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The Rna-Binding Site Of Bacteriophage Qβ Coat Protein, Francis Lim, Marc Spingola, David S. Peabody

Marc Spingola

The Theme Of "Relevance" In Third World Human Sciences, Syed Farid Alatas

farid alatas

The fact that the humanities and social sciences in developing societies generally originated in the West has raised the issue of the relevance of these arts and sciences to the needs and problems of Third World societies. This questioning of relevance has led, in turn, to the call for the indigenisation of knowledge in developing societies. While there has been a great deal of discussion on indigenisation, there has been little practice of indigenised humanities and social science. As a result, there are few examples of what indigenous knowledge constitutes from theoretical, methodological and empirical points of view. This paper …

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships For Polychlorinated Hydroxybiphenyl Estrogen Receptor Binding Affinity: An Assessment Of Conformer Flexibility, Steven P. Bradbury, Ovanes G. Mekenyan, Gerald T. Ankley

Steven P. Bradbury

A diverse group of xenobiotics has a high binding affinity to the estrogen receptor (ER), suggesting that it can accommodate large variability in ligand structure. Relationships between xenobiotic structure, binding affinity, and estrogenic response have been suggested to be dependent on the conformational structures of the ligands. To explore the influence of conformational flexibility on ER binding affinity, a quantitative structure—activity relationship (QSAR) study was undertaken with estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and a set of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls (PCHBs) of environmental concern. Although the low-energy minima of the PCHB congeners suggested that interconversions among conformers were likely, the electronic parameters associated with the …

Taxonomic Status Of The Enigmatic Cryptotis Avia (Mammalia: Insectivora: Soricidae), With Comments On The Distribution Of The Colombian Small-Eared Shrew, Cryptotis Colombiana, Neal Woodman

Neal Woodman

Cryptotis avia G. M. Allen 1823, from the Eastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia, is a small-eared shrew previously known from, at most, five specimens. Review of the holotype, consisting of an understuffed skin and a partial skull, and three potential topotypes indicates that they are refereable to Cryptotis thomasi Merriam, 1897, and C. avia should be considered ajunior synonym of that name. Cryptotis thomasi is restricted to highlands around Bogotá in the Eastern Cordillera. Another specimen previously referred to C. avia is the second known specimen of Cryptotis colombiana Woodman & Timm 1993. This second record expands the known distribution …

The Effect Of Postruminal Amino Acid Flow On Muscle Cell Proliferation And Protein Turnover, James M. Reecy, James E. Williams, Monty S. Kerley, Ruth S. Macdonald, William H. Thornton, Julie L. Davis

Ruth S. MacDonald

An experiment was conducted to characterize the effects of postruminal administration of casein, glutamine, cornstarch, and water on protein turnover and in vitro muscle cell proliferation. Four MARC III steers (205 kg) were fed a protein-restricted bromegrass hay-based diet (2.86 Mcal of DE/kg and 13.6 g of N/kg). Using a 4 x 5 Latin square arrangement balanced for residual effects, casein and glutamine, equal to 50% of basal dietary nitrogen intake, cornstarch, isocaloric with casein infusion, or an equal volume of water was continuously infused into the abomasum of steers. Blood samples, collected every 2 h for 24 h after …

Emergence And Overwintering Brood Of Douglas-Fir Beetle Seven Years After The Clover Mist Fire On The Clarks Fork Ranger District, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, Judith E. Pasek

Judith E Pasek

Emergence patterns and population levels of Douglas-fir beetles (DFB), Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, in the seventh year of infestation following the Clover Mist Fire were evaluated on the Clarks Fork Ranger District of the Shoshone National Forest. Adult emergence in 1995 returned to a single peak beginning in mid-June, about a week later than normal likely due to cold, wet spring weather. Adults of both the '93-'94 and '94-'95 generations emerged, demonstrating for the second year in a row that DFB can extend its life cycle up to two years. Almost half of the total emergence of the '93-'94 generation was …

Improved Cultivation Systems For Isolation Of The Colorado Potato Beetle Spiroplasma., Meghnad Konai, K. J. Hackett, D. L. Williamson, J. J. Lipa, J. D. Pollack, G. E. Gasparich, E. A. Clark, D. C. Vacek, R. F. Whitcomb

Gail Gasparich

Pollen Dispersal In Low-Density Populations Of Three Neotropical Tree Species, Jason D. Nason, E. A. Stacy, J. L. Hamrick, S. P. Hubbell, R. B. Foster, R. Condit

