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Arsenic Pollution: An Insight Into Its Effect In Plant Productivity And Human Health, Srimoyee Koner, Ranjana Pal, Siddhartha Dutta

American Journal of Applied Bio-Technology Research (AJABTR)

Arsenic (As), a naturally occurring metalloid, has been a major concern to the environment due to its adverse effects on the plants and human. Arsenic uptake and accumulation in plants has not only impaired the plant processes leading to loss in growth and crop yield but also resulted in toxicity in human due to biomagnification. With decades of research on the effects of arsenic accumulation on plant growth and development and its consequences in human health, we briefly discuss the effects of As on plants and humans. In the first part of the review the principles of uptake of As …

Do Plants Have The Cognitive Complexity For Sentience?, Ricard V. Solé

Animal Sentience

Are plants sentient? Like other aspects of the cognitive potential of plants, this is a controversial issue, often driven by analogies and seldom supported on solid theoretical grounds. Sentience is understood in cognitive sciences as the capacity to feel. I suggest that because of plants’ evolved adaptations to morphological plasticity, sessile nature and ecological constraints, they are unlikely to have the requisite cognitive complexity for sentience.

Plant Sentience: A Hypothesis Based On Shaky Premises, Carel Ten Cate

Animal Sentience

Plants may produce fascinating behavioural phenomena for which the label ‘cognitive process’ may be applicable, at least by some definitions. Segundo-Ortin & Calvo (2023) base their hypothesis that plants might be sentient on the premise of demonstrated presence of cognitive complexity. However, the way phenomena are ascribed, and how the term ‘cognitive’ is used by Segundo-Ortin & Calvo, deviates from the common practice in studies of animal cognition, implying greater complexity than seems justified. It thus provides a questionable basis for attributing sentience to plants.

Plants Lack The Functional Neurotransmitters And Signaling Pathways Required For Sentience In Animals, David G. Robinson, Michael R. Blatt, Andreas Draguhn, Lincoln Taiz, Jon Mallatt

Animal Sentience

We cannot agree with Segundo-Ortin and Calvo that plants are sentient organisms. We have critically examined several aspects of their target article, and find their claims are not supported by the published evidence. We address these claims in sections on whether plants have a ‘neurobiology’ analogous to that of animal nervous systems, including neurotransmitters and synaptic receptors that respond to anesthetics; and whether plant signaling resembles neural transmission. For the latter, we especially consider the unique way plants signal their responses to wounding. Although the plant vascular system has been compared to the animal nervous system, animal blood vessels would …

All Living Organisms Are Sentient, Arthur S. Reber, Frantisek Baluska, William B. Miller Jr.

Animal Sentience

We argue that all living organisms, from the simplest unicellular prokaryotes to Homo sapiens, have valenced experiences—feelings as states of preference—and are capable of cognitive representations. Bacteria can learn, form stable memories, and communicate, hence solve problems. Rowan et al.'s statement that "Subjective feelings are just that — subjective — and are available only to the animal (or human) experiencing them" is true but irrelevant. When we see a fish flopping about in the bottom of a boat we immediately recognize suffering without having a glimpse of the nature of piscine distress. Some controlled anthropomorphism can go a …

Polyploidy And Pollen Grain Size: Is There A Correlation?, Harry Sanders

Graduate Review

Pollen grain size has been regularly used as an indicator of the ploidy level in plants. It has been demonstrated in some plants and assumed in others that the larger the pollen, the higher the level of ploidy. However, very little work has been done to confirm that this rule is accurate in at least the majority of cases. Most correlations of pollen grain size to ploidy level have been a side note in other research and have not considered the theoretical and genomic implications involved in such a measurement. While much of the literature presents ploidy level as being …

Summer To Autumn Population Of Wild Eumaeus Atala On The Ft. Lauderdale Campus Of Nova Southeastern University, Alexandra M. Lens

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

Eumaeus atala is an endangered tropical butterfly native to the Caribbean and some parts of Florida, USA. Following population reductions primarily due to habitat loss, E. atala populations are now increasing due to conservation efforts of its cycad host plants, especially Zamia integrifolia (coontie). The purpose of this study was to observe, document, and measure the population of wild E. atala on the Ft. Lauderdale, Florida campus of Nova Southeastern University where landscaping use of host plants supports a natural population of E. atala. Forty-four host plants located in two different sites were observed for 14 weeks. One site …

Analysis Of The Variables Affecting Plant Species Richness In Deserts, Eli R. Kallison, Ellen Thompson, Maddison Keen, Rusty Newman

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

There are many hypotheses that attempt to explain patterns of species diversity in different environments. Deserts are a great place to study changes in species richness because they are relatively nutrient bare and exhibit low precipitation. This barebones environment means that slight shifts in climate and geography may lead to clear changes in species richness. We investigate how temperature, precipitation, water and light availability, latitude, elevation and other variables affect plant species richness in 20 deserts.

