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Articles 1 - 30 of 1141
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Effects Of Roadways On Seasonal Movement Strategies And Mate Location Success In An Imperiled Pit Viper (Crotalus Horridus), Elizabeth J. Noble
Effects Of Roadways On Seasonal Movement Strategies And Mate Location Success In An Imperiled Pit Viper (Crotalus Horridus), Elizabeth J. Noble
Graduate Research Showcase
A detailed understanding of animal movement behavior is fundamental to effective conservation and management. Within populations, a diversity of movement strategies can be displayed in search of critical resources, and these strategies are influenced by multiple interacting factors related to individuals and the environment. Mating partners are one critical resource that often serves as a prominent selective force shaping movement during mating seasons. For many large-bodied snakes, such as pit vipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae), male mate- searching movements are the primary determinant of mate location success. During this time, males incur significant risks associated with elevated movement. In an increasingly human- …
The Ecology Of Grazing Management, R K. Heitschmidt
The Ecology Of Grazing Management, R K. Heitschmidt
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The broad objective of this paper is to review the fundamental principles of grazing management as a means of assessing the inherent value of intensive and extensive grazing systems. Conceptual analyses of intensive and extensive grazing systems reveal that the fundamental differences between intensive and extensive grazing systems are related to differences in non-grazing rather than grazing tactics. Intensive grazing systems employ a wide array of non-grazing tactics in an attempt to overcome the inherent ecological constraints that limit secondary (i.e., livestock) productivity in extensively grazed systems. Moreover, analyses of the ecological or true efficiency of various agricultural production systems …
An Ecological Approach To Forage Management, J L. Brock, R.J M. Hay
An Ecological Approach To Forage Management, J L. Brock, R.J M. Hay
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The principles of defoliation management for maximum production of quality herbage are well researched, namely the manipulation of frequency and severity of defoliation, but their impact on the various levels of ecological organisation in pastures is nol fully understood or their interpretation appreciated. Using grazed ryegrass-white clover pasture as; example, detailed sward studies have suggested the following model. Defoliation frequency and severity interact lo produce varying levels of physiological stress and morphological adaptation which affecl the survival rate and size of individual growth units, the lowest level of organisation. Increasing frequency of defoliation reduces organ size but increases survival rate …
Chinese Tallow Long-Term Impact On Stand Dynamics In A Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Vegetation Management, Nicklaus R. Langlois
Chinese Tallow Long-Term Impact On Stand Dynamics In A Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Vegetation Management, Nicklaus R. Langlois
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an invasive tree known to have negative impacts on bottomland hardwood forests. Chinese tallow is proficient in reproducing and surviving in bottomland hardwood forests because it is more flood and shade tolerant than most native trees. The long-term effectiveness of Chinese tallow control is an important topic to research as only a few long-term studies of Chinese tallow control have been conducted. A 10-year re-measurement of 22 paired plots installed in 2012 on the Pineywoods Mitigation Bank near Diboll, Texas following herbicide treatments examined Chinese tallow and native tree stand structure. Each …
Native Grasses: Their Distribution And Management In South-Eastern Australia, P M. Dowling, D L. Garden, P C. Simpson, D Eddy, D R. Kemp
Native Grasses: Their Distribution And Management In South-Eastern Australia, P M. Dowling, D L. Garden, P C. Simpson, D Eddy, D R. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The economic survival of landholders depends on improving net returns. On the Tablelands of New South Wales, where substantial tracts of the original native perennial grasses still remain, an opportunity to do this exists by making belier use of these pastures. Over 150 years of grazing by sheep and cattle is considered to have resulted in the evolution of more grazing tolerant and nutrientresponsive grasses. This paper reports on the approach taken in developing a native grass strategy for tableland country, A survey sought to delineate the distribution of the native grass species under grazed conditions, while the feasibility of …
Climatic Variation In The Monsoonal Subtropics Of China And Its Effect On Grassland Farming, Jizhou Ren, Xianglin Li, P.N P. Matthews
Climatic Variation In The Monsoonal Subtropics Of China And Its Effect On Grassland Farming, Jizhou Ren, Xianglin Li, P.N P. Matthews
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The subtropical regions of China, making up 28% of the total area of the country, are characterised by 3 types of ecological environment as a result of effects of the monsoon climate: Indian Ocean monsoondominated (dry winter-spring), Pacific Ocean monsoon-dominated (hot, dry summer), and highland transitional (moderate) types. Bach of these has specific patterns of humidity (referred to as K value) and pasture growth. The main constraints to and opportunities for grasshind farming in China's subtropics are highlighted.
