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Analyses Of Consumer Perceptions, Farmer Challenges, Polyamine, And Amino Acid Content Of Organic And Conventional Fresh Produce Grown In South Carolina, Emily Steinberg
Analyses Of Consumer Perceptions, Farmer Challenges, Polyamine, And Amino Acid Content Of Organic And Conventional Fresh Produce Grown In South Carolina, Emily Steinberg
All Dissertations
Execution of the USDA organic standards led to more support for local food as distinct from organic food. The current study was conducted to examine fresh produce perceptions and purchasing decisions of S.C. consumers. Four-hundred and eight S.C. consumers were surveyed at S.C. grocery stores. More than one-third of the S.C. consumers not knowing about the 'certified S.C. grown' program suggest that the S.C. Department of Agriculture (SCDA) may want to improve the promotion of their program. Eighty-five percent of consumers indicated that they would choose local over organic. This information would be useful to local S.C. produce farmers who …
Regulation Of The Lipid Raft Localization Of The Gal/Galnac Lectin, An Adhesin On The Surface Of The Human Protozoan Parasite, Entamoeba Histolytica, Amanda Goldston
Regulation Of The Lipid Raft Localization Of The Gal/Galnac Lectin, An Adhesin On The Surface Of The Human Protozoan Parasite, Entamoeba Histolytica, Amanda Goldston
All Dissertations
Lipid rafts, sterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains, have been shown to control virulence in a variety of parasites including Entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal parasite that causes dysentery and liver abscess. Parasite cell surface receptors, such as the Gal/GalNAc lectin, facilitate attachment to host cells and extracellular matrix. The Gal/GalNAc lectin binds to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues on host components, and is composed of heavy (Hgl), intermediate (Igl), and light (Lgl) subunits. Although Igl is constitutively localized to lipid rafts, Hgl and Lgl transiently associate with this compartment in a cholesterol-dependent fashion. Exposure to bonafide Gal/GalNAc lectin ligands is associated with …
Characterization Of Two Type Iv Collagens Involved In Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nephropathy, Keri Tabb
Characterization Of Two Type Iv Collagens Involved In Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nephropathy, Keri Tabb
All Dissertations
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the kidney is highly specialized and required for filtration of waste products from the bloodstream. One of the major structural and functional units of the GBM is a network composed of type IV collagen heterotrimers, or protomers. Early in development of the human and dog, an isoform switch occurs, and the α1α1α2 (IV) network found in the nascent GBM is replaced with α3α4α5 (IV) protomers. Mutations in any of the genes encoding proteins found in the mature GBM network may prevent protomer formation and cause a progressive disorder leading to end stage renal failure …
Family Cancer History And Pedigrees As A Public Health Intervention For Promoting Health And Preventing Prostate Cancer In African American Men, Holisa Wharton
Family Cancer History And Pedigrees As A Public Health Intervention For Promoting Health And Preventing Prostate Cancer In African American Men, Holisa Wharton
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. African-American men have substantially higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality than European-American men. It is unclear whether this incidence is due to acquired DNA changes (sporadic cancer) or if germline Mendelian genetics/genomics (inherited cancer) is the source of this health disparity. To explore this cause, the focus of this dissertation paper is family health history and hereditary prostate cancer. A family history tool is the most commonly used predictive instrument for hereditary prostate cancer. The …
Analysis Of Genotype, Phenotype, And Age Progression In Phelan-Mcdermid Syndrome, Sara Sarasua
Analysis Of Genotype, Phenotype, And Age Progression In Phelan-Mcdermid Syndrome, Sara Sarasua
All Dissertations
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a developmental disability syndrome associated with deletions of the terminal end of one copy of chromosome 22q13. The observed chromosomal aberrations include simple terminal deletions, interstitial deletions, deletions and duplications, and duplications without deletions. All patients have some degree of developmental disability and many also have hypotonia, autism, minor dysmorphic features, and seizures. I performed an epidemiological and cytogenetic investigation to better understand the etiology of Phelan-McDermid syndrome and to provide information to patients and their families, clinicians, and researchers investigating developmental disabilities. Deletions vary widely in size, from 60 kb to more than 9 Mb, but …
Molecular Genetics Of Nodule Number Regulation: Cloning, Characterization And Functional Studies Of The Root Determined Nodulator1 (Rdn1) Gene In Medicago Truncatula, Tessema Kassaw
All Dissertations