Insect Diversity And Association With Plants: A Case Study In Rural Areas Of Dhirkot, Azad Kashmir Pakistan, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz, Mehboob Ul Hassan, Mikhail F. Bagaturov, Majid Mahmood, Ghazal Tariq, Lariab Zahra Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Insects play a vital role for proper functioning of forest ecosystem, including positive roles as pollinators, seed dispersers, genetic linkers and detrimental effects by feeding on and/or killing trees. The present study was conducted to find insect association with plants in rural areas of Dhirkot. The study was conducted from March, 2019 to September, 2019. The sampling was carried out by line transect method. Thirty transects were taken for sampling insects. Sixty-five species of insects in association with 150 plants were recorded.

The Effects Of Citric Acid On Ph And Nutrient Uptake In Wheatgrass (Triticum Aestivum), Cristina Tusei

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analysis Of Phytoparositic Nematode Of Grain Crops And Wild-Growing Certains In The Conditions Of Uzbekistan, A.Sh. Xurramov

Bulletin of Gulistan State University

The article comparatively analyzes the complexes of phytoparasitic nematodes of wheat and wild-growing cereals. As a result of the study, 20 species were found on wheat agrocenoses, and 14 species of phytoparasitic nematodes were found on wild plants. Common to the studied cultures were 13 species of phytoparasitic nematodes.

Atay V. County Of Maui, Stephanie A. George

Public Land & Resources Law Review

As genetically engineered plants become more common, questions frequently arise regarding how the plants are regulated and who can regulate them. The Ninth Circuit attempted to answer these questions through preemption doctrine. The court left the door open for states and localities to regulate genetically engineered crops that have been deregulated by the federal government. This decision will implicate the future cultivation of genetically engineered crops, and the food industry as a whole.

Agricultural Biotechnology: U.S. Policy Regarding Patent Applications, Jo Lynn Jeter

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

The Upov System Of Protection: How To Bridge The Gap Between 1961 And 1991 In Regard To Breeders' Rights, Steven M. Ruby

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Biotechnology: United States Case Law, Jo Lynn Jeter

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Protection Of Plant Varieties And The Farmer's Rights Act, Robyn Ott

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

What You Ignore At Work May Harm You: The Effects Of Light, Design, And Nature, Shelby L. Beutel

BU Well

This paper looks into the effects of light, design, and nature on employees by incorporating environmental health and environmental design research into useful suggestions for the employee and the employer. The “fit” between a user and their work space has been elaborated on in recent years, and it has been shown that insufficient lighting can cause poor fit and consequential draining of energy and productivity. In the healthcare setting, medication errors have been linked to the amount of lighting within a hospital and to the variable amount of daylight throughout the year. While there is not a quick and easy …

Should Fish Feel Pain? A Plant Perspective, František Baluška

Animal Sentience

Key (2016) claims fish that fish do not feel pain because they lack the necessary neuronal architecture: their responses to noxious stimuli, according to Key, are executed automatically without any feelings. However, as pointed out by many of his commentators, this conclusion is not convincing. Plants might provide some clues. Plants are not usually thought to be very active behaviorally, but the evidence suggests otherwise. Moreover, in stressful situations, plants produce numerous chemicals that have painkilling and anesthetic properties. Finally, plants, when treated with anesthetics, cannot execute active behaviors such as touch-induced leaf movements or rapid trap closures after localizing …

Status Of Plants In Virginia, Michael H. Renfroe

Virginia Journal of Science

OVERVIEW OF BOTANICAL DIVERSITY

Virginia possesses a unique and varied assemblage of plant life. There are 3,164 species, subspecies and varieties of plants in Virginia (Weakley et al. 2012). As classified by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Division of Natural Heritage (DCR-DNH), they form some 94 ecological groups and 317 community types across five distinct physiographic provinces: Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Appalachian Plateau. The state extends 469 miles from east to west and 201 miles north to south at the widest points, enclosing 42,326 square miles of territory. This diverse range of environmental …

Persons As Plants: Ecopsychology And The Return To The Dream Of Nature, Monica Gagliano

Landscapes: the Journal of the International Centre for Landscape and Language

Abstract. In this article, I examine human-plant perceptions and interactions in terms of developing a new perspective on the perception and the actions of people towards plants. By combining my scientific understanding of the biological world and my own experiences working with plant shamans, storytellers and mystics from around the world, I engage with the idea that the hierarchical structure by which Western science defines the variety of life forms as ‘primitive’ or ‘more evolved’ is at the root of the current environmental crisis and I argue that the solution to it rests in a change of this very perspective.

