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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
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Estimation Of Direct And Maternal Breed Effects For Prediction Of Expected Progeny Differences For Birth And Weaning Weights In Three Multibreed Populations, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Estimation Of Direct And Maternal Breed Effects For Prediction Of Expected Progeny Differences For Birth And Weaning Weights In Three Multibreed Populations, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Direct and maternal breed effects on birth and 200-d weights were estimated for nine parental breeds (Hereford [H], Angus [A], Braunvieh [B], Limousin [L], Charolais [C], Simmental [S], Gelbvieh [G], Red Poll [R], and Pinzgauer [P]) that contributed to three composite populations (MARC I = ¼B, ¼C, ¼L, ⅛H, ⅛A; MARC II = ¼G, ¼S, ¼H, ¼A; and MARC III = ¼R, ¼P, ¼H, ¼A). Records from each population, the composite plus pure breeds and crosses used to create each composite, were analyzed separately. The animal model included fixed effects of contemporary group (birth year-sex-dam age), proportions of individual and …
Comparison Of Circulating Concentrations Of Reproductive Hormones In Boars Of Lines Selected For Size Of Testes Or Number Of Ovulations And Embryonal Survival To Concentrations In Respective Control Lines, D. V. Mariscal, P. L. Wolfe, E. G. M. Bergfeld, A. S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, K. E. Fike, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, R. K. Johnson, R. J. Kittock, J. J. Ford, J. E. Kinder
Comparison Of Circulating Concentrations Of Reproductive Hormones In Boars Of Lines Selected For Size Of Testes Or Number Of Ovulations And Embryonal Survival To Concentrations In Respective Control Lines, D. V. Mariscal, P. L. Wolfe, E. G. M. Bergfeld, A. S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, K. E. Fike, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, R. K. Johnson, R. J. Kittock, J. J. Ford, J. E. Kinder
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objectives of this study were to determine whether circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and gonadal hormones of boars were altered as a result of selection of pigs for size of testes or for embryonal survival and(or) number of ovulations. Included in Exp. 1 and 2 were boars with the greatest estimated paired weight of testes (TS) and boars from a control (C) line. Concentrations of FSH were similar (P > .10) in boars from the TS and C lines. In Exp. 3, 4, and 5, circulating concentrations of FSH and 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in neonates, during pubertal …
Prediction Of Breeding Values For Tenderness Of Market Animals From Measurements On Bulls, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, M. Koohamaraie, D. D. Lunstra, J. D. Crouse
Prediction Of Breeding Values For Tenderness Of Market Animals From Measurements On Bulls, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, M. Koohamaraie, D. D. Lunstra, J. D. Crouse
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Data were tenderness measures on steaks from 237 bulls (Group II) slaughtered after producing freezable semen and on 1,431 related steers and heifers (market animals, Group I ) from Angus, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Brahman, and Sahiwal crosses from the Germ Plasm Evaluation project at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Tenderness was assessed through Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (SF), taste panel tenderness (TPT), marbling score (MS), and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). For all traits, as fraction Bos indicus inheritance increased, implied tenderness decreased. Heritability estimates were generally not significantly different from zero. Genetic correlations generally indicated favorable associations among the traits. The …
Comparison Of Circulating Concentrations Of Reproductive Hormones In Boars Of Lines Selected For Size Of Testes Or Number Of Ovulations And Embryonal Survival To Concentrations In Respective Control Lines, D. V. Mariscal, P. L. Wolfe, E. G. M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, K. E. Fike, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, Rodger K. Johnson, Roger J. Kittok, J. J. Ford, J. E. Kinder
Comparison Of Circulating Concentrations Of Reproductive Hormones In Boars Of Lines Selected For Size Of Testes Or Number Of Ovulations And Embryonal Survival To Concentrations In Respective Control Lines, D. V. Mariscal, P. L. Wolfe, E. G. M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, K. E. Fike, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, Rodger K. Johnson, Roger J. Kittok, J. J. Ford, J. E. Kinder
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objectives of this study were to determine whether circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and gonadal hormones of boars were altered as a result of selection of pigs for size of testes or for embryonal survival and(or) number of ovulations. Included in Exp. 1 and 2 were boars with the greatest estimated paired weight of testes (TS) and boars from a control (C) line. Concentrations of FSH were similar ( P > .10) in boars from the TS and C lines. In Exp. 3, 4, and 5, circulating concentrations of FSH and 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in neonates, during pubertal …