Nitrogen is critical to life. However, the majority of nitrogen on earth (in the atmosphere) is inert and unavailable to nearly all organisms. Metabolically diverse prokaryotes are the only organisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen; rhizobia set up a symbiosis with legume plants allowing the plants to benefit from this ability. Since nodulation and the subsequent nitrogen fixation processes are energy intensive, the host plant must balance hosting of the rhizobia by limiting the number of nodules it forms through a mechanism called Autoregulation of Nodulation (AON). My study of mutants in the model legume Medicago truncatula defective in AON …
Foliar Applied Urea Nitrogen Metabolism In Warm-Season Turfgrass Under Salinity Stress, Nicholas Menchyk
Foliar Applied Urea Nitrogen Metabolism In Warm-Season Turfgrass Under Salinity Stress, Nicholas Menchyk
All Dissertations
The most widely used foliar nitrogen (N) source for warm-season turfgrass and agriculture is urea [(NH2)2CO], due to its low cost, high percentage of N (46% by mass), and completely soluble nature. Since urea is a soluble N source, it is commonly utilized as a foliar N source when tank mixed with pesticides in warm-season turfgrass management. The N in urea is not directly available to the plant until it is hydrolyzed into ammonia by the enzyme urease in the cytosol. Urease is a nickel (Ni2+) dependant enzyme that is ubiquitous in plants. Its main biochemical function is the hydrolysis …
The Effects Of Temperature On Energy Utilization By Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Elizabeth Whitehill
The Effects Of Temperature On Energy Utilization By Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Elizabeth Whitehill
All Dissertations
Most ectothermic organisms are larger when reared at lower temperatures and temperature can greatly affect an organism's physiological state, so understanding how temperature affects larval size and quality can provide insight into how the larval thermal environment affects post-metamorphic success. Because quality is often defined in terms of size and energy content, I focused on how temperature affects energy utilization by larvae and how differences in energy accumulation and utilization may carry over into the juvenile stage. Marine invertebrate larvae are often classified into two groups: larvae from smaller eggs that must obtain food from the environment in order to …
Treatment Thresholds For Bollworm (Helicoverpa Zea) In Dual-Gene Bt Cotton, Kristen Carter
Treatment Thresholds For Bollworm (Helicoverpa Zea) In Dual-Gene Bt Cotton, Kristen Carter
All Theses
Dual-gene Bt cotton has reduced the need for insecticide treatments for bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), compared with original single-gene Bt technology. Bollgard II¨ (Monsanto, St. Louis, MO) and WideStrike¨ (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN), both produce the Cry1Ac protein and a second protein, Cry2Ab or Cry1F, respectively. These dual-gene Bt cottons provide enhanced control of lepidopteran pests, but remain less than 100% effective against bollworm, particularly when population pressure is high. Current recommended treatment thresholds for bollworm on cotton in South Carolina are as follows: treat with insecticides when three or more large larvae are found per 100 plants or when …
Procuring And Tracing Produce From Small- And Medium- Scale Farmers For Use In Institutional Foodservice Operations In Nc, Sc And Ga, Anita Nunnelley
Procuring And Tracing Produce From Small- And Medium- Scale Farmers For Use In Institutional Foodservice Operations In Nc, Sc And Ga, Anita Nunnelley
All Theses
In response to concerns about an increasingly globalized food system in the United States, and increasing interest in the connections between small- and medium-scale (SMS) farms and institutional foodservice operations (IFO), the U.S. has recently developed legislation to link farmers to institutional markets (Joshi, Azuma, & Feenstra, 2008; Poulton, Dorward, & Kydd, 2010; USDA, 2010; Wootan, 2012). The purpose of this study is to determine if these connections are viable, sustainable and ultimately if the food is safe for consumption in the IFO. There are significant logistical, contractual and food safety concerns when sourcing food for IFOs from SMS farms. …
The Effects Of Drought On The Abundance Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, In The Ace Basin Nerr In South Carolina, Kirk Parmenter
The Effects Of Drought On The Abundance Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, In The Ace Basin Nerr In South Carolina, Kirk Parmenter
All Dissertations
Blue crabs make up one of the most important commercial fisheries in the U.S. but there has been some concern over the health of blue crab populations due to large declines in landings seen in recent years. There is a significant positive correlation between river discharge and commercial landings suggesting that drought may be to blame for the recent decline in crab numbers. The work I completed for my dissertation tested multiple hypotheses examining the link between decreasing freshwater discharge, the subsequent rise in salinity, and the abundance of blue crabs in the ACE Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve.
