Digital Commons Network^™

A Hydrodynamics Assessment Of The Hammerhead Shark Cephalofoil, Matthew K. Gaylord, Eric L. Blades, Glenn Parsons

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Hammerhead sharks are characterized by a conspicuous lateral expansion of the head forming a structure known as a cephalofoil. Two theories regarding the function of this structure suggest that it may increase maneuverability as well as produce dynamic lift similar to a cambered airplane wing. Here we report on a family-wide computational fluid dynamics analysis of all eight hammerhead shark species and three sharks with typical head shape. Models cast of the heads of fresh and museum specimens of hammerhead and typical sharks were used to produce pressure surface maps and lift and drag polar diagrams …

Smart Snacks In Universities: Possibilities For University Vending, Georgianna Mann, Laurel Greenway Lambert, Kritika Gupta, Megan Partacz

Faculty and Student Publications

Background:The study goal was to evaluate the nutritional impact of a healthy snack intervention on a southern university campus. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted during the fall 2017 semester weekly for 14 weeks in a large southern U.S. university. For the intervention, half of vending snacks in four campus residential halls (housing from 216 to 361 students) were substituted with snacks complying with federal Smart Snacks in School nutrition standards for K-12 schools. For analysis, data from the Nutrition Facts labels of 14 vending machines or from manufacturer's websites was collected by trained graduate and undergraduate researchers. Results: On …

Finding Aid For The Thomas G. Abernethy Collection (Mum00001)

Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids

Thomas G. Abernethy represented Mississippi in the U.S. House of Representatives between 1943 and 1973. The 454 boxes in this collection contain files created during Abernethy's tenure in office.

Effects Of Mind–Body Exercises On Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Gao Xia Wei, Lin Yang, Kellie Imm, Paul D. Loprinzi, Lee Smith, Xiangyang Zhang, Qian Yu

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Wei, Yang, Imm, Loprinzi, Smith, Zhang and Yu. Background: Mind–body exercises (MBEs) have been widely accepted as a complementary therapy for the patients with low exercise tolerance. Currently, the number of experimental studies investigating the effect of MBEs for improving symptoms in people with schizophrenia is increasing. However, results are inconsistent. Methods: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of mind–body exercises on schizophrenia. Seven electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], CNKI and Wangfang) were screened through October 2019 and risks of bias of included studies were …

Impact Of Placement Of Fitbit Hr Under Laboratory And Free-Living Conditions, Hyun Chul Jung, Minsoo Kang, Nan Hee Lee, Soeun Jeon, Sukho Lee

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Wrist-worn activity monitors have become accessible for measuring physical activities, but an activity monitor's accuracy worn at different placements is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the differences in measurements of heart rates, step counts, and calories estimated from the fitness tracker worn at different locations and the accuracy of Fitbit HR against criterion measures. Thirty-two healthy adults participated in this study. Participants wore Fitbit HR at four different locations (right proximal, distal, and left proximal, distal). Treadmill exercise consisted of five 5-min phases including slow walking and jogging. Free-living activities involved ten …

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Sleep Quality In Adults With Primary Hypertension And Obesity Before And After An Aerobic Exercise Program: Exerdiet-Hta Study, Aitor Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza, Iñigo Mujika, Paul Loprinzi, Pablo Corres, Ilargi Gorostegi-Anduaga, Sara Maldonado-Martín

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: The purposes of the study were to: analyze, by objective (accelerometry) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) methodologies, the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in healthy adults (HEALTHY, n = 30) and individuals with primary hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity (n = 218); assess the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality in the HTN group; and evaluate the relationship between objectively measured and subjectively reported PA and SB. Methods: The measurements were performed before a 16-week exercise intervention …

Functional Training And Blood Flow Restriction: A Perspective View On The Integration Of Techniques, Marzo E. Da Silva-Grigoletto, Ezequias Pereira Neto, David George Behm, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira

Faculty and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Ectomycorrhizal Plant-Fungal Co-Invasions As Natural Experiments For Connecting Plant And Fungal Traits To Their Ecosystem Consequences, Jason D. Hoeksema, Colin Averill, Jennifer M. Bhatnagar, Edward Brzostek, Erika Buscardo, Ko-Hsuan Chen, Hui-Ling Liao, Laszlo Nagy, Nahuel Policelli, Joanna Ridgeway, J. Alejandro Rojas, Rytas Vilgalys

Faculty and Student Publications

Introductions and invasions by fungi, especially pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi, are widespread and potentially highly consequential for native ecosystems, but may also offer opportunities for linking microbial traits to their ecosystem functions. In particular, treating ectomycorrhizal (EM) invasions, i.e., co-invasions by EM fungi and their EM host plants, as natural experiments may offer a powerful approach for testing how microbial traits influence ecosystem functions. Forests dominated by EM symbiosis have unique biogeochemistry whereby the secretions of EM plants and fungi affect carbon (C) and nutrient cycling; moreover, particular lineages of EM fungi have unique functional traits. EM invasions may therefore …

Acute Effects Of Kinesiology Tape Tension On Soleus Muscle H-Reflex Modulations During Lying And Standing Postures, Yung Sheng Chen, Wei Chin Tseng, Che Hsiu Chen, Pedro Bezerra, Xin Ye

Faculty and Student Publications

Copyright: © 2020 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Kinesiology tape (KT) has been widely used in the areas of sports and rehabilitation. However, there is no gold standard for the tape tension used during a KT application. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of KT application with different tension intensities on soleus muscle Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) modulation during lying and standing postures. Fifteen healthy university …

Microbiomes Of Caribbean Octocorals Vary Over Time But Are Resistant To Environmental Change, Mark Mccauley, Colin R. Jackson, Tamar Goulet

Faculty and Student Publications

The bacterial microbiome is an essential component of many corals, although knowledge of the microbiomes in scleractinian corals far exceeds that for octocorals. This study characterized the bacterial communities present in shallow water Caribbean gorgonian octocorals over time and space, in addition to determining the bacterial assemblages in gorgonians exposed to environmental perturbations. We found that seven shallow water Caribbean gorgonian species maintained distinct microbiomes and predominantly harbored two bacterial genera, Mycoplasma and Endozoicomonas. Representatives of these taxa accounted for over 70% of the sequences recovered, made up the three most common operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and were present in …

To Play Or Not To Play: Can An Instrument Really Impact Lip And Tongue Performance?, Robert S. Thiebaud, Takashi Abe, W. Matt Denning, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Micah J. Okerlund, Joe S.J. Ryan, Whitney Boyce, Maggie Mcbride, Jared Hernandez

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. (1) Background: Increasing tongue and lip strength may help improve various speech and swallowing disorders, but it is unclear if instrumentalists who use these muscle groups for long periods of time have greater strength and endurance compared to controls. It is also unclear if instrumentalists can more accurately estimate various exercise intensities. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in lip and tongue strength and endurance between instrumentalists and non-instrumentalists (controls). A secondary purpose was to assess differences in ability to estimate various exercise intensities between the two groups. …

Unanticipated Stressful And Rewarding Experiences Engage The Same Prefrontal Cortex And Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations, Alberto Del Arco, Junchol Park, Bita Moghaddam

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 Del Arco et al. Brain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. But how about the actual experience? Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? To address this, we recorded unit activity and local field …

Correlation Between Cognition And Balance Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Observed Through A Tai Chi Intervention Program, Tao Xiao, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Paul D. Loprinzi, Nicola Veronese, Jie Yao, Zonghao Zhang, Jane Jie Yu

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Xiao, Yang, Smith, Loprinzi, Veronese, Yao, Zhang and Yu. Background: Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this aging population remains to be explored. Objective: The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue. Methods: A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middle-aged and …

A Comparison Of Motor Unit Control Strategies Between Two Different Isometric Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller, Xin Ye