Progestin And Estrogen Regulation Of Pulsatile Lh Release And Development Of Persistent Ovarian Follicles In Cattle, J. E. Kinder, F. N. Kojima, E. G. M. Bergfeld, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Fike
Progestin And Estrogen Regulation Of Pulsatile Lh Release And Development Of Persistent Ovarian Follicles In Cattle, J. E. Kinder, F. N. Kojima, E. G. M. Bergfeld, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Fike
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
When doses of progestin used commercially are administered to synchronize the stage of the estrous cycle among bovine females, fertility is reduced compared with that of untreated controls. The reduced fertility that results from the use of progestinbased estrus synchrony regimens is associated with the development of persistent ovarian follicles. Persistent ovarian follicles develop as a result of the greater frequency of LH pulses that occurs during the period of treatment with progestins. The greater release of LH pulses results in enhanced secretion of 17β-estradiol from persistent ovarian follicles. The greater frequency of LH release or the greater secretion of …
Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler For Animal Models: Flexible Programs For Bayesian And Likelihood-Based (Co)Variance Component Inference, C. P. Van Tassell, L. Dale Van Vleck
Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler For Animal Models: Flexible Programs For Bayesian And Likelihood-Based (Co)Variance Component Inference, C. P. Van Tassell, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A set of FORTRAN programs to implement a multiple-trait Gibbs sampling algorithm for (co)variance component inference in animal models (MTGSAM) was developed. The MTGSAM programs are available to the public. The programs support models with correlated genetic effects and arbitrary numbers of covariates, fixed effects, and independent random effects for each trait. Any combination of missing traits is allowed. The programs were used to estimate variance components for 50 replicates of simulated data. Each replicate consisted of 50 animals of each sex in each of four generations, for 400 animals in each replicate for two traits. For MTGSAM, informative prior …
Direct And Maternal Genetic Covariances By Age Of Dam For Weaning Weight, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory, G. L. Bennett
Direct And Maternal Genetic Covariances By Age Of Dam For Weaning Weight, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory, G. L. Bennett
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Weaning weights of calves of dams at ages in years of 2, 3, and older were modeled to be three separate traits. Fixed effects were sex of calfyear of birth combinations for nine pure breeds and sex of calf-year of birth-generation for three composite populations. Random effects fitted for each trait were correlated direct and maternal genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and temporary environmental. Direct and maternal effects were correlated across traits. A multiple-trait, derivative-free REML algorithm was used to estimate the 30 (co)variance components. Number of animals per breed group ranged from 1,244 to 4,326. For the three traits for …
Estimation Of Variances Due To Direct And Maternal Effects For Growth Traits Of Nelore Cattle, J. P. Eler, L. Dale Van Vleck, J. B. S. Ferraz, R. B. Lobo
Estimation Of Variances Due To Direct And Maternal Effects For Growth Traits Of Nelore Cattle, J. P. Eler, L. Dale Van Vleck, J. B. S. Ferraz, R. B. Lobo
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained for birth, 205-d, and 365-d weight for Nelore cattle in Brazil, using single and multiple-trait animal models. Data were from the Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association (ABCZ). Records of 27,549 calves sired by 587 bulls and raised on pasture in 57 herds were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood fitting an animal model including direct and maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects. Single and multiple- trait analyses were carried out. Heritability estimates for direct effects were lower than previous values reported for the Nelore breed. The estimates for maternal genetic effects showed that …
Effect Of Selection For Size Of Testes In Boars On Semen And Testis Traits, Ying-Tsorn Huang, Rodger K. Johnson
Effect Of Selection For Size Of Testes In Boars On Semen And Testis Traits, Ying-Tsorn Huang, Rodger K. Johnson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of selection for increased size of testes on semen and testis characteristics. Boars from a line selected for increased size of testes at 150 d of age (TS, n = 25) and a randomly selected control line (C, n = 18) were used. Semen was collected three times per week for 3 wk (TRT1) then daily for 3 wk (TRT2) beginning when boar age averaged 276 d. It was followed by a 4-wk period of one collection per week and then the TRT1-TRT2 sequence was repeated. After 64 collections, boars …
