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The Effect Of Body Size On Mate Choice By Ambystoma Laterale Breeding With Unisexual Salamanders, Cole Christian Duvall
The Effect Of Body Size On Mate Choice By Ambystoma Laterale Breeding With Unisexual Salamanders, Cole Christian Duvall
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Within the genus Ambystoma exists a complex of unisexual (all female) polyploid salamanders, which can breed with males of five sexual species of salamander. Unisexuals face intense sexual selection from diploid males, who prefer to mate with females of their own species. At the Edwin S. George Reserve (ESGR), it has been observed that LLJ unisexuals with large body sizes migrate to breeding ponds earlier than small unisexuals. A possible explanation for this behavior is that large LLJ unisexuals are sexually selected against, when compared to small unisexuals. We hypothesized that A. laterale males would prefer smaller LLJ unisexuals, when …
Synthesis Of Dihydro-Β-Carbolines By Tandem C-H Activation And Aza-Michael Reaction In The Presence Of Rh(Ii)/Squaramide Catalysis: Investigation Of The Mechanism Via Computational Methods, Syed Wasiuddin
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
N-heterocycles are the major component of various bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and their precursors. In particularly, β-carbolines are examples of substituted indole and its derivatives that serve as the basic structures of diverse, therapeutically important molecules with broad pharmacological properties. Rajasekar and Anbarasan have suggested a novel one-pot synthesis for dihydro-β-carbolines involving more than one catalytic system: a rhodium acetate dimer for C-H insertion on the indole and a basic organo-catalyst for the subsequent aza-Michael addition. The product can be obtained enantioselectively by using a chiral squaramide as the organo-catalyst. Since the mechanism of this reaction, including the rate determining …
Herbicide Management Alters Fungal Biomass And Community Composition In Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands, Erica Danae Lathers
Herbicide Management Alters Fungal Biomass And Community Composition In Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands, Erica Danae Lathers
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Wetlands provide many ecosystem services, and invasive species and their management can alter these services. Plant responses to wetland management actions are typically monitored, but less is known about how soils respond. Phragmites australis, an invasive wetland plant, can alter soil conditions, potentially impacting soil microbial structure and function. We sampled soil communities in Great Lakes coastal wetlands in southeastern Michigan dominated by Phragmites and sites that had been previously invaded by Phragmites then treated with herbicide from 2011-2017, to understand how herbicide management alters soil fungal communities. We assessed microbial and fungal biomass, fungal community composition, greenhouse gas emissions, …
Looking For Love On A Chilly Night: The Colorado Brown Tarantula Mating Season, Dallas Haselhuhn
Looking For Love On A Chilly Night: The Colorado Brown Tarantula Mating Season, Dallas Haselhuhn
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Aphonopelma hentzi is the most widespread and abundant tarantula species in the United States. While a distinct mating season is observed, it has not been well studied and the environmental drivers for the mating season are unknown. By conducting daily surveys on a peripheral population within Southeast Colorado, between August and November 2022, I found that after the first significant temperature drop, the number of mate-seeking males was significantly higher than prior to this temperature event. Mate-seeking males were significantly correlated with a drop in the water vapor pressure gradient, a rarely used biological metric for assessing potential water loss …
Impacts Of Viral Infection By Ma-Lmm01 On Microcystin Production By Microcystis Aeruginosa, Amber Elizabeth Haley
Impacts Of Viral Infection By Ma-Lmm01 On Microcystin Production By Microcystis Aeruginosa, Amber Elizabeth Haley
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Increasing global temperatures and nutrient availability from anthropogenic sources have contributed to climate change and pollution in waterways. Environmental changes have promoted annual harmful algal blooms (HABs), which have the potential to lead to conditions that negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and organisms that depend on them. HABs can impact water quality through the release of soluble toxins (e.g., microcystin), produced by cyanobacteria that can bypass standard drinking water processing protocols. It has been suggested that viral infections of cyanobacteria may contribute to increased production and release of microcystins. In this project, two hypotheses were assessed: 1) virus-mediated lysis releases toxins …
Evaluating Non-Point Source Microplastic Pollution And Its Impact On Biota In The Huron River, Morgan H. Chaudry
Evaluating Non-Point Source Microplastic Pollution And Its Impact On Biota In The Huron River, Morgan H. Chaudry
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), like microplastics and pharmaceuticals, are a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems across the globe. Microplastics can be transported into waterways through a myriad of sources, including point sources such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and nonpoint sources, such as runoff. Microplastics can act as vectors for other CECs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), into biota. The goal of this study was to evaluate 1) the importance of non-point sources of microplastic pollution to the Huron River, 2) if aquatic filter feeders ingest microplastics, and 3) how the interaction of microplastics and pharmaceuticals affect filter …