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: This study examined the motor unit (MU) control strategies for non-fatiguing isometric elbow flexion tasks at 40% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Nineteen healthy individuals performed two submaximal tasks with similar torque levels: contracting against an immovable object (force task), and maintaining the elbow joint angle against an external load (position task). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from the agonist and antagonist muscles. The signals from the agonist were decomposed into individual action potential trains. The linear regression analysis was used to examine the MU recruitment threshold …

Is It Time To Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?, Paulo Gentil, Ricardo Borges Viana, João Pedro Naves, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Coswig, Jeremy Loenneke, Claudio André Barbosa

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the …

Repeat Expansion Scanning Of The Notch2nlc Gene In Patients With Multiple System Atrophy, Pu Fang, Yanyan Yu, Sheng Yao, Shuyun Chen, Min Zhu, Yunqing Chen, Keji Zou, Lulu Wang, Huan Wang, Ling Xin, Tao Hong, Daojun Hong

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association. Objective: Trinucleotide GGC repeat expansion in the 5’UTR of the NOTCH2NLC gene has been recognized as the pathogenesis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Previous studies have described that some NIID patients showed clinical and pathological similarities with multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to address the possibility that GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC might be associated with some cases diagnosed as MSA. Methods: A total of 189 patients with probable or possible MSA were recruited to screen …

Temporal Trends In The Association Between Participation In Physical Education And Physical Activity Among U.S. High School Students, 2011-2017, Seungho Ryu, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, Minsoo Kang

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the author. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in physical education and physical activity among U.S. high school students from 2011 to 2017, respectively, and to evaluate temporal trends in the relationship between physical education class participation and physical activity levels. Data from a total of 51,616 high school students who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed for this study. Physical education was measured as follows: In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education …

The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Marathon Event: A Case Study From China, Zhanbing Ren, Yifan Zuo, Yudan Ma, Mu Zhang, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Qian Yu, Liye Zou

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of marathon events in China, and to identify the suitable natural environmental factors for the marathon events. Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were used to perform coupling analysis, e.g. overlap, neighborhood, intersection and buffer for terrain, climate, air quality, mountains and water resources with 342 marathon events held in China in 2018. Results: The results indicate that the spatial distribution of marathon events in China is negatively correlated with …

Development Of Inhalable Nano-Lipid Carriers For The Treatment Of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Using Hot Melt Extrusion Technology, Gauri Shadambikar

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: I am Gauri Shadambikar, second year PhD. student in department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery. Pulmonary Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold and can have serious effects on patients with a weak immune system or with underlying lung disease1. Itraconazole, a triazole is a compound with a broad antifungal spectrum. 2. An inhalation-based drug delivery system has the advantage of rapid onset of action directly at the site of infection along with controlled and prolonged delivery. 3. Hence the aim of my project was to prepare inhalable nano-lipid carriers (NLC) which would be a viable …

A Comparison Of Variability Between Absolute And Relative Blood Flow Restriction Pressures, Daphney Stanford

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Daphney Stanford and I am a first-year doctoral student with good standing in the Health and Kinesiology graduate program. For my Graduate Student Council project we plan to apply blood flow restriction to the upper arm and compare the change in blood flow for three different restrictive pressures.

Intellectual Merit: Currently, blood flow restriction research emphasizes the importance of using a restriction pressure relative to the individual instead of an absolute pressure (e.g. 100 mmHg). To make pressure relative to the individual, the minimum pressure necessary to occlude blood flow is measured and a percentage of …

Assessment Of Underlying Neurocircuitry In Dysregulation Of The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Stress Axis In Hiv-1 Tat Male Mice, Salahuddin Mohammed

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Salahuddin Mohammed, a 2nd year PhD graduate student from Dr. Jason Paris’ Lab. My research dissertation focuses on investigating the neuroendocrine underpinnings of HIV-and opioid-mediated anxiety-/depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment via experiments utilizing humans and animal models. Through this work I strive to delineate the underlying mechanism for the neuroHIV symptomology and develop novel therapeutic agents which can ameliorate HIV-1 mediated Tat-neurotoxicity. Approximately 50% of the HIV infected patients suffer from HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) which can be exacerbated by drug use/abuse. Some neuroHIV symptoms include anxiety, major depressive disorder, neurocognitive impairment, and additional psychiatric …

