Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of A Methyl Anthranilate-Based Bird Repellent: Toxicity To Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus And Effect On Great Blue Heron Ardea Herodias Feeding Behavior, Brian S. Dorr, Larry Clark, Igor Mezine

Brian S Dorr

No abstract provided.

Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer

Eric K. Bollinger

This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).

Comparative Kinematics And Hydrodynamics Of Odontocete Cetaceans: Morphological And Ecological Correlates With Swimming Performance, Frank E. Fish

Frank E. Fish

Propulsive morphology and swimming performance were compared for the odontocete cetaceans Delphi,Delphinapterus leucas, Orcinus orca, Pseudorca crassidens and Tursiops truncatus. Morphological differences were apparent among the whales. The general body contour and low-aspect-ratio caudal flukes of D. leucas indicated that this species was a low-performance swimmer compared with the other species. Propulsive motions were video-taped as animals swam steadily in large pools. Video tapes were analyzed digitally using a computerized motion-analysis system. Animals swam at relative velocities ranging from 0.4 to 2.4 body lengths s(-1). The stroke amplitude of the flukes decreased linearly with velocity for D. leucas, but amplitude …

A Kinetic Analysis Of The Conformational Flexibility Of Steroid Hormones, Steven P. Bradbury, Julian Ivanov, Ovanes Mekenyan, Gerritt Schüürmann

Steven P. Bradbury

For a set of 10 androgen steroids and estradiol (E2), the kinetic feasibility of conformation flexibility of the cyclic moieties was studied under the constraint of maintaining the B/C trans and C/D trans ring fusion of the natural and biologically active enantiomer. To this end, the conformational energy surface was quantified using the semiempirical quantum chemical AM1 model. The computational analysis included the location of Conformational transition states with associated barriers, and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations to characterize the trajectories of the rotations and the relationships of the transition states to neighbouring chair and twist conformations. Conformational transformations were …

Association Of Exercise Identity With Measures Of Exercise Commitment, Dean F. Anderson, Charles M. Cychosz, Warren D. Franke

Warren D Franke

Role-identities are integral parts of the concept of self. Sociological traditions suggest that they serve to give meaning and importance to past behavior as well as providing direction for future behavior. This investigation examined the relationship of Exercise Identity with: age of subject, three measures of exercise commitment, and three physiological indicators of fit­ness. Data were collected from 448 of the 531 (84%) law enforcement personnel of a state department of public safety during annual physical exams at the university fitness clinic. Ninety-eight percent of the subjects self-identified as Caucasian and 96% were male (mean age = 39, range 21-63). …

Neurological Effects On Startle Response And Escape From Predation By Medaka Exposed To Organic Chemicals, Steven P. Bradbury, Richard W. Carlson, Robert A. Drummond, Dean E. Hammermeister

Steven P. Bradbury

Simultaneous electrophysiological and behavioral studies were performed on 21–32 day old juvenile medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed at sublethal concentrations to organic chemicals representing various modes of action. Non-invasive recordings were made of the electrical impulses generated within giant neuronal Mauthner cells, associated interneurons and motoneurons, and axial musculature, all of which initiate the startle or ‘escape’ response in fish. Timing in ms between these electrical sequelae was measured for each fish before and after 24 and 48 h exposure to a chemical. Carbaryl and phenol affected Mauthner cell to motoneuron transmission while chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, phenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) showed neuromuscular …

Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma Granarium Everts): Pest-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment, Judith Pasek

Judith E Pasek

This pest risk assessment was conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA, APHIS, PPQ). It was initiated in response to a need identified during an agency Program Review for khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts; Coleoptera: Dermestidae), which was requested during the November 1997 meeting of the Plant Protection and Quarantine Strategy Team (PPQST) and the National Plant Board Council. This assessment addresses the likelihood of khapra beetle becoming established in the United States, the economic consequences of khapra beetle infestation in the US, and available information regarding pathways, …

Advice To Flight Crews Concerning Wildlife Hazards To Aircraft, Paul F. Eschenfelder

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.

