, and acid were used to prepare 32 different products. These products were tested for trypsin inhibitor and antigenic activity and the most promising one was chosen for further testing. This product alone or with supplementary amino acids or amino acids and citric acid was used to provide 70% of the protein in experimental milk replacers. These replacers were compared to an all-milk replacer, using growth and metabolic responses of young Holstein …


Grazing And Feedlot Performance Of Heifers Spayed By Two Methods, S.B. Laudert, Gerry L. Kuhl, A.J. Edwards Jan 1987

Grazing And Feedlot Performance Of Heifers Spayed By Two Methods, S.B. Laudert, Gerry L. Kuhl, A.J. Edwards

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two field trials were conducted to compare the pasture and finishing performance of heifers spayed by the Kimberling-Rupp(K-R) technique or by flank spaying plus autografting a piece of ovarian tissue into the rumen wall (FS+A). In trial 1, neither spaying method resulted in gains of grazing heifers different from that of intake controls; however, FS+A heifers gained 5.1% faster than K-R spayed heifers. In trial 2, grazing gains of heifers spayed by the two techniques were similar. During the finishing phase, no performance difference was found among intact, K-R, or FS+A heifers in trial 1 or between K-R and FS+A …


Periparturient Disorders In Dairy Cows (1987), Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1987

Periparturient Disorders In Dairy Cows (1987), Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The economic climate in the dairy industry requires producers to operate efficiently to remain competitive. Attention to details and understanding of reproduction, metabolism, digestive functions, milk secretion, and all aspects of husbandry are essential. To be successful, producers must minimize reproductive failure because reproductive performance affects the quantity of milk produced per cow per day of herd life, the number of potential replacements needed to maintain a constant herd size, and the longevity of the cow in the herd. In practice, this translates into well-designed programs of herd health, milking, feeding, and reproductive management that minimize involuntary culling of. problem …


Effect Of Bovatec® Level In Supplemental Feed On Performance And Forage Utilization Characteristics Of Wintering Beef Cattle, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, K.A. Jacques, T.B. Avery, K.O. Zoellner, J.F. Higginbotham Jan 1987

Effect Of Bovatec® Level In Supplemental Feed On Performance And Forage Utilization Characteristics Of Wintering Beef Cattle, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, K.A. Jacques, T.B. Avery, K.O. Zoellner, J.F. Higginbotham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various levels of lasalocid (Bovatec®) added to a protein supplement did not improve weight or condition change of beef cows grazing poor quality winter pasture. Similarly, calf birth weight and most forage utilization characteristics (e.g., intake, passage rate, and fermentation characteristics) were not altered by Bovatec level. Although forage digestibility was influenced by Bovatec level, changes were not sufficient to influence performance characteristics.


Influence Of Sorghum Grain Supplementation On Forage Utilization By Beef Steers Consuming Immature Bluestem, E.S. Vanzant, A.A. Beharka, R.C. Cochran, T.B. Avery, K.A. Jacques Jan 1987

Influence Of Sorghum Grain Supplementation On Forage Utilization By Beef Steers Consuming Immature Bluestem, E.S. Vanzant, A.A. Beharka, R.C. Cochran, T.B. Avery, K.A. Jacques

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementing beef steers consuming immature bluestem with 0, 1, 2, or 4 lbs of sorghum grain daily did not affect forage intake. Thus, total intake increased as level of grain increased. Total dry matter, cell wall, and starch digestibilities were mildly depressed with increasing grain. Rumen fill and rates of passage were similar for all treatments, and differences in rumen fermentation characteristics were minimal.


Influence Of Rumen Bypass Fat Fed In A Range Supplement On The Performance Of Cows And Calves Grazing Bluestem Range, L. Corah, B. Cochran, D. Harmon, T. Goehring Jan 1987

Influence Of Rumen Bypass Fat Fed In A Range Supplement On The Performance Of Cows And Calves Grazing Bluestem Range, L. Corah, B. Cochran, D. Harmon, T. Goehring

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding rumen bypass fat to a range supplement reproductive characteristics, cow weight and condition performance during a 43-day postpartum feeding period.