Variances Of Additive And Dominance Genetic Effects For Ovulation And Twinning Rates In A Population Selected For Twinning, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Variances Of Additive And Dominance Genetic Effects For Ovulation And Twinning Rates In A Population Selected For Twinning, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Estimates of variances due to additive and dominance genetic effects and permanent and temporary environmental effects were obtained for ovulation and twinning rates from a composite population selected for twinning rate. Measures of ovulation rate after 11 mo of age on 2,317 heifers with a total of 19,209 measures were used. Twinning measures were on 1,522 first-parity cows, 1,311 later-parity cows with a total of 3,571 measures, and 1,704 all-parity cows with 5,100 measures. Models included fixed effects of year-season-age at calving for twinning, and year-season of birth, age in months, and calendar month of measurement for ovulation rate. Four …
Genetic Trend And Environmental Effects In A Population Of Cattle Selected For Twinning, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Genetic Trend And Environmental Effects In A Population Of Cattle Selected For Twinning, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A selection experiment was established in 1981 to increase twinning rate in cattle. Results reported are through 1993 calf crops. Estimates of genetic parameters for a two-trait twinning and ovulation rate model with genetic groups were as follows: heritabilities of .03 for twinning and .07 for ovulation rates with a genetic correlation of nearly 1.00 and fractional permanent environmental variances of .06 for twinning and .05 for ovulation rate. Corresponding estimates when group effects were ignored were as follows: heritabilities of .08 and .08 and fractional permanent environmental variances of .02 and .04 for twinning and ovulation rates, respectively. Twinning …
Embryonal Survival To 6 Days In Mice Selected On Different Criteria For Litter Size, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, M. A. J. Van Engelen, Merlyn K. Nielsen
Embryonal Survival To 6 Days In Mice Selected On Different Criteria For Litter Size, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, M. A. J. Van Engelen, Merlyn K. Nielsen
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Embryonal survival was compared in mice resulting from four criteria of selection: LS = selection on number born; IX = selection on an index of ovulation rate and ova success; UT = selection on number born to unilaterally ovariectomized females; and LC = unselected control. Selection occurred for 21 generations with three replicates of the four criteria; thereafter, relaxed selection was practiced. The evaluation was performed using mice of two replicates at Generation 35 and one replicate at Generation 36. Data on a total of 289 female mice were recorded. Females, at an average age of 9 wk, were mated …
Effect Of Variance Of Interaction Effects Of Sire And Herd On Selection For Milk And Fat Yield, G. Dimov, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. D. Norman
Effect Of Variance Of Interaction Effects Of Sire And Herd On Selection For Milk And Fat Yield, G. Dimov, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. D. Norman
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The animal model for genetic evaluations of dairy cattle by the USDA currently includes a term for interaction effects of sire and herd. The relative magnitude of the variance of that effect was established in the 1960s as 14% of the total variance, but recent research has shown that the proportion is 2% or less. This report compared EBV using either the 14% or the actual estimate from 20 samples of records from herds in California, New York, and Pennsylvania. From 6 to 22% of bulls or cows selected for milk and fat yields based on evaluation with 14% of …
Changing Dose Of Progesterone Results In Sudden Changes In Frequency Of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses And Secretion Of 17Β-Estradiol In Bovine Females, E. G. M. Bergfeld, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, J. E. Kinder
Changing Dose Of Progesterone Results In Sudden Changes In Frequency Of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses And Secretion Of 17Β-Estradiol In Bovine Females, E. G. M. Bergfeld, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, J. E. Kinder
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the time course according to which changes in circulating concentrations of progesterone influence pulsatile secretion of LH and secretion of 17β-estradiol. Our working hypothesis was that changing the dose of progesterone would result in changes in frequency of LH pulses and secretion of 17β-estradiol within 72 h. Five days after behavioral estrus, thirty-three cows were randomly assigned to one of five groups: 1) control, no treatment (CONT, n = 5); 2) treatment with two progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) for 11 days (2PRID, 5-6 ng/ml plasma progesterone, n = 7); 3) treatment …
Transcriptional Regulation Of Sertoli Cell Differentiation By Follicle-Stimulating Hormone At The Level Of The C-Fos And Transferrin Promoters, Jaideep Chaudary, Patricia D. Whaley, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner
Transcriptional Regulation Of Sertoli Cell Differentiation By Follicle-Stimulating Hormone At The Level Of The C-Fos And Transferrin Promoters, Jaideep Chaudary, Patricia D. Whaley, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