Soil And Compost Tea: A New Restoration Technique?, Carol E. Day
Soil And Compost Tea: A New Restoration Technique?, Carol E. Day
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Historically, prairie restorations have lacked the plant diversity seen in remnant prairies. Most restoration practices focus on reestablishing the plant community but overlook the soil microbial community even though microbes are critical to habitat functioning. Developing techniques that increase soil microbes in prairie restorations is critical to ensuring diverse restored habitats. We compared how microbial communities differed between remnant and restored prairie sites. We also investigated if soil and compost teas could be used to reintroduce microbes to restored prairie soil and if the teas affected native plant establishment. We found significant differences in the levels of bacterial taxa between …
Investigating Sources Of Microplastics And Effects Of Plastic Pollution On Biofilm Function In The Huron River, Sadie Baker
Investigating Sources Of Microplastics And Effects Of Plastic Pollution On Biofilm Function In The Huron River, Sadie Baker
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Plastics are a global environmental threat due to mass production and the many unknowns regarding the long-term effects of plastic pollution in the environment. Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, and they have become ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. MPs enter aquatic ecosystems through non-point sources such as urbanization, runoff, or atmospheric fallout or through point-sources such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To determine MP sources in the Huron River, we evaluated MP load (MPs/day) upstream and downstream from urban centers (Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti) and the Ann Arbor WWTP. The average MP load among sample …
Investigating The Role Of Lim Kinase In Embryonic Development, Nehul Dharmesh Tanna
Investigating The Role Of Lim Kinase In Embryonic Development, Nehul Dharmesh Tanna
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Cellular communication is important in embryonic development. It facilitates timely migration and maturation of cells to produce a fully functional organism using cell signaling pathways. These pathways involve receptors, ligands, and intracellular enzymes to produce different effects in the cell. One such pathway, the EphA4 signaling pathway, is involved in altering the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. LIM kinases (LIMKs) are enzymes that regulate important components of the cytoskeleton. We hypothesized involvement of LIMKs in the EphA4 pathway and investigated their involvement in X. laevis embryonic development as a first step toward evaluating this hypothesis. We mutated LIMK genes in frog …
Sexism And Racism In Stem: A Bleak History And A Bright Future, Abigail Hoskins
Sexism And Racism In Stem: A Bleak History And A Bright Future, Abigail Hoskins
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Women and people of color have faced discrimination throughout history, and this inequity persists today. This results in low numbers of women and people of color in STEM and leads to stereotypes and bias as well as harassment, financial disparities, and erasure of their contributions. Current initiatives promote equality and equity in STEM, such as protests against discriminatory practices and after-school programs encouraging youth from marginalized groups to participate in STEM, but these are not enough. Institutional and structural changes and solutions that address the intersectional needs of women and people of color are necessary to ensure equity and equality …
Microbial Communities Improve Growth Of Slow-Growing, Uncommon Legumes In A Restored Prairie, Alex Chumney
Microbial Communities Improve Growth Of Slow-Growing, Uncommon Legumes In A Restored Prairie, Alex Chumney
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Restored prairies are attempts at restoring native prairies, most of which have been lost. However, restoration is often challenging because native prairie plants, such as native prairie legumes, often fail to establish in restored prairies. We hypothesized legume’s failure to establish in restored prairies is due to changes in the microbial communities with which legumes have multi-mutualistic relationships: rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Additionally, we hypothesized that late successional legumes rely on multi-mutualistic relationships for establishment and growth more than early successional legumes, and would respond synergistically to rhizobia and AMF treatments. To test this, we inoculated eight native …
Tagging Atg5 With An Epitope Tag To Measure The Amount Of Atg12-5 Conjugation In Atg10 Mutants, Sophie Campbell
Tagging Atg5 With An Epitope Tag To Measure The Amount Of Atg12-5 Conjugation In Atg10 Mutants, Sophie Campbell
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Autophagy is a necessary recycling process that occurs in cells, but the functions of the proteins that carry this out are not completely understood. The protein ATG10 has a distinct role in forming autophagosomes, large double membrane vesicles necessary for this process. ATG10 forms a covalent bond between the proteins ATG12 and ATG5 but its final effect on autophagosome formation is still unclear. We are using DNA manipulation techniques to add a myc epitope tag to yeast ATG5 which will allow us to measure the effect of atg10 mutants on ATG12-5 conjugation via Western Blot. These results will help us …