To …
Fluid Uptake By The Lepidopteran Proboscis In Relation To Structure, Karena Kwauk
Fluid Uptake By The Lepidopteran Proboscis In Relation To Structure, Karena Kwauk
All Theses
Three species of butterflies--eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus L.), monarch (Danaus plexippus L.), and painted lady (Vanessa cardui L.)--were used to investigate the effect that exposing multiple regions of the proboscis to fluid has on feeding rate. Although the lepidopteran proboscis historically has been considered a sealed tube with a specialized region near the tip for fluid uptake, droplets of 1% sucrose solution were shown to enter multiple locations along the proboscis. Feeding experiments were conducted comparing fluid uptake rates of butterflies with their proboscises either fully or partially submerged in 1% or 15% sucrose solutions. Only one significant relationship …
Lignin Modification In Arabidopsis And Populus For Studies Of Gene Function And Improving Lignin Degradation, Yi Xu
All Dissertations
Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in plants and plays an important role in plant structure and stress defense. Lignin is also considered to be a hallmark of vascular plants because of its crucial role in plant terrestrialization. However, lignin is an undesired component in the pulp and paper industry, bioethanol production, and forage digestibility. Thus, understanding the functions and the evolution of lignin biosynthesis genes can not only advance our knowledge of the evolution of land-adaptation for vascular plants but also help guide the effort to exploit the potential for genetic manipulation of lignin for desirable traits …
Assessment Of Viability Of Probiotic Bacteria In Non Dairy Food Matrices Under Refrigeration Storage, Muthu Dharmasena
Assessment Of Viability Of Probiotic Bacteria In Non Dairy Food Matrices Under Refrigeration Storage, Muthu Dharmasena
All Theses
Functional foods serve nutrients and physiologically active components for a healthy living. In most countries, the products related to having a healthy gut dominate the functional foods market. These products are prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. Concerning the health benefits, various probiotics are introduced to food matrices. Though dairy is the ideal food matrix for probiotics, the trend of non-dairy probiotics is growing among consumers.
This study included two research objectives: surveying the commercial probiotic containing products for probiotic level and developing a practical home-made probiotic fermentation process. The first part of this study was mainly based on assessing viability of …
The Influence Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Surface Chemistry On The Toxicity Of Silver Nanoparticles In Daphnia Magna, Kim Newton
All Theses
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are by far the most extensively used nanomaterial in general consumer products. Concurrent with this use is the major concern regarding the toxicity of AgNPs to aquatic organisms. The most persistent question regarding the toxicity of AgNPs is whether this toxicity is due to the nanoparticles (NPs) themselves or the ions they release. Two primary factors influencing the aquatic toxicity of AgNPs are the surface coating, which presumably controls the release of Ag+, and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the media, which serves as a source for ligands to bind the Ag+ and reduce bioavailability to …
The Crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) Subgenus Hiaticambarus: Undescribed Diversity And Life History Characteristics Of Selected Members, Danny Jones
All Dissertations
A taxonomic study of the crayfish species Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) longirostris was conducted. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses of morphometric data and examination of morphological characters revealed the existence of four undescribed species from populations previously considered to belong to C. longirostris; these were located on the southern extents of the range of C. longirostris. Three of these new species were morphologically similar to the group of species containing C. coosawattae, C. chasmodactylus, C. elkensis, C. longirostris, C. longulus, and C. manningi, while one was morphologically similar to the C. fasciatus, C. …
Ecology And Phylogeny Of The Biting-Midge Genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Dustin Swanson
Ecology And Phylogeny Of The Biting-Midge Genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Dustin Swanson
All Dissertations
Flies of the genus Culicoides are small, biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae. These flies are of medical, veterinary, and economic importance because their blood-feeding behavior can cause stress to hosts and transmit disease agents. Despite the importance of these flies, little is known about their biology, especially the ecology of the immature stages and the phylogenetic relationships among taxa. The objectives of my study were to address these two areas of Culicoides biology.
Larval Culicoides were collected from aquatic habitats in four ecoregions of South Carolina, USA. Eleven ecological variables were recorded for each sample. Larvae were identified by …
Effect Of Temperature On Sensing Intensity Of Basic Tastes: Sweet, Salty And Sour, Keri Lipscomb
Effect Of Temperature On Sensing Intensity Of Basic Tastes: Sweet, Salty And Sour, Keri Lipscomb
All Theses
Twenty semi-trained subjects determined the effect of temperature on basic tastes sweet, salty and sour. The sensory evaluations were performed on each basic taste and on various combinations of the three tastes at serving temperatures 3, 23 and 60¡C. A single intensity level was used for all sensory evaluations and 3 replications of each panel were performed. Results from the panels provided some evidence of temperature affect, both when evaluated singularly and in combination.
