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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Functional Trait Values, Not Trait Plasticity, Drive The Invasiveness Of Rosa Sp. In Response To Light Availability, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Jennifer E. Murphy
Functional Trait Values, Not Trait Plasticity, Drive The Invasiveness Of Rosa Sp. In Response To Light Availability, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Jennifer E. Murphy
Biology
PREMISE OF THE STUDY : Functional trait plasticity in resource capture traits has been suggested as an underlying mechanism promoting invasive species establishment and spread. Earlier studies on this mechanism treat invasiveness as a discrete characteristic (i.e., invasive vs. noninvasive) and do not consider the potential impacts of evolutionary history. In the present study, we used a continuous measure of invasiveness and a phylogenetic framework to quantify the relationship between functional trait expression, plasticity, and invasiveness in Rosa .
Phenotypic Plasticity And Population Differentiation In Response To Salinity In The Invasive Cordgrass Spartina Densiflora, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Brenda J. Grewell, Jesus M. Castillo, Meghan J. Skaer Thomason
Phenotypic Plasticity And Population Differentiation In Response To Salinity In The Invasive Cordgrass Spartina Densiflora, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Brenda J. Grewell, Jesus M. Castillo, Meghan J. Skaer Thomason
Biology
Salinity and tidal inundation induce physiological stress in vascular plant species and influence their distribution and productivity in estuarine wetlands. Climate change-induced sea level rise may magnify these abiotic stressors and the physiological stresses they can cause. Understanding the potential of invasive plants to respond to predicted salinity increases will elucidate their potential niche breadth. To examine potential phenotypic plasticity and functional trait responses to salinity stress in the invasive cordgrass Spartina densiflora, we collected rhizomes from four invasive populations occurring from California to Vancouver Island, British Columbia on the Pacific Coast of North America. In a glasshouse common …
Heterochrony Of Cranial Bones In Amniota And The Phylogenetic Placement Of Testudines, Kathleen Sagarin
Heterochrony Of Cranial Bones In Amniota And The Phylogenetic Placement Of Testudines, Kathleen Sagarin
Masters Theses
The study of developmental systems may help to resolve the disagreement between morphological data and molecular data when it comes to the placement of Testudines among Amniota. Among other unique morphological adaptations, turtles possess an anapsid (unfenestrated) condition of the temporal region of the skull. If turtles are descended from diapsids, as molecular data suggests, this implies a rapid transformation of the temporal region from the diapsid condition to the anapsid condition. This study specifically addressed temporal bone heterochony among amniotes using the methods of Continuous Analysis (Germain and Laurin 2009) and Parsimov-based Genetic Inference (Harrison and Larsson 2008) to …
Sequestered Alkaloid Defenses In The Dendrobatid Poison Frog Oophaga Pumilio Provide Variable Protection From Microbial Pathogens, Kyle Hovey
Masters Theses
Amphibians produce the majority of their defensive chemicals, however alkaloid defenses in poison frogs are sequestered from dietary arthropods. Alkaloids function as a defense against predators, and certain types appear to inhibit microbial growth. However, alkaloid defenses vary considerably among populations of poison frogs, reflecting geographic differences in availability of dietary arthropods. Consequently, environmentally driven differences in poison frog alkaloid defenses may have significant implications regarding their protection against pathogens. While natural alkaloid mixtures in poison frogs have recently been shown to inhibit growth of non-pathogenic microbes, no studies have examined the effectiveness of alkaloids against microbes that infect frogs. …
Variation In Alkaloid Defenses Of The Dendrobatid Poison Frog Oophaga Pumilio Lead To Differences In Avaoidance By Arhtropods, Sarah Bolton
Variation In Alkaloid Defenses Of The Dendrobatid Poison Frog Oophaga Pumilio Lead To Differences In Avaoidance By Arhtropods, Sarah Bolton
Masters Theses
Conspicuously colored dendrobatid frogs sequester alkaloid-based defenses from dietary arthropods, resulting in considerable alkaloid variation among populations. Although alkaloids act as a defense against predation, relatively little is known about how alkaloid variation is perceived and functions as a defense against predators. Throughout its geographic range, previous studies have found the dendrobatid frog Oophaga pumilio to have particularly variable alkaloids, and that differences in these alkaloids are associated with differences in toxicity to laboratory mice. Although toxicity is one measure of alkaloid variation, predator avoidance of dendrobatids might simply be due to the bitter or unpalatable nature of alkaloid defenses. …
A Putative Dual Role For Yorkie In Hippo Pathway Signaling, Caroline Hall
A Putative Dual Role For Yorkie In Hippo Pathway Signaling, Caroline Hall
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
The Hippo Pathway inactivates genes involved in organ size and when aberrant, can lead to cancer. To control organ size, the Hippo Pathway inhibits Yorkie (Yki), a transcriptional co-activator that works with Scalloped (Sd), a DNA binding protein. When active, Yki translocates into the nucleus and initiates transcription. Conversely, when inactive, Yki remains in the cytoplasm. However, my work shows that cytoplasmic, inactive Yki interacts with other proteins in the Hippo Pathway by recruiting them to the plasma membrane. Accordingly, this study challenges the notion that cytoplasmic Yki is inactive and instead, may play a dual role in the Hippo …
A Putative Dual Role For Yorkie In Hippo Pathway Signaling, Caroline Hall
A Putative Dual Role For Yorkie In Hippo Pathway Signaling, Caroline Hall
Senior Honors Projects