The Ldl Receptor Clustering Motif Interacts With The Clathrin Terminal Domain In A Reverse Turn Conformation., Richard G. Kibbey, Josep Rizo, Lila Gierasch, Richard G. W. Anderson

Lila Gierasch

Previously the hexapeptide motif FXNPXY807 in the cytoplasmic tail of the LDL receptor was shown to be essential for clustering in clathrin-coated pits. We used nuclear magnetic resonance line-broadening and transferred nuclear Overhauser effect measurements to identify the molecule in the clathrin lattice that interacts with this hexapeptide, and determined the structure of the bound motif. The wild-type peptide bound in a single conformation with a reverse turn at residues NPVY. Tyr807Ser, a peptide that harbors a mutation that disrupts receptor clustering, displayed markedly reduced interactions. Clustering motif peptides interacted with clathrin cages assembled in the presence or absence of …

A Comparative Study Of Molecular Similarity, Statistical, And Neural Methods For Predicting Toxic Modes Of Action, Steven P. Bradbury, Subhash C. Basak, Gregory D. Grunwald, George E. Host, Gerald J. Niemi

Steven P. Bradbury

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models are routinely used in predicting toxicologic and ecotoxicologic effects of untested chemicals. One critical factor in QSAR-based risk assessment is the proper assignment of a chemical to a mode of action and associated QSAR. In this paper, we used molecular similarity, neural networks, and discriminant analysis methods to predict acute toxic modes of action for a set of 283 chemicals. The majority of these molecules had been previously determined through toxicodynamic studies in fish to be narcotics (two classes), electrophiles/proelectrophiles, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and neurotoxicants. Nonempirical parameters, such as topological indices and …

Effects Of Distance To Juniperus Virginiana On The Establishment Of Fraxinus And Acer Seedlings In Old Fields, Scott J. Meiners, David L. Gorchov

Scott J. Meiners

It has been hypothesized that Juniperus virginiana facilitates tree seedling establishment in secondary succession. To test this hypothesis, we sampled four old fields in southwestern Ohio and monitored experimentally planted seeds and seedlings of Acer saccharum and Fraxinus americana for two years. Seeds and seedlings were placed into herbivore exclosures placed 0.3 and 3.0 m from J virginiana trees in an old field in Ohio. We found a significant positive spatial association between juniperus virginiana and tree seedling densities in all four old fields. Soil temperature, soil moisture, evaporative demand and light level in the 0.3 m treatment were significantly …

Foliage Damage Does Not Affect Within-Season Transmission Of Am Insect Virus, Joseph Elkinton, V. D'Amico, G. Dwyer, R. B. Willis, M. E. Montgomery

Joseph Elkinton

Gypsy moth defoliation of oak trees has been shown to lead to increased tannin levels, which, in turn, lead to reduced gypsy moth growth and fecundity. In laboratory experiments, increased tannin levels can interfere with the transmission of a virus that is consumed by larvae on oak foliage, and high mortality rates of larvae in the field are sometimes associated with low levels of defoliation. These latter results have led to the suggestion that gypsy moth defoliation may cause reduced mortality attributable to the virus by elevating oak tannin levels. In a series of field experiments, we directly tested the …

Selection For Resistance And Tolerance To Oat Mosaic Virus And Oat Golden Stripe Virus In Hexaploid Oats, Scott L. Walker, Steven Leath, J. Paul Murphy, Steven A. Lommel

Steven Leath

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth R. Gillard, Arshad M. Khan, Rickinder S. Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany D. Wolfsohn, B. Glenn Stanley

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Aquaculture In Dagupan City, Philippines, Michael A. Rice, Arthur Z. Devera

Michael A Rice

The development of aquaculture in the Agno-Pantal-Calmay River Estuary system of Dagupan City, Pangasinan Province in the Philippines is reviewed. Traditionally, extensive pond culture of milkfish, Chanos chanos and penaeid shrimp was practiced along with culture of mangrove oysters, Crassostrea iredalei, in adjacent estuarine waterways. Netpen culture of serranid groupers in the estuaries began in the early 1980s, followed by intensive fish pen culture of milkfish in the late 1980s. Over intensification of finfish aquaculture led to hyper eutrophication and fish kills beginning in 1996. Official governmental response to the fish kills is reported, and recommendations to prevent future fish …

Untangling Confusion Between Eubranchipus Vernalis And Eubranchipus Neglectus (Branchiopoda : Anostraca), Denton Belk, Graziella Mura, Stephen C. Weeks

Stephen C. Weeks

Despite illustrations in Garman (1926) clearly showing the different antennal appendages of Eubranchipus vernalis and Eubranchipus neglectus, Creaser (1930) published erroneous drawings of the antennal appendages of these two species that led to more than 65 years of taxonomic confusion between them. We untangle this confusion, and show that these species have nonoverlapping areas of occurrence with E. vernalis to the east and E. neglectus to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, we present evidence supporting the use of resting-egg (cyst) morphology in studying evolutionary relationships among anostracan species. An important part of this usefulness is due to …

Genetic Variation Among Populations Of River Otters In North America: Considerations For Reintroducing Projects, Thomas L. Serfass, Robert P. Brooks, James M. Novak, Paul E. Johns, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