Effect Of Limited-Creep Feeding Calves Of Spring-Calving Cows Grazing Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, L. Corah, K. Zoellner Jan 1987

Effect Of Limited-Creep Feeding Calves Of Spring-Calving Cows Grazing Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, L. Corah, K. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two limited-creep feeding trials were conducted with spring-born, suckling calves on native grass. The high-energy creep rations containing an ionophore were fed during the last 63 or 85 days before weaning in the two trials. Creep intake was limited with salt to about 1.5 lb per calf daily. Calves consuming the limited-creep feeds gained .26 to .31 lb more per head daily and required 4.4 to 5.5 lb of creep per lb of extra weaning weight.


Evaluation Of A Calf Starter Supplement (1987), J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy Jan 1987

Evaluation Of A Calf Starter Supplement (1987), J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experimental calf starter made from a pelleted commercial type supplement and feeds readily available on the farm was compared to a conventional pelleted calf starter in an attempt to demonstrate an economical alternative to commercial calf starter. Calves fed the experimental starter consumed as much starter and gained as much weight as calves fed the conventional starter, thus demonstrating a potential for savings on feed cost. The project is continuing in an attempt to improve the starter composition.; Dairy Day, 1987, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1987;


Rumensin For The Lactating Dairy Cow (1987), J.C. Kube, R.A. Frey, John E. Shirley Jan 1987

Rumensin For The Lactating Dairy Cow (1987), J.C. Kube, R.A. Frey, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two Holstein cows were fed Rumensin for 12 weeks, beginning approximately 90 days postpartum. Milk production increased 7%, whereas percentage fat in milk decreased 10.3%. Percentage protein in milk increased 9.6% in the early stages and decreased 10.2% in the late stages of the study. Daily fat yield did not change, whereas protein yield increased in the early stages, but did not change in later stages. Fat corrected milk (FCM) did not change with treatment, but dry matter intake (DMI) tended to increase when Rumensin was fed. Acetate concentration did not change whereas propionate concentration increased, causing a significant decrease …


Increasing Litter Size In Swine Herds (1987), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton Jan 1987

Increasing Litter Size In Swine Herds (1987), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Management and biological factors combine to limit litter size in swine herds. With present technology, improving litter size depends upon increasing the number born in the first litter and prolonging sow longevity. Methods for improving size of the first litter rely on increasing the number of eggs ovulated and include flushing (increased feed for at least 10 days before breeding), selecting breeds with high ovulation rates, and delaying breeding until after the pubertal or first estrus. The first two methods are the most cost effective under farm conditions. Because litter size peaks at the fourth or fifth litter, it is …


Effect Of Display Lighting On Fresh Pork Longissimus Packaged In Oxygen-Permeable And Oxygen-Barrier Films (1987), S Hung, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1987

Effect Of Display Lighting On Fresh Pork Longissimus Packaged In Oxygen-Permeable And Oxygen-Barrier Films (1987), S Hung, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Longissimus samples from seven pork loins were used to determine display color stability when packaged in oxygen-permeable (polyviny lchloride, PVC) film and when vacuum packaged. Color scores were different at all times when evaluation was done under display lighting, with poorest color under Cool White and most desirable color under NAFA or Grolux Wide Spectrum. Since differences were minor or non-existent when evaluation was under a common light, we conclude that a different color rendition caused the differences noted and no photochemical effect occurred.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Effects Of Grain Sorghum Hybrid On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), G Goldy, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1987

Effects Of Grain Sorghum Hybrid On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), G Goldy, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to compare the feeding value of homozygous and heterozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum and corn for finishing pigs. Homozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum had no advantage in feeding value over heterozgous yellow endosperm hybrids (P>.05). Finishing hogs fed grain sorghum hybrids did not differ (P>.05) in average daily gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency compared to those fed a corn diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


The Value Of Drip Versus Spray Cooling At Two Flow Rates To Reduce Heat Stress Of Finishing Swine (1987), David A. Nichols, R C. Thaler, James P. Murphy, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1987

The Value Of Drip Versus Spray Cooling At Two Flow Rates To Reduce Heat Stress Of Finishing Swine (1987), David A. Nichols, R C. Thaler, James P. Murphy, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty pigs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of either spray cooling or drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress in finishing swine. In addition, water flow rates of .2 gal/pig/hr and .4 gal/pig/hr were compared. All wetting treatments significantly (P<.01) improved average daily gain and feed intake (P<.05) compared with non-wetted control. No differences were observed in feed to gain ratio among treatments. Drip sprinkling at the higher flow rate resulted in performance equal to that with intermittent spray cooling at both flow rates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Factors Predicting The Probability Of Estrus And Pregnancy (1987), T. Goehring, L. Corah, James J. Higgins Jan 1987