The Hippo pathway inactivates genes involved in organ size and when aberrant, can lead to cancer. To control organ size, the Hippo pathway inhibits Yorkie (Yki), a transcriptional coactivator that works with Scalloped (Sd), a DNA binding protein. When active, Yki translocates into the nucleus and initiates transcription. Conversely, when inactive, Yki remains in the cytoplasm. However, my work shows that cytoplasmic, inactive Yki interacts with other proteins in the Hippo pathway by recruiting them to the plasma membrane. Accordingly, this study challenges the notion that cytoplasmic Yki is inactive and instead, may play a dual role in the Hippo …
The Chondrocranium Of Lepidochelys Olivacea And The Taenia Marginalis, Vinh Trinh
The Chondrocranium Of Lepidochelys Olivacea And The Taenia Marginalis, Vinh Trinh
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
This study describes the anatomy of the chondrocranium of Lepidochelys olivacea (Cryptodira, Cheloniidae) through embryonic development, and aims to understand the taenia marginalis. Cleared and double-stained embryos were dissected and observed. The taenia marginalis is present as a thin, ribbon-like process that extends posteriorly from the dorsal margin of the planum supraseptale, and was found to be present as a transient anatomical bridge between the planum supraseptale and the otic capsule in a late Stage 24 specimen. Though present and well-formed for a short period of time, the taenia martinalis is quickly resorbed and is absent in all later specimens …
A New Species Of Stanieria(Cyanobacteria) Isolated From A Small Pool On Mexican Riviera, Sergey Shalygin
A New Species Of Stanieria(Cyanobacteria) Isolated From A Small Pool On Mexican Riviera, Sergey Shalygin
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
Among coccoid Cyanobacteria, special reproductive cells have been found: exocytesand baeocytes. These cells can be very different in terms of development. Exocytesare attached to the apical part of the mother cells. Baeocytesdevelop inside the mother cells, forming robust sheaths (Fig.1.A;B). In the phylogenetic sense, representatives of exocytesproduction belong to the CHROOCOCCALES, as opposed to baeocytesproducers which occur in the PLEUROCAPSALES (Fig.2.). In our research we found coccoid cyanobacteria, that produce baeocytesfrom the Mexican Riviera on the Yucatan Peninsula
Seed Germination Requirements Of Four Fire-Recruiter Chaparral Shrubs, Kati Mcclain
Seed Germination Requirements Of Four Fire-Recruiter Chaparral Shrubs, Kati Mcclain
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
No abstract provided.
Seed Germination Requirements For Four Fire-Recruiter Chaparral Shrubs, Kati Mcclain
Seed Germination Requirements For Four Fire-Recruiter Chaparral Shrubs, Kati Mcclain
Senior Honors Projects
Wildfires are a natural part of chaparral ecosystems, as they are essential to vegetative regrowth and plant recruitment. For many chaparral species, fire stimulates germination of dormant seeds in the seed bank. This study explored fire-related cues necessary for seed to break dormancy, germinate, and emerge in four chaparral species (Ceanothus cuneatus, C. jepsonii, Arctostaphylos manzanita, A. viscida). Seed were exposed to various treatments mimicking wildfire conditions, including boiling water and charred wood (charate), as well as physical scarification by concentrated acid, and monitored for germination. Our data indicate that Ceanothus seed require heat cues to germinate, but fire-related chemical …
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Vs. Alternative Stem Cell Research: Is There A Compromise?, Halle Herringshaw
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Vs. Alternative Stem Cell Research: Is There A Compromise?, Halle Herringshaw
Senior Honors Projects
No abstract provided.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Is Crucial For Tumor Associated Macrophage Protection Of Multiple Myeloma Cells Against Chemotherapy, Carolyn Stierhoff
Lactate Dehydrogenase Is Crucial For Tumor Associated Macrophage Protection Of Multiple Myeloma Cells Against Chemotherapy, Carolyn Stierhoff
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although chemotherapy is the most effective treatment, the majority of patients experience relapse. The major cause of treatment failure is the development of multidrug resistance. Thus, overcoming drug resistance will greatly improve patient survival. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plays an important role in anaerobic respiration by converting pyruvate into lactate in the absence or low supply of oxygen. It has been observed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) present in tumor environments can protect MM from chemotherapy treatment. We discovered that an LDH …
The Effects Of Body Weight, Food Intake, Activity, And Anxiety In Female Rats, Rachel Mangan
The Effects Of Body Weight, Food Intake, Activity, And Anxiety In Female Rats, Rachel Mangan
Senior Honors Projects
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug. It is placed in the imidazopyridine class of drugs, which are gamma aminobutyric acis (GABA)-A receptor agonists due to their effect on the alpha-1 GABA-A receptor subunit. The present study focused on differences observed during administration of zolpidem to female rats as compared to a previous study performed on male rats. Female rats receiving zolpidem did not differ significantly from those rats not receiving zolpidem; whereas, male animals were shown to be more affected by zolpidem causing increased food intake, lowered activity levels, increased anxiety, and increased visceral adiposity. Female rats exhibited little change …
Clinical Guidelines In Practice: How Well Are Primary Care Providers Following National Chronic Kidney Disease Recommendations?, Kaitlyn Edbauer
Clinical Guidelines In Practice: How Well Are Primary Care Providers Following National Chronic Kidney Disease Recommendations?, Kaitlyn Edbauer
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), prevalent in more than 10% of the United States population, is a progressive, degenerative disease affecting the renal function of afflicted individuals. CKD has gained awareness among clinicians due to growing concern about the many complications that arise in patients with CKD. The KDIGO (Kidney Disease; Improving Global Outcomes) 2012 clinical guidelines for the treatment of CKD created uniform measures aimed to improve quality care and effective treatment of the CKD population. This study investigates the extent to which these measures are being implemented and adhered to among providers at the practice level.
