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Genetic Variation In Perennial Ryegrass For Volatile Fatty Acid Production In Rumen Fluid, H.J P. Marvin, E N. Van Loo, O Dolstra, C.H A. Snijders, D Reheul, J W. Cone
Genetic Variation In Perennial Ryegrass For Volatile Fatty Acid Production In Rumen Fluid, H.J P. Marvin, E N. Van Loo, O Dolstra, C.H A. Snijders, D Reheul, J W. Cone
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In perennial ryegrass genetic variation was shown not only for in vitro organic matter degradation (OMD) in rumen fluid and neutral detergent fibre content (NDF) but also for production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) upon in vitro incubation in rumen fluid. The correlations among concentrations of VFAs in the incubation fluid were high. OMD and NDF, on the other hand, were poorly correlated to the VFA concentrations.
The Effect Of Cow-Diet On The Fermentation Of Forages, J. L. Burke, G. C. Waghorn, S. L. Woodward, I. M. Brookes
The Effect Of Cow-Diet On The Fermentation Of Forages, J. L. Burke, G. C. Waghorn, S. L. Woodward, I. M. Brookes
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In vitro fermentation of fresh forages minced to resemble chewed material have enabled net proteolysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production to be measured using rumen inocula from a cow fed lucerne hay (Burke et al., 2000). However both cow and diet affect the rumen cellulolytic bacterial populations (Weimer et al., 1999) and are able to influence in vitro digestion kinetics (Mertens et al., 1998). The objective of this study was to measure cow-diet effects on in vitro digestion and fermentation of perennial ryegrass (P; Lolium perenne), sulla (S; Hedysarum coronarium), maize (M; Zea maize …
Effect Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On The Fatty Acid Composition In Milk Of Stall-Fed Cows, Anjo Elgersma, H. J. Smit, G. Ellen, S. Tamminga
Effect Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On The Fatty Acid Composition In Milk Of Stall-Fed Cows, Anjo Elgersma, H. J. Smit, G. Ellen, S. Tamminga
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Herbage provides bulk feed for ruminants and plant lipids, especially C18:3, are a major source of benefical fatty acids (FA) in milk. There are very few direct comparisons allowing a precise evaluation of the effects of the basal forage diet on milk FA composition. Grass quality differences can affect rumen metabolism and there could be opportunities to change the composition of ruminant products through choice of grass cultivar. To test this hypothesis, six cultivars were fed to dairy cows in a stall-feeding trial with fresh grass to evaluate the effect of grass cultivar on rumen VFA and milk FA composition …
Effect Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On The Fatty Acid Composition In Milk Of Stall-Fed Cows, A. Elgersma, H. J. Smit, G. Ellen, S. Tamminga
Effect Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On The Fatty Acid Composition In Milk Of Stall-Fed Cows, A. Elgersma, H. J. Smit, G. Ellen, S. Tamminga
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Herbage provides bulk feed for ruminants and plant lipids, especially C18:3, are a major source of benefical fatty acids (FA) in milk. There are very few direct comparisons allowing a precise evaluation of the effects of the basal forage diet on milk FA composition. Grass quality differences can affect rumen metabolism and there could be opportunities to change the composition of ruminant products through choice of grass cultivar. To test this hypothesis, six cultivars were fed to dairy cows in a stall-feeding trial with fresh grass to evaluate the effect of grass cultivar on rumen VFA and milk FA composition …
Physically Adjusted Neutral Detergent Fiber System: Effects Of Dextrose And Non-Forage Fiber On Performance, Feeding Behavior, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation And Rumen Bacterial Abundance In Dairy Cattle, Jorge Luis Bonilla Urbina
Physically Adjusted Neutral Detergent Fiber System: Effects Of Dextrose And Non-Forage Fiber On Performance, Feeding Behavior, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation And Rumen Bacterial Abundance In Dairy Cattle, Jorge Luis Bonilla Urbina
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The newly proposed physically adjusted NDF system (paNDF) system aims to maintain a favorable rumen environment (e.g., pH) by taking into account both the physical and chemical composition of diet. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and non-forage NDF inclusion in a paNDF system on production performance, rumen pH and fermentation profile, rumen bacterial abundance, feeding behavior and nutrient digestibility in late-lactating Holstein cows. Nine fistulated multiparous Holstein cows (2nd and 3rd parity) were used in a triplicated 3×3 Latin Square experiment. Each period lasted for 21 d with 14 d …