Jason D Nason

Studies of mating patterns of tropical trees, typically involving common species, have revealed that most species are outcrossed and that, in some cases, a significant reaction of outcross pollen moves long distances. We evaluated mating systems and effective pollen dispersal for three hermaphroditic insect-pollinated Neotropical tree species, Calophyllum longifolium, Spondias mombin and Turpinia occidentalis, all of which occurred at low adult densities at the study site. Mating patterns were estimated for each maternal tree within 84-ha populations of C. Longifoliuman d S. mombin in 1992 and 1993 and within a 50-ha population of T. occidentalis in 1993. Each population was …

Pollen Dispersal In Low-Density Populations Of Three Neotropical Tree Species, E. A. Stacy, J. L. Hamrick, J. D. Nason, S. P. Hubbell, R. B. Foster, R. Condit

John Nason

Developmental And Tissue-Specific Expression Of Mouse Pelle-Like Protein Kinase, Marina Trofimova, Amy B. Sprenkle, Melissa Green, Thomas W. Sturgill, Mark G. Goebl, Maureen A. Harrington

Amy Sprenkle

Genetic Diversity Of The Narrow Endemic Allium Aaseae (Alliaceae), James F. Smith, T. Vuong Pham

James F. Smith

Low levels of genetic variability are common for a number of geographically restricted plants: these data are consistent with theoretical expectations that small populations should be genetically depauperate. However, in some species, high levels of variability have been found in rare species. Allium aaseae is a rare, narrow endemic in the foothills of the Boise Front of southwestern Idaho. Genetic variation in the rare endemic A. aaseae, and nearby populations of the more common species, A. simillimum, was examined with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data. Eight populations of A. aaseae and six populations of A. simillimum (three near the …

Comparison Of Sensors And Techniques For Crop Yield Mapping, Stuart J. Birrell, Kenneth A. Sudduth, Steven C. Borgett

Stuart J. Birrell

The implementation of site-specific crop management is dependent on the variations in yield and yield potential within a field. Crop yield maps are important for both the implementation and evaluation of site-specific crop management strategies. Management decisions and evaluations based on yield maps must take into consideration the accuracy and resolution of the maps.

An impact-based yield monitor and a volumetric yield monitor were compared. The effect of different dynamic models of combine grain flow on the calculated instantaneous yields were investigated. Both simple time delay models and first order models could be used to model the grain flow. In …

Haploid Plant Regeneration From Anther Cultures Of Three North American Cultivars Of Strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa Duch.), Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Henry R. Owen

A study was conducted to maxmuze plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of' Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mgtl IAA, I mgtl BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison ofMS, NN, and HI inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration …

Plant Germplasm, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of The Aquatic Ecology Of Side-Canyons And The Main Channel Of Lake Powell, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Kirsten L. Gallo

Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

From 18-21 April 1996, students in a Utah State University class (Aquatic Ecology Laboratory; FW 560) measured limnological and fisheries characteristics in two side canyons (Halls Creek Bay and Moki Canyon) and the main channel of Lake Powell. Inclement weather precluded sampling of two other side canyons. Most of the sub-projects, directed by indiVIdual students, addressed the following two hypotheses: (1) productivity gradients existed from the inflows of the side canyons toward the main channel and; (2) productivity was higher in the side canyons than in the main channel of the lake. In most cases, parameters were measured at 3-5 …

Variation In Alanine Transport Among Sibling Lecithotrophic Larvae Of Holothuroid And Asteroid Echinoderms, William Jaeckle

William Jaeckle

Variation in development rate (e.g., time to metamorphic competence) among sibling larvae has been reported, but inter-individual differences in physiological processes has received comparatively little attention.

Bacillus Vallismortis Sp. Nov., A Close Relative Of Bacillus Subtilis, Isolated From Soil In Death Valley, California, Michael Roberts, Lawrence Nakamura, Frederick Cohan

Frederick M. Cohan

No abstract provided.