An Agro-Ecological Approach To Breeding Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneaum L.), P.G H. Nichols
An Agro-Ecological Approach To Breeding Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneaum L.), P.G H. Nichols
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
An ecologically based breeding method has recently been adopted by the National Subterranean Clover Improvement Programme in Australia. It differs from the traditional pedigree method by allowing F2-derived lines lo continue segregating in the F4 to F6 generations in target environments under regenerating, grazed sward conditions. Advantages of the new method include: (i) assessment of field performance in the early generations; (ii) Inclusion of regeneration processes in selection procedures; (iii) allowing effects of natural selection to act on segregating lines; and (iv) allowing regional testing centres lo become involved in early generation selection. Disadvantages include possible distortion in the direction …
Distribution And Abundance Of Plant Species In Pastures And Rangelands, John G. Mcivor
Distribution And Abundance Of Plant Species In Pastures And Rangelands, John G. Mcivor
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The competition-stress-disturbance (CSD) model of Grime (Plant strategies and vegetation processes, New York, John Wiley 1979) is used as the basis for discussing the forces that influence the distribution and abundan.ce. of plant species. Characteristics of plant strategies (competitive, ruderal and stress-tolerator) in both the established and regenerative phases are summarised. Pasture management can be viewed as the manipulation of competition, stress and disturbance. A number of pasture situations ( disturbance-diversity relationships, pasture degradation, weed invasion, management of abandoned farm land, species conservation) are analysed in ecological terms and the consequences for pasture management are outlined. The CSD model can …
Unraveling The Behavioral Ecology Of The Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox) Through The Lenses Of Personality, Predator-Prey Interactions, And Crypsis, Oceane Da Cunha
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
To thrive in an environment, individuals need to be able to forage efficiently and acquire mates. These resources are limited, and their acquisition depends upon the energy and time an individual chooses to allocate to each activity and the environmental conditions, leading to behavioral trade-offs. Different species, or even different individuals within the same population, respond to these trade-offs by employing contrasting strategies, leading to differential life-history outcomes. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the trade-offs cryptic ambush mesopredators are facing using the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) as a model species. Each …
Unraveling Wetland Ecology: The Effect Of Abiotic Heterogeneity And Habitat Size On Wetland Plant Diversity In The Piedmont, Gregory T. Gilmore
Unraveling Wetland Ecology: The Effect Of Abiotic Heterogeneity And Habitat Size On Wetland Plant Diversity In The Piedmont, Gregory T. Gilmore
All Theses
Ecosystems around the world are seeing an unprecedented decline in biodiversity. However, to better prevent this decline we cannot only understand the drivers of biodiversity loss, but also the factors that support diversity. Traditional ecological hypotheses such as the Habitat Heterogeneity Hypothesis (HHH) and the Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) have provided frameworks for understanding biodiversity drivers. However, recent research suggests a more nuanced relationship between heterogeneity, habitat size, and diversity than previously thought. This study looks to bridge existing research gaps by examining the ecologically and conservational important habitat of wetlands. Specifically, the study focuses on the plant diversity …
Antimicrobials Produced By Ants: Chemical Properties And Microbe Specificity, Katy Chon, Clint A. Penick
Antimicrobials Produced By Ants: Chemical Properties And Microbe Specificity, Katy Chon, Clint A. Penick
Master's Theses
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health concern worldwide, and for over a decade, we have been witnessing the growth of difficult to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria that are becoming resistant to antibiotics. This resistance can be mostly related to the misusing and improper use of antibiotics in both humans and animals. To restore this problem, humans have turned to new sources for the production of antibiotics. In this study, we focused on using ants. Social insects, including ants and bees, have faced strong disease pressures during their evolution and have developed a range of methods to fight …