Comparison Of Water Column Properties Derived From An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle And Satellite Based Sources In Lake Michigan, David Bennion
Comparison Of Water Column Properties Derived From An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle And Satellite Based Sources In Lake Michigan, David Bennion
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are an emerging technology increasingly being employed in geoscience and ecosystem research in the Great Lakes, capitalizing on their ability to sample large areas fitted with a variety of sensors. Previous to AUV use, chlorophyll measurements were either collected at discrete locations accessed by boats or derived from satellite remote sensing data. An advantage of AUVs is the ability to detect the presence of subsurface formations such as a deep chlorophyll layer or directly measure features such as the extent of the photic zone, which provides the opportunity to compare these in situ measured features to …
Influence Of Approach Angle On Ball Velocity During The American Football Instep Placekick, Kristoph C. Lopata
Influence Of Approach Angle On Ball Velocity During The American Football Instep Placekick, Kristoph C. Lopata
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
High ball velocity in American football placekicking (PK) enhances the opportunity to score during competition. Insight into self-selected (SS) approach angle and whether an optimal angle exists for maximal ball velocity may improve performance. Methods: Three selected approach angles (30°, 45°, 60°) and a SS approach angle were assessed to analyze kicking velocity among 11 intercollegiate male kickers. Descriptive statistics analyzed SS angles, and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with the significance level set a p < .05 compared maximal ball velocity between angles. Results: Mean SS angle was 37.25° ± 3.67, and the SS and 45° approach produced the highest maximal ball velocities; however, no approach angle (SS, 30°, 45°, 60°) differed significantly F(3, 30) = 1.869, p < .156. Conclusions: Approach angle did not significantly affect maximal ball velocity. However, future studies are needed with larger sample sizes and diverse placekicking populations who are participating in American football.
Influence Of Social Cues On The Initiation Of Migratory Behavior In Red Crossbills (Loxia Curvirostra), John Bobo
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The timing of migration is crucial for the fitness of organisms because mistimed migration can cause exposure to difficult conditions. Photoperiod drives migratory timing in many species, but little work has focused on how social cues might fine-tune migratory timing. The goal of this study is to determine if birds use social cues from conspecifics to fine-tune the initiation of migratory behavior and physiology. Red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) are gregarious, nomadic migrants that make seasonal movements to find patchily-distributed conifer seeds and are responsive to social cues in the context of food. I test the hypothesis that social …
The Promise And Perils Of Molecular Combing, Jeanmarie Mishler
The Promise And Perils Of Molecular Combing, Jeanmarie Mishler
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Dynamic Molecular Combing (DMC) is a method of making visible single molecules of DNA. The method stretches the molecules, attaching them to a glass coverslip; labels them with an intercalating dye or fluorescent antibodies; and images the molecules with fluorescent microscopy. After combing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to inspect regions on the DNA molecule. DMC is especially technically challenging for undergraduate research laboratories. To make the technique accessible to an undergraduate laboratory this project addresses three challenges: pH of buffer solution, NaOH exposure time, and halogenated thymidine exposure time in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A serial pH …
Impact Of Co-Culturing Bacteria Upon Antibiotic Production, Zora Westwalewicz
Impact Of Co-Culturing Bacteria Upon Antibiotic Production, Zora Westwalewicz
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
The lack of new antibiotics capable of treating the ever-increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections reflects the difficulty of finding new antimicrobial compounds. Most antibiotics were originally discovered from microorganisms that were grown in isolation. The interspecies interactions involved in co-culturing microbes, growing two or more strains together, can impact the types and increase production levels of antimicrobial compounds compared to monocultures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether co-culturing antibacterial producers would result in increased antibiotic production. Mixed student samples from the EMU Tiny Earth lab were utilized for this study because there was a higher chance …
Vocal Analysis Of The Newly Described Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog, Carrie J. Kosiba
Vocal Analysis Of The Newly Described Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog, Carrie J. Kosiba