Bird Aversive Properties Of Methyl Anthranilate, Yucca, Xanthoxylum, And Their Mixtures, Larry Clark, Bruce Bryant, Igor Mezine

Larry Clark

We tested the bird aversive properties of methyl anthranilate, yucca extracts, and Xanthoxylum spp. extracts in one- and two-bottle drinking assays that used European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In one- and two-bottle tests, methyl anthranilate proved to be the more potent stimulus in producing an avoidance response. Starlings avoided consuming Xanthoxylum and yucca only in the two-bottle tests. Previous studies showed that yucca was a good adjuvant in stabilizing lipophilic compounds in water. Starlings did not avoid binary mixtures of methyl anthranilate and yucca differently from what would be expected if they were only responding to the solution's methyl anthranilate content. …

Grazing Repellency Of Methyl Anthranilate To Snow Geese Is Enhanced By A Visual Cue, J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

Methyl anthranilate (Rejex-It AG-36) is formulated as a commercial goose repellent. Frequent reapplications of this product are often necessary, and the cost/application is high ($300.00/ha). The present experiment tested the possibility that the repellency of methyl anthranilate might be enhanced by the addition of visual cues. Twelve 0.4 ha plots were assigned randomly to three treatment groups. Plots in the first group (n = 4) were sprayed with 10% Vapor Guard (an agrochemical adhesive). Plots in the second group (n = 4) were treated with a mixture of methyl anthranilate (3.4 kg/ha) and Vapor Guard. Plots in the third group …

Avoidance Of Cabbage Fields By Snow Geese, J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

now Goose activity levels were significantly less in cabbage fields than in control fields. Although the data do not unambiguously address the issue of sulfur repellency, we believe that the activity difference is consistent with avoidance of the former and not preference for the latter. Sulfurous volatiles were readily apparent to us during our visits to cabbage fields throughout the study period. Similar odors were not detected in control fields. If sulfurous volatiles were important, then avoidance could reflect some characteristic of the cover crop (e.g., unpalatability acquired through the absorption and translocation of degra­ dation products) or it could …

Degradation Studies Of The Non-Lethal Bird Repellent, Methyl Anthranilate, Eugeny Aronov, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

Methyl anthranilate (MA), a food grade flavor and fragrance additive, has been reported to be an effective non-lethal bird repellent in a variety of situations. Despite the experimental success of MA, field studies have yielded widely differing levels of efficacy. Diminished efficacy in some field trials prob­ ably results from the failure of specific formulations to retain or protect the active ingredient under natural conditions. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the physical and chemical factors affecting the stability of MA is needed. We undertook a series of laboratory studies on hydrolysis, photolysis and microbial degradation of MA, the results of …

Non-Mycorrhizal Uptake Of Amino Acids By Roots Of The Alpine Sedge Kobresia Myosuroides: Implications For The Alpine Nitrogen Cycle, Ted K. Raab, David A. Lipson, Russ K. Monson

Ted K. Raab

Non-mycorrhizal plants of the alpine sedge, Kobresia myosuroides , take up the amino acid glycine from nutrient solutions at greater rates than NO3- or NH4+. The amino acids glutamate and proline were also taken up at high rates. Total plant biomass was twice as high after 4 months of growth on glycine, compared to NH4NO3, with significant increases in both root and leaf biomass. By taking advantage of differences in the d13C signature of air in the growth chamber and the glycine used for growth, a two-member mixing model was used to estimate that a significant amount of the glycine …

Variation In Cell Dimensions And Fibril Angle For Two Fertilized Even-Aged Loblolly Pine Plantations, Douglas D. Stokke, Todd F. Shupe, Elvin T. Choong, Mark D. Gibson

Douglas D. Stokke

Increment core samples were obtained from randomly selected, nine-year-old lohlolly pine (Pinus faeda L.) in two even-aged plantations in Louisiana in order to determine the variation in cell dimensions and fibril angle of the sites. The Homer site is representative of the growing conditions in north Louisiana, and the Bogalusa site is typical of the conditions in southeastern Louisiana. Both sites were subjected to similar site preparation and weed control and were fertilized in the juvenile period. The anatomical properties that were measured include: fiber length, cell-wall thickness, and microfibril angle (MFA). Observations were made in order to compare corewood …

Estimating One-Electron Reduction Potentials Of Quinones, Steven P. Bradbury, Ovanes G. Mekenyan, V. B. Kamenska

Steven P. Bradbury

The one-electron reduction potential ∗ E1 7 of benzo-, naphtho-and anthracenequinones is related to their ability to undergo redox cycling and elicit cytotoxicity through oxidative stress. To evaluate a general approach to estimate the E1 7 of benzo-, naphtho-and anthracenequinones, QSAR approaches based on gas phase and solvation based methods were employed. Stereoelectronic descriptors of ground state quinones, respective intermediates of the redox cycle, and the di erences in parameters for the transition between intermediates were evaluated. The variation of E1 7 was correlated with descriptors of the parent quinones and speci c transition parameters. The energy of the highest …