Microplastic Accumulation In The Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria Irrorata), Sarah Keaton, Hannah Lukhard, Eli Windy, Manar Hasan
Microplastic Accumulation In The Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria Irrorata), Sarah Keaton, Hannah Lukhard, Eli Windy, Manar Hasan
DePaul Discoveries
Contamination of oceans by microplastics (mm) currently poses a major threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Recent attention towards this issue has raised questions about the extent to which microplastics have accumulated in the environment, and has led to an increase in studies on the effects of microplastics in various organisms. However, levels of contamination in protected natural areas are still largely unexplored, yet can offer an important empirical perspective on the issue. In addition, little is known about the potential effects of microplastics on behavior in the field. This research was conducted within the protected ACE Basin National …
Western Lives, Ilah Mittelstaedt
Western Lives, Ilah Mittelstaedt
WWU Honors College Senior Projects
A documentation of the ecosystem of Western Washington University. The project focused on four animals: Black Tailed Deer, Eastern Cottontail Rabbits, Raccoons, and Honey Bees. Documentation included photography and recorded observations during field outings on campus. In addition, interviews and surveys were conducted to gauge human perception of their roles in the campus ecosystem. Research was also done to understand the wildlife better. The final product was a gallery show and presentation on the findings of the project. This document serves as a summary of the project.
A Multispecies Hierarchical Model To Integrate Count And Distance-Sampling Data, Neil A. Gilbert, Caroline M. Blommel, Matthew T. Farr, David S. Green, Kay E. Holekamp, Elise F. Zipkin
A Multispecies Hierarchical Model To Integrate Count And Distance-Sampling Data, Neil A. Gilbert, Caroline M. Blommel, Matthew T. Farr, David S. Green, Kay E. Holekamp, Elise F. Zipkin
Institute for Natural Resources Publications
Integrated community models—an emerging framework in which multiple data sources for multiple species are analyzed simultaneously—offer opportunities to expand inferences beyond the single-species and single-data-source approaches common in ecology. We developed a novel integrated community model that combines distance sampling and single-visit count data; within the model, information is shared among data sources (via a joint likelihood) and species (via a random-effects structure) to estimate abundance patterns across a community. Parameters relating to abundance are shared between data sources, and the model can specify either shared or separate observation processes for each data source. Simulations demonstrated that the model provided …
From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel
From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel
Master's Projects and Capstones
Invasive plants cause significant impacts to ecosystems, the economy, and human health. California has experienced significant plant invasions and is well suited to future invasion because of its Mediterranean climate and human disturbance. Eradication or control of invasive plant species requires a detailed understanding of their spatial distribution, which typically involves on the ground surveys that can be expensive or inconsistent. Remote sensing offers a potential alternative or supplement to in-person invasive plant mapping. This study performed a comparative analysis of 41 remote sensing studies that mapped the distribution of California invasive plants. I found that while high spectral resolution …
Tracking Food Quality In Algae-Daphnia Ecosystems Through Stage Structured Models And Colimitation, Tomas Ascoli
Tracking Food Quality In Algae-Daphnia Ecosystems Through Stage Structured Models And Colimitation, Tomas Ascoli
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Impacts Of Hematodinium Infection In A Seasonal Population Model Of The Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab, Gwendolyn R. Sargent, Romuald Lipcius, Leah Shaw, Junping Shi, Jeffrey D. Shields
Impacts Of Hematodinium Infection In A Seasonal Population Model Of The Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab, Gwendolyn R. Sargent, Romuald Lipcius, Leah Shaw, Junping Shi, Jeffrey D. Shields
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Unraveling Gut Microbiota And Mucus Dynamics In Response To Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), Shaikh Obaidullah