Evaluation Of Various Barley Processing Methods On Rumen Microbial Population,Histomorphometry, And Fermentation Characteristics In Fattening Lambs, Mohammad Hosseini Zangneh, Masihollah Forouzmand, Mokhtar Khajavi, Shima Hosseinifar, Reza Naghiha
Evaluation Of Various Barley Processing Methods On Rumen Microbial Population,Histomorphometry, And Fermentation Characteristics In Fattening Lambs, Mohammad Hosseini Zangneh, Masihollah Forouzmand, Mokhtar Khajavi, Shima Hosseinifar, Reza Naghiha
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Barley deserves a top place in the farm for feeding livestock. It is irreplaceable by any other grain in sheep diets for producing capacious rumen microbial yields. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different methods of barley processing on a number of microbes, fermentation parameters, and the rumen tissue characteristics of fattening lambs. For this purpose, 20 fattening male lambs with a mean weight of 25 ± 1.1 kg were tested for 80 days based on a completely randomized design with four treatments (GRB: ground barley, SRB: steam-rolled barley, GEB: germinated barley, SOB: soaked barley) and …
Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Nitrogen Sources On In Vitro Degradability Of Citrus Byproduct And Milk Thistle, Asma Aggoun, Mohamed Laid Haddi, Si-Yong Yang, Jong-Su Eun, Andrea Squartini
Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Nitrogen Sources On In Vitro Degradability Of Citrus Byproduct And Milk Thistle, Asma Aggoun, Mohamed Laid Haddi, Si-Yong Yang, Jong-Su Eun, Andrea Squartini
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In order to evaluate rumen microbial activity, the effects of two nitrogen sources (organic and inorganic) were analyzed in vitro by inoculating dairy cow rumen fluid and using citrus byproduct (CBP) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum, MT) as energy source substrates. The experimental design was 2 × 3 where we used three different nitrogen sources (N1: no nitrogen added, N: ammonium bicarbonate, N3: sodium glutamate) with a basic concentration of nitrogen (100 mg/1 L). Culture pH, dry matter degradability %, ammonia-N (NH$_{3}$-N), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), individual volatile fatty acid proportions, and acetate propionate ratio (A:P) were measured after …
The Relationship Between Microbiota, Diet, And Energy Production In The Alpaca, Courtney Carroll
The Relationship Between Microbiota, Diet, And Energy Production In The Alpaca, Courtney Carroll
Theses and Dissertations
The alpaca is a small South American camelid (SAC) that is an important production animal in Peru, especially among the highly impoverished communities of the high Andes, and raised for its fiber and meat. Alpacas are highly reliant on the microbes within their digestive tracts to digest the plant material they consume; volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are released as a byproduct of this microbial fermentation and used as a major source of energy by the alpaca. To explore optimal parameters for alpaca microbiome analysis, performed 16S rRNA gene surveys on alpaca C1 and fecal samples that had been extracted using …
The Contribution Of Syntrophic Fatty-Acid Degrading Microbial Communities To Anaerobic Digester Function And Stability, Prince Peter Mathai
The Contribution Of Syntrophic Fatty-Acid Degrading Microbial Communities To Anaerobic Digester Function And Stability, Prince Peter Mathai
Dissertations (1934 -)
Anaerobic digestion (AD), the conversion of complex organic matter to methane, occurs through a series of reactions mediated by different guilds of microorganisms. AD process imbalances, such as organic overload or high organic loading rates (OLR), can result in the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) e.g., propionate, which must be degraded to maintain stable reactor function. VFAs are metabolized by syntrophic fatty-acid degrading bacteria (SFAB) in association with methanogenic archaea (collectively, syntrophic microbial communities, SMC). Despite their indispensable role in AD, little is known about the ecology of SFAB, especially under stressed conditions. To facilitate ecological studies, four quantitative …
Effects Of Supplemental Fructo-Oligosaccharide And Mannan-Oligosaccharide On Nutrient Digestibilities, Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations, And Immune Function In Horses, Emel Gürbüz, Fatma İnal, Saki̇ne Ülküm Ata, Özcan Bariş Çi̇ti̇l, Kürşat Kav, Fati̇h Küçükkaya