James M. Novak

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess variability at 23 presumptive gene loci of 732 river otters obtained from fur-trappers in 18 states and three Canadian provinces. States and provinces providing otters were sorted into eight geographic regions for genetic comparisons. Multilocus heterozygosity and polymorphism ranged from 0.018 to 0.032 and 0.044 to 0.087, respectively. One locus, esterase-2, (EST-2) demonstrated a high level of polymorphism throughout all regions. Malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDH-1) was polymorphic throughout the Mississippi drainage but not elsewhere. Heterozygosity, occurrence of rare alleles, and mean number of alleles per locus were associated positively with estimated population sizes. …

Reproductive Demographics And Early Life History Of The Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus), Robert E. Colombo

Robert E. Colombo

Due to the collapse of the historic caviar fisheries in the Volga River and Caspian Sea, the demand on domestically produced caviar has increased. To supply the increased demand, the harvest of the shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus latorynchus has increased. Because caviar fisheries preferentially harvest females, information regardingthe sexual demographics of these populations is essential for effective fisheries management. To date, knowledge regarding the sex ratios and reproductive development of the shovelnose sturgeon population in the Middle Mississippi River is lacking. In Chapter 1, I describe this problem in detail and in subsequent chapters I explain how I addressed this problem …

Cyperus Fuscus (Cyperaceae), New To Missouri And Nevada, With Comments On Its Occurrence In North America, Paul M. Mckenzie, Brad Jacobs, Charles T. Bryson, Gordon C. Tucker, Richard Carter

Gordon C. Tucker

No abstract provided.

Improving Recovery Planning For Threatened And Endangered Species, Theodore C. Foin, Seth P. Riley, Anitra L. Pawley, Debra R. Ayres, Tina M. Carlsen, Peter J. Hodum, Paul V. Switzer

Paul V. Switzer

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Molar Size As A Basis For Distinguishing Wild Boar From Domestic Swine: Employing The Present To Decipher The Past, John J. Mayer, James M. Novak, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.

James M. Novak

No abstract provided.

A New Genetic Locus In Sinorhizobium Meliloti Is Involved In Stachydrine Utilization, Donald A. Phillips Dr., Eve S. Sandee Dr., Jan A.C. Vriezen Dr., Frans J. Debruijn Dr., Daniel Lerudulier Dr., Cecillia M. Joseph Dr.

Jan A.C. Vriezen Dr.

Stachydrine, a betaine released by germinating alfalfa seeds, functions as an inducer of nodulation genes, a catabolite, and an osmoprotectant in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Two stachydrine-inducible genes were found in S. meliloti 1021 by mutation with a Tn5-luxAB promoter probe. Both mutant strains (S10 and S11) formed effec- tive alfalfa root nodules, but neither grew on stachydrine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. When grown in the absence or presence of salt stress, S10 and S11 took up [14C]stachydrine as well as wild-type cells did, but neither used stachydrine effectively as an osmoprotectant. In the absence of salt stress, both …

Medical Students Development Of Empathic Understanding Of Their Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

No abstract provided.

Professional And Moral Development In Medical Students: The Ethics Of Caring For Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

The young physician-in-training faces arduous tasks. Knowledge must be absorbed, and skills must be mastered. But, becoming a physician is a moral as well as an intellectual task. The attitudes and values that a young physician adopts will determine the way he or she practices, and be equally as important as intellectual and technical proficiency. Physicians-in-training are young adults. They have emerged from adolescence into adulthood, hopefully with a firm image of themselves and a self-awareness of their values and inner feelings.

Intracellular Coexpression Of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Her-2/Neu, And P21ras In Human Breast Cancers: Evidence For The Existence Of Distinctive Patterns Of Genetic Evolution That Are Common To Tumors From Different Patients, Stanley E. Shackney, Agnese A. Pollice, Charles A. Smith, Laura E. Janocko, Lillian Sweeney, Kathryn A. Brown, Sarita G. Singh, Lingping Gu, Robert Yakulis, Joseph F. Lucke

Joseph Lucke

Multiparameter flow cytometry studies were performed on cells from the primary tumors of 94 patients with breast cancer. Correlated cellular measurements of cell DNA content, Her-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p21ras levels were performed on each of 5,000 to 100,000 cells from each tumor. When criteria for positivity were matched with those in common use for immunohistochemical studies, 28 of 94 (30\%) breast cancers were classified as positive for Her-2/neu overexpression. When similar criteria were applied to the EGFR measurements, 23 of 94 (24\%) cases were classified as positive for EGFR overexpression. Similarly, 23 of 94 (24\%) cases …