Unraveling Gut Microbiota And Mucus Dynamics In Response To Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), Shaikh Obaidullah
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Stage Structured Model For Oyster Restoration With Larval Transport, Sarah Brownstein
Stage Structured Model For Oyster Restoration With Larval Transport, Sarah Brownstein
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Mathematically Modeling Stoichiometric Drivers Of Nitrogen Fixation, Rebecca Everett, Corday Selden, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla, Jabir Thajudeen, James Powell, Edwin Cruz-Rivera, Luca Schenone, Renn Schipper, Megan Berberich, Halvor Halvorson, Robinson Fulweiler, Amy Marcarelli, Thad Scott
Mathematically Modeling Stoichiometric Drivers Of Nitrogen Fixation, Rebecca Everett, Corday Selden, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla, Jabir Thajudeen, James Powell, Edwin Cruz-Rivera, Luca Schenone, Renn Schipper, Megan Berberich, Halvor Halvorson, Robinson Fulweiler, Amy Marcarelli, Thad Scott
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Clustering Using Self Organizing Maps In Biology, Olcay Akman
Clustering Using Self Organizing Maps In Biology, Olcay Akman
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
The Ecology And Genetic Diversity Of Buckleya Distichophylla (Santalaceae), Montana Hill, Conley K. Mcmullen
The Ecology And Genetic Diversity Of Buckleya Distichophylla (Santalaceae), Montana Hill, Conley K. Mcmullen
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla) is a native, rare, shrub found along the Blue Ridge mountains in North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. Research on its ecology and genetic diversity is limited due to its rarity; only one population on Poor Mountain has been studied extensively in the past. To determine if there are ecological differences between populations of B. distichophylla, research on sex distribution, floral visitors, individual length, leaf area, and amount of light that reached each specimen were conducted and then compared between a population located on Dragon’s Tooth Trail and a population on Poor Mountain, both located …
Relationship Between Trunk Cross-Sectional Area Growth And Water Stress In Garry Oaks (Q. Garryana): A Species Of Conservation Concern, John Cochrane
Relationship Between Trunk Cross-Sectional Area Growth And Water Stress In Garry Oaks (Q. Garryana): A Species Of Conservation Concern, John Cochrane
Student Research Symposium
In the Pacific Northwest, Quercus garryana (Garry oak trees) support over 627 native species. Garry oak natural habitat was originally maintained by indigenous practices but has been reduced to 5-10% of its range due to change in land management strategies. To support oak conservation, we need to understand heat and water affect the growth and physiology of this species. In this study, we created a fixed linear model of trunk cross-sectional growth with water stress (Ψ), photosynthetic water-use efficiency (δ13C), and leaf Carbon-Nitrogen ratio. We collected branch samples from the canopies of 47-64 mature Garry oaks in the …
Threads Of Connection: An Offering To Re-Tangle Humanity And Nature With The Patterns Of Our World, Emily Shelton
Threads Of Connection: An Offering To Re-Tangle Humanity And Nature With The Patterns Of Our World, Emily Shelton
Graduate Theses
In our world there are patterns of self-similarity that serve as evidence of the interconnectedness between humankind and the rest of the natural world. They are reflected in our bodies, behaviors, and environments, both natural and manmade, and can be found throughout systems at every scale, micro through macro. These organic, linear motifs branch into smaller iterations that seem to shape our existence on this planet as we gravitate towards experiences that echo these patterns. During everyday acts like shopping in a grocery store or a crowd at a concert, we unconsciously participate in self-similar collective movements as we navigate …
Of Hosts And Habitats: The Ecological And Evolutionary Patterns Of The Amphibian Skin Microbiome, Benjamin Houston Holt
Of Hosts And Habitats: The Ecological And Evolutionary Patterns Of The Amphibian Skin Microbiome, Benjamin Houston Holt
Doctoral Dissertations
The skin microbiome of amphibian hosts can inhibit growth of pathogenic fungi, contribute to anti-predator compounds in newts, and is linked with sex-specific scents in frogs. However, despite growing evidence of symbiont importance to amphibians, how symbionts are acquired and maintained on hosts remains poorly resolved. Microbiomes exist on a dynamic spectrum from casual assemblages to intricate systems, and community members vary in fidelity and association to hosts. The establishment of these communities involves complex interactions between symbionts, host traits, and source communities. I seek to enhance our understanding by assessing the spatial-temporal patterns of the salamander skin microbiome relative …