The perceived intensity of some sweet and sour samples was affected by a change in temperature. Sensing intensity of the salty samples was not significantly affected …
Cytogenetic Biodiversity In The Simulium Johannseni Group (Diptera: Simuliidae), Katherine Gleason
Cytogenetic Biodiversity In The Simulium Johannseni Group (Diptera: Simuliidae), Katherine Gleason
All Theses
Cryptic biodiversity, the presence of suborganismal variation in isomorphic populations of organisms, can have implications for management and conservation. Ecological variation in habitat and host species of populations of the black fly Simulium johannseni suggested the potential for cryptic biodiversity. Polytene chromosomes of larvae belonging to the S. johannseni group of black flies were characterized to discover fixed and polymorphic rearrangements. Larvae of S. johannseni from Wisconsin, South Carolina, and Alabama and of the closely related S. parmatum from South Carolina and Florida were analyzed. Simulium johannseni can be divided into two cytoforms corresponding to geographic location. Cytoform A, found …
The Role Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase In The Survival Of Trypanosoma Brucei During Infection, Ciara Mcknight
The Role Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase In The Survival Of Trypanosoma Brucei During Infection, Ciara Mcknight
All Theses
This master's thesis focuses on how disruption of fatty acid metabolism affects both host adaptation and immune evasion in the deadly eukaryotic parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. In Chapter 1, I review the current literature on African trypanosomiasis, fatty acid synthesis, immune evasion, and lipid metabolism. In Chapter 2, I investigate how disruption of the fatty acid synthesis pathway affects the parasite's ability to evade the host immune defenses. When T. brucei acetyl-CoA carboxylase (TbACC) is knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi), fluid phase and receptor mediated endocytosis pathways are greatly affected, suggesting that fatty acid synthesis is necessary for both endocytic …
Chromosomal Patterns In Populations Of The Black Fly Simulium Fibrinflatum Twinn (Diptera: Simuliidae), Kyle Parks
Chromosomal Patterns In Populations Of The Black Fly Simulium Fibrinflatum Twinn (Diptera: Simuliidae), Kyle Parks
All Theses
Cryptic species are an important component of biodiversity, although most cryptic species have yet to be discovered. Cytogenetic studies of polytene chromosomes offer a unique level of resolution for detecting cryptic species in the family Simuliidae. Simulium fibrinflatum is a black fly morphospecies that is suspected to contain cryptic species because of its broad geographic range and variable pupal gill structure. Populations of Simulium fibrinflatum from the Saugahatchee River, AL; Anthony Shoals, GA; LaHave River, Nova Scotia; Westfield River, MA; Chauga River, SC; and Enoree River, SC, were sampled and cytogenetically analyzed to test for the presence of cryptic species. …
Functional Characterization Of A Jacalin-Like Lectin Domain-Containing Protein In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Shane Reighard
Functional Characterization Of A Jacalin-Like Lectin Domain-Containing Protein In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Shane Reighard
All Theses
Jacalin-related lectins (JRLs) are proteins that bind carbohydrates. Functionally, JRLs are thought to be involved in a diverse array of functions including biotic stress defense, intracellular storage, abiotic stress response, and plant development. Recent Arabidopsis thaliana microarray data indicate that a Jacalin-like domain-containing protein (JLL1) exhibits highly root specific expression. Previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies indicate that JLL1 may have a dual role in planta as a biotic stress defense protein and in plant development. In order to better understand the physiological function of JLL1 in Arabidopsis, several different analyses were conducted examining its regulatory sequences, spatial expression, responsiveness to …
Developing Value-Added Peptide Antioxidants From Rendering Products, Xiaoting Xing
Developing Value-Added Peptide Antioxidants From Rendering Products, Xiaoting Xing
All Theses
Synthetic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Vitamin E and ethoxyquin, have been commonly added to formulated animal feeds in order to delay discoloration and deterioration due to oxidation. However, these synthetic antioxidants have been limited in their applications as food additives because of potential health hazards. Specifically, synthetic antioxidants have been considered to be linked to various forms of cancer, most commonly kidney, liver and bladder cancer. In this work, value-added peptide antioxidants from rendering products were developed for use in potential aquaculture and pet food markets as natural antioxidant substitutes for synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant …
Efficacy Of Precision-Applied In-Furrow Insecticide/Nematicide And Seed Treatments On Populations Of Thrips And Nematodes In Cotton, Ginger Devinney
Efficacy Of Precision-Applied In-Furrow Insecticide/Nematicide And Seed Treatments On Populations Of Thrips And Nematodes In Cotton, Ginger Devinney
All Theses
Thrips and nematodes can be serious early-season pests of cotton grown on the highly variable soil types common in the southeastern United States. I examined the effects of precision-applied aldicarb (Temik¨ 15G) and seed treatments (Aeris¨ and Avicta Complete Pak¨) on population dynamics of thrips and nematodes in management zones defined by soil texture as measured by soil electrical conductivity (EC). Research plots were established in cotton fields with variable soil types at the Clemson University Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville, SC, during May of 2010 and 2011. Research plots were arranged in a three-way factorial design, with …