Trait Responses Of Invasive Aquatic Macrophyte Congeners: Colonizing Diploid Outperforms Polyploid, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Brenda J. Grewell, Meghan J. Skaer Thomason, C. J. Futrell, M. Iannucci
Trait Responses Of Invasive Aquatic Macrophyte Congeners: Colonizing Diploid Outperforms Polyploid, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Brenda J. Grewell, Meghan J. Skaer Thomason, C. J. Futrell, M. Iannucci
Biology
Understanding traits underlying colonization and niche breadth of invasive plants is key to developing sustainable management solutions to curtail invasions at the establishment phase, when efforts are often most effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate how two invasive congeners differing in ploidy respond to high and low resource availability following establishment from asexual fragments. Because polyploids are expected to have wider niche breadths than diploid ancestors, we predicted that a decaploid species would have superior ability to maximize resource uptake and use, and outperform a diploid congener when colonizing environments with contrasting light and nutrient availability. A …
Revision Of The Synechococcales (Cyanobacteria) Through Recognition Of Four Families Including Oculatellaceae Fam. Nov. And Trichocoleaceae Fam Nov. And Seven New Genera Containing 14 Species, Truc Mai
Masters Theses
A total of 48 strains of thin, filamentous cyanobacteria in the Synechococcales were studed by sequencing 16S rRNA, rpoC1, and rbcLX gene fragments. A subset of these were carefully characterized morphologically. Bayesian analysis of the 16S rRNA gene data in a large alignment of Synechococcales (345 OTU's) was in agreement with the phylogeny based on the rpoC1 gene for 59 OTU's. Both indicated that the large family-level grouping formerly classified as the Leptolyngbyaceae could be further divided into four family-level clades. Two of these family-level clades have been recognized previously as Leptolyngbyaceae and Prochlorotrichaceae. The Oculatellaceae fam. prov. and Trichocoleaceae …
Cyanomargarita Gen. Nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): Convergent Evolution Resulting In A Cryptic Genus, Sergey Shalygin
Cyanomargarita Gen. Nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): Convergent Evolution Resulting In A Cryptic Genus, Sergey Shalygin
Masters Theses
Two populations of Rivularia-like cyanobacteria were isolated from ecologically diverse and biogeographically distant sites. One population was from an unpolluted stream in the Kola Peninsula of Russia, whereas the other was from a wet wall in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, a desert park-land in Utah. Though both were virtually indistinguishable from Rivularia in field and cultured material, they were both phylogenetically distant from Rivularia and the Rivulariaceae based on both 16S rRNA and rbcLX phylogenies. The new putative cryptic genus Cyanomargarita, with proposed type species C. melechinii sp. nov., and additional putative species C. calcarea are described herein. A …
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Gene Flow Patterns Among Woodland Salamander Populations Inhabitating Contrasting Landscapes, Alexander C. Cameron
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Gene Flow Patterns Among Woodland Salamander Populations Inhabitating Contrasting Landscapes, Alexander C. Cameron
Masters Theses
Dispersal is a fundamental evolutionary process that serves as a mechanism by which local populations remain connected through space. Habitat loss and fragmentation remain widespread threats to biodiversity globally, and therefore it is imperative to understand how dispersal patterns are affected by anthropogenic modifications of the environment. Using a panel of 10 novel microsatellite loci, I estimated gene flow patterns over historical and contemporary timescales among populations of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in a previously unstudied portion of the species range. Four focal populations reside within a highly fragmented urban center whereas the remaining four focal populations persist in …