Effects Of Supplemental Fructo-Oligosaccharide And Mannan-Oligosaccharide On Nutrient Digestibilities, Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations, And Immune Function In Horses, Emel Gürbüz, Fatma İnal, Saki̇ne Ülküm Ata, Özcan Bariş Çi̇ti̇l, Kürşat Kav, Fati̇h Küçükkaya
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This research was performed to study the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on nutrient digestibilities, fecal pH and volatile fatty acids compositions, and immune function in adult horses. Four adult Thoroughbred horses were used in a 4×4 Latin Square design with 20-day treatment periods. A 12-day adaptation phase was followed by 6-day collection of feces and 2-day blood sampling phases. Four different treatments were administered: 1) Control (no supplemental FOS or MOS; 2) 30 g of FOS/d; 3) 30 g of MOS/d; 4) 15 g of FOS+15 g of MOS/d. There were no differences among treatments in the …
Generation And Calibration Of Standard Gas Mixtures For Volatile Fatty Acids Using Permeation Tubes And Solid Phase Microextraction, Jacek A. Koziel, Jarett P. Spinhirne
Generation And Calibration Of Standard Gas Mixtures For Volatile Fatty Acids Using Permeation Tubes And Solid Phase Microextraction, Jacek A. Koziel, Jarett P. Spinhirne
Jacek A. Koziel
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are major components of odors associated with agricultural operations and livestock housing, solid waste processing and disposal, and industrial and municipal wastewater collection and treatment systems. Emissions estimation and assessment of odor control methods depend on reliable air sampling and analysis methods for VFAs. The objective of this research was to develop and test a method for continuous and reliable generation of standard gas mixtures for VFAs based on permeation tubes. Standard gas mixtures for acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids were generated with permeation tubes and monitored for a 100-day period. The …
Characterizing Volatile Fatty Acids And Other Gases In A Rumen Closed In Vitro Fermentation System Using Solid Phase Microextraction, Jarett P. Spinhirne, Jacek A. Koziel, Norbert K. Chirase
Characterizing Volatile Fatty Acids And Other Gases In A Rumen Closed In Vitro Fermentation System Using Solid Phase Microextraction, Jarett P. Spinhirne, Jacek A. Koziel, Norbert K. Chirase
Jacek A. Koziel
A new method for rapid sampling and qualitative characterization of the headspace gases of closed in vitro cultures using solid phase microextraction (SPME) was evaluated for ruminal fluid and ruminal fluid with feed containing a feed additive. Gas sample collection was achieved by exposing a DVB/Carboxen/PDMS 50/30 .m SPME fiber to the headspace of cultures for 1 min every hour. This was followed by immediate analysis on a GC–MS and then reuse of the SPME fiber. Acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids and toluene, dimethyl disulfide, and pentadecane were identified in the headspace. SPME technology facilitated rapid …
Generation And Calibration Of Standard Gas Mixtures For Volatile Fatty Acids Using Permeation Tubes And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Jacek A. Koziel, Jarett P. Spinhirne
Generation And Calibration Of Standard Gas Mixtures For Volatile Fatty Acids Using Permeation Tubes And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Jacek A. Koziel, Jarett P. Spinhirne
Jacek A. Koziel
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are major components of odors associated with agricultural operations and livestock housing, solid waste processing and disposal, industrial and municipal wastewater collection, and treatment systems. Emission estimation and assessment of odor control methods depend on reliable air sampling and analysis methods for VFAs. The objective of this research was to develop and test a method for continuous and reliable generation of standard gas mixtures for VFAs based on permeation tubes. Standard gas mixtures for acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids were generated with permeation tubes and monitored for a 100-day period. The gravimetric …
Effects Of Free Methionine And Lysine On In Vitro Fermentation And In Vivo Performance And Ruminal Fermentation Of Late Lactation Holstein Cows, Yi-Hua Chung
LSU Master's Theses
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of free Met and Lys supplementation on ruminal fermentation in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, supplementation of Met and Lys had effects on concentrations of total VFA and NH4+, proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and the ratio of acetate to propionate. Percentages of microbial N synthesis in effluent pellets were not affected by supplementing Lys and Met. The combination of 0.52% Met and 1.03% (90% DM) Lys resulted in the highest concentration of total VFA, second highest concentration of NH4+, …