Factors Predicting The Probability Of Estrus And Pregnancy (1987), T. Goehring, L. Corah, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A statistical analysis was used to determine which live animal traits are useful in predicting reproductive performance in first-calf heifers. Heifer condition score at calving and change in condition score postcalving, calving difficulty score, and milk production were related to the probability of estrus and pregnancy. Condition score at calving had the greatest impact and, to a great extent, moderates the influence of the other traits.


Additive-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, B. Kirch, A. Laytimi, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1987

Additive-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, B. Kirch, A. Laytimi, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Whole-plant corn silages were treated with USO3M or Silo-Best Soluble® in one trial and with Garst M-74® in a second trial. In Trial 1 all three silages were well preserved and moderately stable in the air. USO3M silage lost less dry matter during fermentation than control or Silo-Best silages. Cattle fed the USO3M silage made 7.6% faster gains and were 5.2% more efficient than those fed the control silage. Cattle performance with the Silo-Best Soluble and control silages was similar. In trial 2, heifer gains were nearly identical for both control and Garst M-74 silages.


Apramycin For The Early-Weaned Pig (1987), Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee, R C. Thaler, W H. Turlington Jan 1987

Apramycin For The Early-Weaned Pig (1987), Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee, R C. Thaler, W H. Turlington

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 108 21-day-old pigs, weighing less than 10 lb, were utilized in two, 28-day trials to compare the effects of feeding high nutrient-density diets with either added apramycin, neomycin, or carbadox on pig performance. In Tria1, pigs fed the diet containing Apralan® gained slightly faster and were more efficient (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin during the first 14 days postweaning. There were no differences in pig performance in Trials I or II for the entire 28-day period. Two additional 28-day on-farm studies using a total of 427, 21-day old pigs were conducted, feeding a high nutrient-density diet medicated with either apramycin or neomycin plus terramycin. In both on-farm trials, pigs fed apramycin gained faster (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin for the initial 14 days post weaning. In the second on-farm trial, feed intake was higher (P<.09) during the first 14 days for pigs fed apramycin. Additionally, pigs fed diets medicated with apramycin were slightly heavier (1. 7 and 1.5 additional pounds for the first and second on-farm trials, respectively) at 28 days post weaning compared to pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin. These results indicate that apramycin will improve the performance of early-weaned pigs fed high nutrient-density diets compared to other feed medications.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


The Changing Structure Of Red Meat Demand (1987), James Mintert Jan 1987

The Changing Structure Of Red Meat Demand (1987), James Mintert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Testing for a demand change was done using pork and beef demand models estimated over the 1950-1984 period. Results suggest that a structural change has taken place in both beef and pork demand. The beef demand change, however, appears to have been more severe than that noted for pork.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Characteristics Of Aerial Dust In Finishing Buildings (1987), A J. Heber, M Stroik Jan 1987

Characteristics Of Aerial Dust In Finishing Buildings (1987), A J. Heber, M Stroik

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eleven finishing units were surveyed to study the characteristics of aerial dust and factors that influence dust concentrations. Feed dust was the major portion of the total dust mass and can be minimized with feed additives, less feed wastage, enclosed feed delivery, and periodic cleaning. Ventilation was the primary method for dust removal. Naturally ventilated buildings had higher dust concentrations than mechanically ventilated buildings because of lower average airflow rates, especially during cold weather. Swine workers can minimize respiratory symptoms by wearing face masks.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Effect Of Protein And/Or Carbohydrate Fractions Of Dried Whey On Performance And Nutrient Digestibility Of Weanling Pigs (1987), Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee Jan 1987

Effect Of Protein And/Or Carbohydrate Fractions Of Dried Whey On Performance And Nutrient Digestibility Of Weanling Pigs (1987), Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and eighty 3-wk old pigs (initial weight 10.6 lb) were utilized in a 35-day growth trial to determine the effects of the carbohydrate and/or protein fractions of dried whey on pig performance. In addition, 30 3-wk-old pigs (initial weight 10.8 lb) were used in two digestion trials to study the effects of the whey fractions on nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal control (CON), control + 20% dried whey (WHE), control + 14% lactose (CHO), control + 2.1% lactalbumin (PRO), control + 14% lactose + 2.1% lactalbumin (CHO + PHD), and control + 8.4% whey protein …