Tri-Colored Bat Habitat Use And Selection In Northwestern South Carolina, Eduardo Rosales
Tri-Colored Bat Habitat Use And Selection In Northwestern South Carolina, Eduardo Rosales
All Theses
North American bat populations continue to be decimated by many factors, with the largest contributor being white-nose syndrome (WNS). In recent years researchers have noted the importance of fat reserves pre- and post-hibernation (fall and spring) and how they may influence WNS survival and recovery respectively. Tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) are one of the four species most impacted by WNS but have received the least research. Further, thus far all research on tri-colored bat resource selection has been gathered during summer and winter, highlighting the need for habitat selection studies during the fall and spring pre- and post-hibernation …
Designing A Serious Game To Simulate Ecological Processes On A Post-Eruption Mount St. Helens Landscape, Parker Maynard
Designing A Serious Game To Simulate Ecological Processes On A Post-Eruption Mount St. Helens Landscape, Parker Maynard
Masters Theses
Developing strategies to successfully manage landscapes to meet ecological, economic, and social goals is an increasing concern in a world experiencing anthropogenic global changes. The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington state provided a major learning opportunity in managing resource effectively after a major disturbance. This information is explored through Resilience: After The Eruption: a serious game developed as part of this thesis that synthesizes research about ecological recovery and resource management following the eruption of Mount St. Helens. The digital game allows players to take on the role of four different stakeholders performing landscape-based operations while …
Causes And Consequences Of Space-Use Behavior Under Predation Risk In A Free-Living System, Brian J. Smith
Causes And Consequences Of Space-Use Behavior Under Predation Risk In A Free-Living System, Brian J. Smith
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Predators can have important ecological effects through killing and eating their prey, the so-called consumptive effect, but predators can also have a nonconsumptive effect (NCE) on their prey – this happens when the risk of predation itself causes prey to alter their behaviors or other traits and these alterations ultimately reduce prey survival, reproduction, or population size. While scientists understand the consumptive effects of predators well, we are still unsure whether NCEs are important in free-living systems. In this dissertation, I sought to better understand the potential NCEs of predators (wolves and cougars) on elk in northern Yellowstone National Park …
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Ever since the first image of a coral reef was captured in 1885, people worldwide have been accumulating images of coral reefscapes that document the historic conditions of reefs. However, these innumerable reefscape images suffer from perspective distortion, which reduces the apparent size of distant taxa, rendering the images unusable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. Here we solve this century-long distortion problem by developing a novel computer-vision algorithm, ReScape, which removes the perspective distortion from reefscape images by transforming them into top-down views, making them usable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. In doing so, we demonstrate the …
The Descent Of Anolis: Assemblages, Convergence, And Ecomorphological Evolution, Christopher Anderson
The Descent Of Anolis: Assemblages, Convergence, And Ecomorphological Evolution, Christopher Anderson
Biology ETDs
The evolutionary outcomes we observe in modern organisms, particularly associations between phenotypes and environments, have been and remain an invaluable tool in interpreting the biological phenomena that shape our world. In the following chapters, I leverage a comprehensive phylogenetic and morphological dataset for 351 species comprising a diverse group of arboreal lizards, the Anolis clade, to explore how communities and morphologies evolve. First, I characterized patterns among coexisting lineages of Anolis to reveal a general pattern of phylogenetic relatedness among lineages comprising assemblages and identify differences attributable to a biogeographic variable. Then I examined the morphological consequences associated with the …