One of the primary endocrine hormones that influence the onset of Sertoli cell differentiation at puberty and help maintain differentiation in the adult testis is FSH. FSH can modulate the majority of Sertoli cell differentiated functions, including stimulation of the iron-binding protein transferrin. Previous studies have shown that FSH alters the levels of cAMP and the immediate early gene c-fos. The current study was designed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by examining the actions of FSH on the promoter of the immediate early gene c-fos and the promoter of the downstream differentiated function gene transferrin. …
Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: Ii. Carcass And Palatability Traits, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Richard J. Rasby, Rick Stock, B. A. Vieselmeyer, James A. Gosey
Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: Ii. Carcass And Palatability Traits, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Richard J. Rasby, Rick Stock, B. A. Vieselmeyer, James A. Gosey
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effect of EPD for marbling on marbling score, palatability traits, and carcass fatness in beef. Steer (n = 122) and heifer (n = 123) carcasses were obtained by mating Angus bulls having a high (>.4) or low (<-.16) EPD for marbling to MARC II cows (¼ Angus, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Simmental, and ¼ Gelbvieh). Carcass traits, composition of primals, quarters, and sides, palatability, and shear force data were obtained and adjusted to the mean number of days on feed, equal marbling score (Small50) , fat thickness (1.0 cm), and carcass weight (318 kg) end points. Steer carcasses from the high marbling EPD group, adjusted to the mean number of days on feed, had significantly more marbling ( P < .01) and less subcutaneous fat in the side and the hindquarter ( P < .10) than their low marbling EPD counterparts. Adjusting steers to Small50 marbling produced smaller longissimus muscle area (by 5 cm2) , less fat thickness (1.15 vs 1.28 cm), and lighter side weights (306 vs …
Estimates Of Heritabilities And Genetic And Environmental Correlations For Left- And Right-Side Uterine Capacity And Ovulation Rate In Mice, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Y. L. Kochera Kirby, A. C. Clutter
Estimates Of Heritabilities And Genetic And Environmental Correlations For Left- And Right-Side Uterine Capacity And Ovulation Rate In Mice, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Y. L. Kochera Kirby, A. C. Clutter
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Heritabilities for and genetic and environmental correlations between uterine capacity, ovulation rate, and body mass (BM) were estimated in mice. Uterine capacity was defined as the number of fetuses (LUC or RUC for left or right side) in one uterine horn for unilaterally ovariectomized females. Ovulation rate (corpora lutea, LCL or RCL for left or right ovary) was measured on the remaining single ovary in these same females. Data on 1,931 mice from four selection populations were used. Left ovulation rate and LUC were measured on 958 animals, and RCL and RUC of another 972 animals were recorded. Genetic and …
Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: I. Production Traits, B. A. Vieselmeyer, Richard J. Rasby, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Rick Stock, James A. Gosey
Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: I. Production Traits, B. A. Vieselmeyer, Richard J. Rasby, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Rick Stock, James A. Gosey
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Six Angus bulls with HIGH (>.4) and six bulls with LOW (<-.16) expected progeny differences (EPD) for marbling were used to evaluate the impact of marbling on progeny production and carcass traits. Bulls were randomly bred to MARC II (¼ Hereford, ¼ Simmental, ¼ Angus, ¼ Gelbvieh) composite cows in each of 2 yr to calve in the spring. At weaning, steers and heifers were separated and managed in different production systems. Steers (n = 131) were fed a growing diet (1.1 Mcal of NEg/kg) for 48 d followed by adaptation to a 93% concentrate finishing diet. Heifers (n = 125) were fed a growing diet (.79 Mcal of NEg/kg) for 191 d followed by adaptation to the same 93% concentrate diet. Steers and heifers from each treatment were slaughtered at two times spaced about 60 d apart within both years. Marbling EPD class had no effect on fat thickness, USDA yield grade, carcass weight, finishing daily gain, finishing DMI, or finishing efficiency ( P > .18). More ( …
Ewe Fertility In The Star Accelerated Lambing System, R. M. Lewis, D. R. Notter, D. E. Hogue, B. H. Magee
Ewe Fertility In The Star Accelerated Lambing System, R. M. Lewis, D. R. Notter, D. E. Hogue, B. H. Magee
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Effects of environmental factors such as ewe age, season of exposure, and time from lambing to exposure on fertility were evaluated using records on 1,084 Dorset ewes in the STAR accelerated lambing system. The STAR program consisted of five 30-d concurrent breeding and lambing periods per year beginning on January 1, March 15, May 27, August 8, and October 20. Fertility in the flock changed in a cyclic and predictable fashion during the year. Changes in prolificacy were less consistent but also tended to show cyclic variation. Matings that occurred within the typical breeding season (August, October, and January) were …