Arsenic Affects Muscle Development And Structure In Fundulus Heteroclitus, Angela D'Amico
Arsenic Affects Muscle Development And Structure In Fundulus Heteroclitus, Angela D'Amico
All Theses
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that can enter rivers and ground water. Epidemiological studies have correlated arsenic exposure with adverse developmental outcomes such as low birth weight, delays in the use of musculature, and altered locomotor activity. Previously in our lab, embryonically exposed killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were found to have changes in muscle development. Microarray analysis showed several genes involved in muscle development and formation altered and histological analysis showed an increase in small muscle fiber size. In this study, killifish were used to help understand if changes in muscle formation and fiber density after embryonic exposure persist, are …
Fuel Dynamics In Southern Pine Beetle-Killed Stands And Their Implication To Fire Behavior, Jennifer Evans
Fuel Dynamics In Southern Pine Beetle-Killed Stands And Their Implication To Fire Behavior, Jennifer Evans
All Theses
The increase in both southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm) outbreak and wildfire occurrence in recent decades has resulted in a growing concern regarding possible interactions. Few studies have quantified fuel characteristics of SPB-killed stands, and none has studied the dynamics of this fuel complex over time. Moreover, how changes in these fuels affect fire behavior remains unknown. To address this lack of empirical data, field measurements and modeling were combined to study fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior within control and post-outbreak loblolly pine-dominated forest stands across a chronosequence ranging from 0 to 8 years since outbreak. Fuels …
Factors Affecting The Production Of Concentrated Blue Cheese Flavorings, Jason Raines
Factors Affecting The Production Of Concentrated Blue Cheese Flavorings, Jason Raines
All Theses
The effects of media type and culture selection on the aroma profile of Blue cheese flavorings produced using submerged culture fermentation were studied. Fermentations were carried out for 16 hours then compared using sensory analysis and GC/MS SPME. The differences between samples were minimal. Samples produced with adjunct media were found to have higher concentrations of methyl ketones and more &ldquo'creamy'&rdquo aroma character than samples produced from standard media. Higher levels of free fatty acids were found in standard media samples. Adjunct cultures appear to enhance the &ldquo'creamy'&rdquo character of Blue cheese flavorings.
Near-critical and supercritical carbon dioxide were used …
Trapping And Control Of The Small Hive Beetle, Aethina Tumida, An Invasive Parasite Of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera, Shannon Peterson
Trapping And Control Of The Small Hive Beetle, Aethina Tumida, An Invasive Parasite Of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera, Shannon Peterson
All Theses
The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is one of the most recent honey bee pests of economic importance, especially in the southeastern United States. Various in-hive traps have been developed to attempt to control the populations of this invasive pest within honey bee colonies. The first year of my research focused on comparing the effectiveness of three commercially available traps for removing small hive beetles. Thirty-two colonies were established with 0.9-kg package bees with a queen in four apiaries. Eight colonies were placed in each apiary, each colony randomly receiving one of four treatments: the three-chambered Hood …
The Response Of Bermudagrasses [Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. Transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] And Creeping Bentgrass [Agrostis Stoloniferi (L.)] To A Commercial Humectant And Wetting Agents During Summer, Robin Landry
All Theses
Four field studies, one laboratory and one greenhouse study were conducted from April 2011 through August 2011 at Clemson University in Clemson, SC on `L-93'creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), `Tifeagle' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy), and a combination of `Tifway' (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) and common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.)
The objectives of this research were: (i) evaluate bentgrass response to two irrigation regimes, light and frequent irrigation (replacing daily ET), verses deep and infrequent irrigation (watering at the sign of wilt); (ii) evaluate the combination of a humectant and a soil …
Drought Induced Morphological And Compositional Changes In Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera Var. L. Palustris) Cuticle As It Influences Foliar Nitrogen Absorption, Frank Bethea Jr
All Theses
Creeping bentgrass is the most popular turfgrass species on golf course putting greens throughout the world due to its fine texture, recuperative ability and dense growth habit. Drought stress is an environmental induced condition that is common to turfgrasses. Foliar fertilization is a common maintenance practice that is conducted and utilized on golf course putting greens due to the reduced total input, quick response and reduced environmental impact. The cuticle of creeping bentgrass creates a hydrophobic barrier that foliar applied fertilizers need to penetrate to be used by the plant. The cuticle morphology and composition is subject to change due …