A Comparison Of Iron Absorption In Adults And Infants Consuming Identical Infant Formulas, Richard F. Hurrell, Lena Davidsson, Manju B. Reddy, Peter Kastenmayer, James D. Cook

Manju B. Reddy

Fe absorption was estimated in adults and infants from the erythrocyte incorporation of Fe isotopes added to infant formula. Fe absorption was measured in adults using radioisotopes, and in infants with a stable-isotope technique. In adults, the geometric mean Fe absorption from a ready-to-feed soya formula with its native phytic acid content was 2.4%. This increased to 6.0 % (P < 0.05) after almost complete dephytinization. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 3.9 and 8.7% respectively from the same products (P(O.05). In adults, mean Fe absorption from a spray-dried soya formula containing 110 mg ascorbic acid was 4.1 %, increasing to 5.3 % (P < 0.05) when ascorbic acid was doubled to 220 mgfl. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 5.7 and 9.5 % (P < 0.05) from the same products. Mean Fe absorption from a milk-based formula was 6.5 % in adults compared with 6.7 % in infants. All meals in the adult and infant studies were fed using an identical meal size of 217 g. Increasing the meal size threefold in adults did not change fractional Fe absorption. Mean Fe absorption values for each meal were lower in adults than in infants, but the relative inhibitory effect of phytic acid and the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid were similar. We conclude that Fe absorption studies in adults can be used to assess the influence of enhancers and inhibitors of Fe absorption in infant formulas fed to infants. Further studies, however, are required to extend these findings to weaning foods and complete meals.

Leaf Fluctuating Assymetry Increases With Hybridization And Elevation In Tree-Line Birches, Brian J. Wilsey, Erkki Haukioja, Julia Koricheva, Matti Sulkinoja

Brian J. Wilsey

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or random non-directional deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally or radially symmetrical traits, has recently been proposed to be a useful indicator of genetic and environmental stress. However, the factors underlying fluctuating asymmetry, especially in plants, remain poorly understood. We sampled leaf fluctuating asymmetry among and within three species of even-aged birch (Betula pubescens, B. nana, and B. pendula) and their interspecific hybrids growing in common gardens of northern Finland to determine whether hybridization and environmental stress are associated with increased developmental instability. Our predictions were that: (1) interspecific hybrids among B. pubescens, B. nana, and B. …

Molecular Systematics Of The Freshwater Mussel Genus Potamilu (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Kevin J. Roe, Charles Lydeard

Kevin J. Roe

Few explicit hypotheses for the relationships of unionid mussels exist. The absence of explicit phylogenetic hypotheses is problematic and is in part responsible for the lack of taxonomic stability seen in this group. In this paper we examine the relationships of mussels in the genus Potamilus, based upon the DNA sequences of a 600 base pair portion of the first subunit of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene. We also examine the genetic distinctiveness of populations of the inflated heelsplitter P. inflatus. The molecular phylogeny indicates that Potamilus is paraphyletic with Leptodea fragilis and Lampsilis ornata nested between P. …

Species Delineation And The Identification Of Evolutionarily Significant Units: Lessons From The Freshwater Mussel Genus Potamilus (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Kevin J. Roe, Charles Lydeard

Kevin J. Roe

Accurate identification of biological entities is critical to the timely and efficient preservation of biodiversity. Concepts that define segments of biological diversity--species and evolutionarily significant units (ESUs)--should reflect our current knowledge of the biological world. Conflation of different hierarchical definitions of taxa has the potential to obscure distinct biological entities in need of protection. The concept of the ESU has been criticized because it includes within its definition distinct biological entities that otherwise would be recognized as species. Herein we evaluate several versions of the evolutionary significant unit concept and provide as a case study an analysis of geographic variation …

The Role Of Ligand Flexibility In Predicting Biological Activity: Structure–Activity Relationships For Aryl Hydrocarbon, Estrogen, And Androgen Receptor Binding Affinity, Steven P. Bradbury, Ovanes G. Mekenyan, Gerald T. Ankley

Steven P. Bradbury

Recent studies indicate that the potency and agonist or antagonist activity of steroid hormone ligands are dependent, in part, on ligand–receptor binding affinity as well as the conformation of the ligand–receptor complex. The binding of ligands to hormone receptors is thought to involve interactions by which shapes of both the receptor and ligand are modified in the formation of the ligand–receptor complex. As a consequence, it is essential to explore the significance of ligand flexibility in the development of screening-level structure–activity relationships. In this review, examples are provided of techniques used to generate and screen ligand conformers in the development …