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Urbanization alters animal behaviors and especially impacts amphibians due to their sensitivity to environmental change, small home ranges, and reliance on acoustic communication to locate mates. A newly discovered leopard frog species, Rana kauffeldi, was recently described from the New York City metro area. This species was previously characterized as R. sphenocephala due to their nearly identical morphology, but the two species are distinguished based on genetics and calling characteristics. The goal of this project was to document calling intensity and phenology (timing) differences between urban and rural populations of R. kauffeldi, as well as describe variation across …
Synthesis Of A Key Building Block For A Metal-Like Carbon-Based Compound, Chimi Dolker Sherpa
Synthesis Of A Key Building Block For A Metal-Like Carbon-Based Compound, Chimi Dolker Sherpa
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
Decomposition Of Organic Matter Above And Below Dams, Olivia Muntz
Decomposition Of Organic Matter Above And Below Dams, Olivia Muntz
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Dams produce hydroelectric power and control flooding, but they also cause negative ecological consequences such as habitat fragmentation and altered water quality. The goal of this study was to determine whether dams alter rates of organic matter decomposition. Decomposition rates in impoundments and in free-flowing sections of the Huron River were measured using the cotton strip assay. We hypothesized that if water temperature is the main driver of decomposition rates, then higher rates of decomposition would be expected behind dams due to anticipated warmer water temperatures in the impoundment. If oxygen concentrations are a main driver of decomposition rates, lower …
Methane Fluxes From The Peninsular Dam Impoundment In Ypsilanti, Mi, Jacob Fagerstrom
Methane Fluxes From The Peninsular Dam Impoundment In Ypsilanti, Mi, Jacob Fagerstrom
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Dams and reservoirs are a significant source of Methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, due to sediment and organic matter trapping, decomposition, and subsequent anoxia. Most measurements to assess methane production from dams are on large tropical impoundments and reservoirs, with few studies on methane emissions from small, midlatitude impoundments. These small impoundments make up most dams around the world and are underrepresented in the literature. Here, we evaluated methane from low-head dams on a midlatitude river in southeast Michigan. We measured emissions from impoundment and free-flowing sections using static floating chambers and dissolved methane along a longitudinal …
Characterization Of Cofilin And Its Potential Role In The Epha4 Pathway, Brian Donald Condron
Characterization Of Cofilin And Its Potential Role In The Epha4 Pathway, Brian Donald Condron
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
EphA4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is responsible for cellular adhesion and locomotion using repulsion signaling in early development of Xenopus laevis. EphA4 regulates cellular locomotion by controlling proteins within its signal transduction pathway, which may include the protein cofilin. Cofilin actively severs and removes actin monomers, thus altering the actin cytoskeleton, leading to the cessation of cellular crawl. During the gastrulation phase of embryonic development, individual cells are relocating to create the three primary germ layers of the organism. Failure of this process to occur results in attrition of the embryos, frequently by way of embryonic exogastrulation. …
X-Ray Crystallography Of Protein Uhrf2 With H3k9me3, Isaak Miller
X-Ray Crystallography Of Protein Uhrf2 With H3k9me3, Isaak Miller
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Epigenetics is the study of regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Ubiquitin-like containing Plant Homeodomain and Ring-Finger 2 (UHRF2) is an epigenetic protein that is both overexpressed and underexpressed in various types of cancers. Recent studies have shown the Tandem Tudor Domain (TTD) and Planthomeo Domain (PHD) of UHRF2 interact with histone 3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3). However, the structural basis for UHRF2 TTD-PHD binding H3K9me3 has not been determined. This project consists of purification of the UHRF2 TTD-PHD protein construct expressed in E. coli, crystallization of the protein, X-ray diffraction of the crystal, and molecular replacement …
Introducing An H113a Mutation Into Atg10 Y73q To Reduce Autophagic Activity And Understand The Effect Of Atg On Autophagosome Size And Number, Konrad L. Lautenschlager
Introducing An H113a Mutation Into Atg10 Y73q To Reduce Autophagic Activity And Understand The Effect Of Atg On Autophagosome Size And Number, Konrad L. Lautenschlager
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Autophagy is an essential recycling process that occurs within eukaryotic cells, however, the individual functions of the current thirty-two known autophagic proteins are not yet entirely understood. At this time, it is known that the autophagic protein Atg7 works upstream of both Atg3 and Atg10. Atg3 is affected by Atg7 and allows for the attachment of Atg8 and the lipid PE which is part of the autophagosome membrane. The Atg10 pathway is also affected by Atg7 but attaches Atg12 to Atg5 which upregulates the function of Atg3 and ultimately Atg8 lipidation. These protein interactions are necessary for forming autophagosomes, large …
The Membrane As An Rc Circuit: A Teaching Method For Undergraduate Neuroscience Students, Harlie Ann Mckelvey
The Membrane As An Rc Circuit: A Teaching Method For Undergraduate Neuroscience Students, Harlie Ann Mckelvey
