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Horses As Sources Of Proprietary Information: Commercialization, Conservation, And Compensation Pursuant To The Convention On Biological Diversity, Haley Mcclory, Stanley Kowalski
Horses As Sources Of Proprietary Information: Commercialization, Conservation, And Compensation Pursuant To The Convention On Biological Diversity, Haley Mcclory, Stanley Kowalski
Law Faculty Scholarship
Horses indigenous to East and Southeast (E/SE) Asia, including native, landrace, feral, and wild populations, embody valuable genetic diversity. Conservation efforts for animals have largely been driven by humane altruism, with little consideration for the information value of genomes. Yet, if horses are viewed as archives of information as well as objects of affection, their conservation shifts to a market-based paradigm. Horse genetic resources (GR) likely contain significant value to the lucrative global horse industry, including veterinary applications such as diagnostics, therapeutics, genetic markers, gene therapies, and cloning technologies. As biotechnology becomes increasingly sophisticated, mining of horse GR will accelerate, …
Freedom-To-Operate In The Crop Sciences: Procedure, Stanley P. Kowalski
Freedom-To-Operate In The Crop Sciences: Procedure, Stanley P. Kowalski
Law Faculty Scholarship
Freedom to operate (FTO) is the ability to proceed with research, development and commercialization of a crop science product, while fully accounting for any potential risks of infringing activity, that is, whether a product can be made, used, sold, offered for sale, or exported, with a minimal risk of infringing the unlicensed intellectual property rights (IPRs) or tangible property rights (TPRs) of another. An FTO analysis begins with the ‘FTO team’ systematically dissecting the crop science product into the components, combination of components, processes and germplasm that went into its research and development. This is followed by generating a series …