Biogeochemical Interrelations Between The Çayırhan Oil Shales And Some Plants Growing On Them (Turkey), Berna Yavuz Pehli̇vanli, Şükrü Koç, Esra Ergi̇n, Ali̇ Sari, Leyla Açik, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

Oil shales are exposed in wide areas around the town of Çayırhan (Beypazarı-Ankara). It is known that some elements are enriched in oil shales and similar organic-material rich rocks. The purpose of this study was to understand the possible relations between the element abundances found at the Çayırhan oil shales (ÇOS) and those of some plant types growing on these rocks. The results of chemical analysis of selected plants (8 species) were compared with each other and with element abundances from the ÇOS. The plant types examined were divided into 2 groups with respect to enrichment factors. The first group …

Heavy Metal Accumulation And Detoxification Mechanisms In Plants, Abdul R. Memon, Di̇ğdem Aktoprakligi̇l, Ayli̇n Özdemi̇r, Anastassiia Vertii

Turkish Journal of Botany

Toxic metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste streams and groundwater causes major environmental and human health problems. The most commonly used methods for dealing with heavy metal pollution are still extremely costly. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to extract, sequester and/or detoxify pollutants and is a new and powerful technique for environmental clean-up. Plants are ideal agents for soil and water remediation because of their unique genetic, biochemical and physiological properties. Considerable advances have been made in recent decades in developing endemic or genetically engineered plants for the remediation of environmental clean-up. In the present review, current knowledge about …

Immunogold Localization Of Intra- And Extra-Cellular Proteins And Polysaccharides Of Plant Cells, Stuart Craig, Patricia J. Moore, Terri G. Dunahay

Scanning Microscopy

This paper illustrates post-embedding immunogold labelling of protein and polysaccharide molecules of plant cells. For EM studies, one is restricted (for most plant cells) to the post-embedding approach because the surrounding cell wall prevents access of antibodies (and secondary gold-tagged markers) to internal sites. The large size of many plant cells also does not lend itself to diffusional entry of antibodies. The molecules localized include seed storage proteins that are large and present in major quantities, a smaller less abundant, water soluble albumin, an oxygen-binding protein, components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and complex sugars from the cell wall. …

Use Of Cryogenically Prepared Samples In The Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Dry-To-Wet Transitions, John N. A. Lott, Patrice Kerr

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cryogenic preparation has been used to study changes that occur as a dry specimen undergoes hydration. Conventional techniques such as critical point drying or anhydrous fixation are unsuitable for studying such changes. Seed tissue, a dry moss and various foods were chosen to show dry-to-wet transitions that take place after wetting of the dry sample begins. Cryogenically prepared specimens have great potential, not only in the study of changes which occur during imbibition of one sample, but also in the study of samples with different moisture content.

Vascular Plants, Excluding Island Sites, Of Lake Of The Woods County, Minnesota, Janet Boe

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

It is likely that almost 150 newly-recorded items were collected and identified during a study of the vascular flora of Lake of the Woods county on Minnesota's northern border with Canada. This collection apparently extended the known range of a number of plants within the state and also noted sites of several plants of which there are only a few collections in Minnesota The study was conducted as part of the author's Master of Science degree program at the University of Minnesota.

Ecology And Floristics Of Knife Island, A Gull Rookery On Lake Superior, John M. Bernard, Donald W. Davidson, Rudy G. Koch

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT - Certain aspects of the ecology and floristics of Knife Island, Minnesota, a small gull rookery on the north shore of Lake Superior, were studied. 63 species of vascular plants, and 23 species of Bryophytes were collected, including one newly recorded in this state. Very high levels of soil organic matter, phosphate, and potassium were present, and low pH levels (ranging from 3.6 to 4.2) were found. These levels appear to reflect the intensive use of the island by the herring gulls. It is concluded that the major factor controlling the development of the flora and vegetation of Knife …

Species Distribution In A Prairie In Relation To Water-Holding Capacity, Max L. Partch

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Plants are seldom distributed uniformly, if an area of much size is considered, since even the smallest environmental differences may affect the success of some species. This study is an attempt to correlate the nonrandom distribution of plants in one prairie area with one measurable environmental factor, namely waterholding capacity. The well known phenomenon of zonation concerns a marked change in environment and therefore in species, and, as seems quite obvious, therefore also a change in plant communities. What might seem more obvious than real, however, is the boundary between any two of these so-called communities. It is possible that …

Collecting Plant Specimens. 1. Specimens For Identification, Robert Dunlop Royce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PLANT NAMES and the naming of plant specimens are of fundamental importance in many branches of science, including agriculture.

To the farmer, too, accuracy in naming poisonous plants and weeds, as well as fodder and pasture species, can save much trouble and expense, and may be responsible for avoiding heavy stock losses.

What's Wrong With That Plant?, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

EACH year several thousand inquiries are received from people who want to know "What's wrong with that plant?" The plants range from common fruit, vegeable and pasture plants to rare ornamentals.

In most cases, the inquiries can be answered satisfactorily by Departmental officers who specialise in the study of various plant troubles.

Vegetation Changes On The Waubun Prairie, Max L. Partch

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.