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Understanding the roles that current, resistance, and capacitance play in neuronal function are important, yet challenging concepts for undergraduate neuroscience students to grasp. Using simple labs and hands-on activities can improve understanding and reduce intimidation. Previously, the Resistance-Capacitance (RC) circuit has been used to create an equivalent model of the neuronal membrane. However, these electrical properties can still be difficult to understand and see in the lab. Here we describe an updated lab exercise where students build an equivalent RC circuit that utilizes a light emitting diode (LED). This allows for students to see the effects of capacitance and resistance …
Predictability Of Vo2max From Three Commercially Available Devices, Luke Daniel Mccormick
Predictability Of Vo2max From Three Commercially Available Devices, Luke Daniel Mccormick
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The Polar V800TM, A300TM, and Garmin Forerunner 235TM predict VO2max from a submaximal effort. Purpose: To examine the predictability of VO2max from two heart rate monitors (Device A and V) and a global positioning system (GPS) watch compared to measured VO2max. Methods: Forty participants, 22 males and 18 females ages 18 to 55, came to the Running Science Laboratory at Eastern Michigan University. During visit 1, participants completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to determine VO2max. At visit 2, each device’s protocol was followed to estimate VO2max. Pearson correlations, repeated measures ANOVA, and a paired samples t-test were utilized …
Southeast Michigan Wastewater Treatment Plants As Potential Sources Of Microplastic Pollution In The Rouge River And Huron River, Jennifer Troost
Southeast Michigan Wastewater Treatment Plants As Potential Sources Of Microplastic Pollution In The Rouge River And Huron River, Jennifer Troost
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Plastic pollution is a global issue affecting the health and stability of freshwater and marine environments. Microplastics can be introduced into waterways from a variety of sources, such as agricultural runoff, anthropogenic litter, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To determine whether WWTPs are a source of microplastics to the Lower Rouge and Huron Rivers, we measured microplastic load upstream and downstream of two Southeast Michigan wastewater treatment plants: the Ann Arbor Wastewater Treatment Plant and Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority (YCUA). Results from this study indicated that YCUA, which discharges into a small stream with limited watershed inputs, is a significant …
Expansion Microscopy To Visualize Cell-Cycle Events In The Abbreviated Cell Cycle In Caenorhabditis Elegans (Roundworm) Germline Stem Cells, Taylor Campbell
Expansion Microscopy To Visualize Cell-Cycle Events In The Abbreviated Cell Cycle In Caenorhabditis Elegans (Roundworm) Germline Stem Cells, Taylor Campbell
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The abbreviated cell cycle is a poorly understood form of the cell cycle essential for genome stability in stem cells. To visualize cell-cycle events in the abbreviated cell cycle, we optimized a protocol for expansion microscopy in stem cells of the reproductive system of the model organism C. elegans. Optimizations included development of new mounting techniques and modifications to DNA staining methods. These optimizations produced brighter samples that were easier to find and focus on at the microscope. These optimizations, combined with future labeling of DNA replication, will expand our understanding of how cells with an abbreviated cell cycle maintain …
The Relationship Between Population Dynamics And Dietary Preferences Within Two Snake Genera (Storeria And Thamnophis), Molly M. Dixon
The Relationship Between Population Dynamics And Dietary Preferences Within Two Snake Genera (Storeria And Thamnophis), Molly M. Dixon
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Amidst massive losses in biodiversity, it is vital to identify the factors driving species declines. The main objective of this research was to assess dietary differences between Storeria dekayi and Thamnophis sirtalis and their less abundant and more geographically restricted sister species, Storeria occipitomaculata and Thamnophis butleri, in Illinois and Michigan. I hypothesized that greater abundance and more cosmopolitan distribution are associated with consuming a wide variety of prey and more nonnative prey. To assess diets, I conducted field surveys of Storeria and Thamnophis and analyzed DNA metabarcoding data from fecal samples. I found no significant difference in the …
Sleep And Athletic Performance Of Formula 1 Race Car Drivers During The 2019 Season, Alexander Pollack
Sleep And Athletic Performance Of Formula 1 Race Car Drivers During The 2019 Season, Alexander Pollack
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Sufficient, good quality sleep is associated with better performance in many sports; however, this relationship has not been examined among motorsport athletes. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (SQ), sleep duration (SD), and performance metrics among professional racecar drivers. During the 2019 season, five Formula 1 drivers reported SQ, SD, and hours of time change for each race. Performance data (finishing position and points earned) were obtained from a public website. Relationships between sleep variables and driving performance were examined using correlations. Correlations between SQ and driving performance were not significant. SD and …