The Effect Of Different Rations On Some Rumen Fluid And Blood Parameters In Sheep, Taylan Aksu, Suphi̇ Deni̇z
The Effect Of Different Rations On Some Rumen Fluid And Blood Parameters In Sheep, Taylan Aksu, Suphi̇ Deni̇z
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different combinations of energy (barley and dried molassed sugar beet pulp (DMSBP)) and protein sources (soybean meal (SBM), cotton-seed meal (CSM), SBM-treated with formaldehyde (FTSBM), CSM-treated with formaldehyde (FTCSM), and urea) on some rumen fluid and blood parameters. In this study, four rumen fistulated Morkaraman rams were used. Rumen pH values were around the optimal pH values suggested for rumen fluid (5.2-7.3) at all sampling times. Ruminal NH_3-N concentrations were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in animals fed DMSBP as an energy source compared with animals fed barley as an energy source and were between 10.4 and 32.75 mg/100 ml in all groups. Formaldehyde treatments of protein sources reduced ruminal NH_3-N concentrations in animals fed DSBP as an energy source (P < 0.05). Acetic and propionic acid concentrations were affected by the energy source, although butyric acid concentrations were significantly higher in animals fed groups containing barley than in animals fed groups containing DMSBP. Formaldehyde treatment did not affect propionic acid concentrations, although propionic acid concentrations were generally significantly higher (P < 0.05) in animals fed barley + SBM combinations compared to treatments containing both SBM and CSM combinations (P < 0.05). Serum total protein concentrations were affected by the energy source and these were higher in groups containing DMSBP than in groups containing barley (P < 0.05). However, serum urea-N concentrations were similar among the different diets.
Screening For Volatile Fatty Acids In Agricultural Air Using Solid Phase Microextraction And Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, Jarett P. Spinhirne, Jacek A. Koziel, David B. Parker, Darren L. Williams, N. Andy Cole, John M. Sweeten
Screening For Volatile Fatty Acids In Agricultural Air Using Solid Phase Microextraction And Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, Jarett P. Spinhirne, Jacek A. Koziel, David B. Parker, Darren L. Williams, N. Andy Cole, John M. Sweeten
Jacek A. Koziel
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a major component of odorous gases associated with agricultural sources. Because of typically low VFA air concentrations, conventional air sampling methods including sorbent tubes and vacuum canisters are often not sensitive enough to detect them. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used in this research because it is very sensitive, reusable, fast, and combines sampling and sample preparation, allowing for rapid detection of low concentrations of organics in air. This research focused on 7 VFAs: acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids. Field experiments were conducted to test this method for air sampling of …
Alternate Day Supplementation Of High Escape Compared To Low Escape Protein Fed With Corn Stalks, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
Alternate Day Supplementation Of High Escape Compared To Low Escape Protein Fed With Corn Stalks, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1989
A study was conducted using four ruminally fistulated wethers to compare ruminal fermentation characteristics of corn gluten meal (high escape) and soybean meal (low escape) supplements to corn stalks. Supplements were fed at 24 or 48-hour intervals. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (RNH3-N) concentrations were affected (P<.05) by treatment and treatment by hour interactions occurred. Soybean meal fed at 48- hour intervals (SBM48) resulted in the highest mean and peak RNH3-N concentrations, as expected due to the quantity of rumen degradable protein fed. Soybean meal fed at 24-hour intervals (SBM24) caused higher (P<.05) RNH3-N concentration than corn gluten meal fed at 24-hour intervals (CGM24) but not CGM48. Total VFA concentrations averaged over time were not affected (P> .I0) by type of protein supplement. Treatment by hour interactions were observed (Pc.05) for total VFA, because SBM24 resulted in higher VFA concentrations at several points in the 48-hour sampling period. The ratios of acetate:propionate: butyrate were similar, 74:18:7, 74:18:7, 74:18:8 and 74:18:8 for SBM24, SBM48, CGM24 and CGM48, respectively. Ruminal fluid pH values were …