Effects Of Flushing, Altrenogest, And Pubertal Status On Litter Traits In Gilts (1987), M T. Rhodes, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1987

Effects Of Flushing, Altrenogest, And Pubertal Status On Litter Traits In Gilts (1987), M T. Rhodes, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We tested the effects of flushing (3.4 lb extra ground sorghum grain for at least 10 days before estrus) and estrous synchronization with altrenogest on litter traits in gilts. Altrenogest had no effect on litter size or weight, but flushing increased both traits. The response to flushing occurred entirely among gilts artificially inseminated at the pubertal estrus. Pubertal gilts represented approximately 40% of the gilts in our experiment, and their improvement in litter size was almost two pigs. When all gilts were considered, flushing improved litter size by .9 pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


The Effects Of Added Niacin During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1987

The Effects Of Added Niacin During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An on-farm field study utilizing 231 sows was conducted to determine the effects of added niacin during a 21-day lactation on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, sows were assigned to one of two dietary treatments that provided either 200 or 1000 mg niacin/day. All Iitters were equalized within dietary treatment by 24 hours following farrowing. All sows had a similar number of pigs born alive, pigs equalized per litter, and average pig and litter birth weights. Feeding sows a diet providing 1000 mg additional niacin did not significantly affect the number of pigs weaned, pig survival, or average pig …


Using Biotechnology To Improve Growth Rate And Carcass Composition In Swine (1987), Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1987

Using Biotechnology To Improve Growth Rate And Carcass Composition In Swine (1987), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Biotechnology has developed a number of compounds that partition nutrients away from fat tissue deposition and towards lean (muscle) tissue accretion in swine. Two compounds that have received considerable research attention are porcine somatotropin (growth hormone) and beta agonists. Somatotropin is a naturally occurring protein found in the blood of all mammals. Beta agonists are compounds commonly used in human medicine. Somatotropin and beta agonists can dramatically influence carcass leanness and ultimately pork product quality. Research has shown that porcine somatotropin can increase daily gains up to 19%, improve feed efficiency up to 28%, and reduce backfat thickness up to …


Assessing Swine Enterprise Efficiency With Computerized Records (1987), D E. Orr Jr Jan 1987

Assessing Swine Enterprise Efficiency With Computerized Records (1987), D E. Orr Jr

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Successful swine producers must be adaptable, utilize new technology, and know their herd production levels and costs if they want to alter those production factors that have an economic impact. A summary of the effect of various production factors on swine profitability is presented, using actual herd data in composite form. These data illustrate the production and financial impact that today's technology will have on future swine production units.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987


Effect Of Production On Reproduction (1987), Edward P. Call Jan 1987

Effect Of Production On Reproduction (1987), Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The genetic antagonsim that exists between production and reproduction is overcome by sound management practices. Kansas Holstein herds were ranked by quartile and analyzed by comparing various reproductive traits. Higher producing herds suffered less reproductive loss based upon the factors considered. The most significant differences concerned the average days dry, average days open on cows not yet serviced, percent of cows open more than 120 days since fresh, and average age at first calving. An adequate record system will identify potential reproductive problems, and a sound Preventive Herd Health Program (PHHP) will minimize actual losses from disease and cows not …


Further Studies Utilizing Hormones To Alter Estrous Cycles And Fertility (1987), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, R.E. Stewart, Edward P. Call Jan 1987

Further Studies Utilizing Hormones To Alter Estrous Cycles And Fertility (1987), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, R.E. Stewart, Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In one large dairy herd, we examined the reproductive performance of 943 cows following early postpartum hormonal therapy utilizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or Cystorelin®) and prostaglandin F2-α (PGF). None of our hormonal treatments improved reproductive efficiency in this herd, whereas earlier studies at the KSU Dairy Teaching and Research Center had proved beneficial. However, cows given PGF to induce estrus at the beginning of the breeding period had similar reproductive performance to control cows, suggesting a potential use for one injection of PGF to allow the breeding of more cows by a target date after calving (e.g., by 65 days).; …