Presettlement Vegetation Of The Lower Chippewa River Valley, Lisa A. Schulte-Moore, William J. Barnes

Lisa A. Schulte Moore

The lower Chippewa River of west-central Wisconsin is the portion that flows southwest from the city of Eau Claire to the Mississippi River at Nelson. The river has a gentle gradient of about 0.8 m/km and highly erodible banks of sand and gravel. The river valley occurs between 35 m to 70 m below the surrounding upland, is between 1 and 5 km wide, and was formed primarily by glacial meltwaters. The floodplain is defined by annual high water levels and is generally below the 25 year flood recurrence interval, which on this part of the Chippewa River is >5m …

2,3, 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin, Steven P. Bradbury

Steven P. Bradbury

Since 1985, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a probable human carcinogen; subsequently, sources of TCDD in the environment have been regulated on the basis of animal cancer rates extrapolated to doses associated with human exposures. Two major activities have prompted the decision to reassess this approach for evaluating TCDD toxicity and its associated risks. First, an epidemiological study of cancer mortality in U.S. chemical workers by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health provided evidence of TCDD-mediated human carcinogenicity (Fingerhut et al. 1991 ). Second, at a 1990 Banbury conference a consensus …

Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton

Claire B. Andreasen

Heterophil phagocytosis of fluorescein-labeled staphylococcal bacteria was analyzed by flow cytometry. Opsonization with two types of normal pooled sera and staphylococcal antisera significantly increased bacterial phagocytosis compared to samples without an opsonin. The staphylococcal antisera did not significantly increase bacterial phagocytosis compared to the normal pooled sera. Opsonization appears to increase bacterial phagocytosis but specific antisera may not increase phagocytosis beyond that caused by pooled normal sera.

Reca-Like Genes From Three Archaean Species With Putative Protein Products Similar To Rad51 And Dmcl Proteins Of The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Steven Sandler, Leslie H. Satin, Hardeep Sarma, Alvin J. Clark

Steven Sandler

The process of homologous recombination has been documented in bacterial and eucaryotic organisms. The Escherichia coliRecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 proteins are the archetypal members of two related families of proteins that play a central role in this process. Using the PCR process primed by degenerate oligonucleotides designed to encode regions of the proteins showing the greatest degree of identity, we examined DNA from three organisms of a third phylogenetically divergent group, Archaea, for sequences encoding proteins similar to RecA and Rad51. The archaeans examined were a hyperthermophilic acidophile, Sulfolobus sofataricus (Sso); a halophile, Haloferax volcanii (Hvo); and a hyperthermophilic …

Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) For Quantification Of Skeletal Muscle Calpastatin, M. E. Doumit, Steven M. Lonergan, J. R. Arbona, J. Killefer, M. Koohmaraie

Steven M. Lonergan

An indirect antibody ELISA was developed for rapid and sensitive quantification of skeletal muscle calpastatin. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against recombinant calpastatin, corresponding to domains 2, 3, and 4 of bovine skeletal muscle calpastatin. Western blot analysis revealed that these antibodies specifically recognize an immunoreactive calpastatin protein of approximately 130 kDa in prerigor skeletal muscle extracts. The intensity of the immunoreactive bands corresponds qualitatively with assayable calpastatin activity. For ELISA development, optimum dilutions of sample, primary anti-calpastatin antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody were determined by titration. A dilution optimum for coating of Immulonâ 4 (Dynatech) plates was observed …

Evaluation Of Gps For Applications In Precision Agriculture, Steven C. Borgelt, John D. Harrison, Kenneth A. Sudduth, Stuart J. Birrell

Stuart J. Birrell

Location coordinate information is needed in precision agriculture to map in-field variability, and to serve as a control input for variable rate application. Differential global positioning system (DGPS) measurement techniques were compared with other independent data sources for sample point location and combine yield mapping operations. Sample point location could be determined to within 1 m (3 ft) 2dRMS using C/A code processing techniques and data from a high-performance GPS receiver. Higher accuracies could be obtained with carrier phase kinematic positioning methods, but this required more time and was a less robust technique with a greater potential for data acquisition …