How Is Sarracenia Alata Affected By Fire And Prey Capture?, Jalen Holloway

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Jalen Holloway, and I am working toward the completion of my Master’s degree in Biological Science. Since my time as an undergraduate, I have been interested in plant life, and I seek to further that curiosity in an academic setting. I am a first-year graduate student, and my project is focused on understanding how nutrient limitation of growth, survival, or reproduction in a carnivorous plant is affected by prey capture and fire.

Intellectual Merit: The findings of this project will be crucial in understanding if nitrogen and/or phosphorus reduces nutrient limitations for Sarracenia alata. Also, the …

Mechanisms Of Competitive Effects Of An Invasive Grass On Native Vegetation In A Restored Upland Mississippi Forest, Griffin Williams

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Griffin Williams, and I am a second year PhD student studying plant ecology in the Biology Department. My research focuses on forest restoration through the reintroduction of fire by prescribed burnings and the management of invasive plants in North Mississippi upland forests. Open oak woodlands in Mississippi are a historically fire maintained ecosystem, where fires were important in regulating the growth of a forest. These fires, a beneficial disturbance in maintaining the fire adapted ecosystem, can have negative side effects, in that they can sometimes increase the spread and dominance of invasive plants. I will focus …

Synthesis Of Fluoroflavonoids As Potential Antioxidant Against Alzheimer’S Disease., Maali Alshammari

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: Maali Alshammari joined the lab of Professor David A. Colby in spring of 2017; she's currently a third-year Ph.D. student in medicinal chemistry in the graduate program in the Department of BioMolecular Sciences at the University of Mississippi. Maali's project involves the syntheses of fluoroflavones to improve the potency of the antioxidant activity of the original non-fluorinated flavones. The fluoroflavones will potentially be used as neuroprotective agents to prevent the toxic effect of ROS and used to prevent neurogenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Intellectual Merit: We are in need of medications that prevent Alzheimer's disease or even reverse its damage; …

Development Of Itraconazole Topical Formulation In Skin Cancer Treatment, Praveen Kolimi

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: I, Praveen Kolimi, pursuing a first-year graduate program at the department of pharmaceutics and drug delivery. This Graduate Student Council (GSC) grant proposal focus on topical application of Itraconazole (ICZ) in skin cancer treatment.

Intellectual Merit: 5.4 million skin cancer cases are reported each year in the United States. A study disclosed that one among five Americans are likely to develop skin cancer in their entire life. 9. Skin cancer can be distinguished into two types, malignant melanoma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) 1, 8. NMSC further classified into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)8, …

The Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 In Specific Brain Cells Following Ischemia, Cellas Hayes

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Cellas Ari’ka Hayes, and I am a first-year graduate student in the School of Pharmacy Department of BioMolecular Sciences. I am pursuing a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences with an emphasis in Pharmacology. My project will assess the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), an anabolic polypeptide on the damage caused by ischemic stroke including glial cell death, neuronal tress, infarct size, neurological deficits, and behavioral changes.

Intellectual Merit: Ischemia is one of the largest causes of neurological deficits that in elderly individuals in the United States [1]. Since our life expectancy has increased concurrently without predispositions to …

Α-Tocopherol Succinate Nanostructured Lipid Carriers For The Ocular Delivery Of The Anti-Neoplastic Agent, Sushrut Marathe

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of the retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. The treatment options of RB has been limited to enucleation, external beam radiotherapy, episcleral plaque radiotherapy and cryotherapy. α-Tocopherol succinate(αTS), has been proven to an effective apoptogenic agent. It can enhance the efficiency of the anticancer agent1. Paclitaxel (Ptx) is a potent chemo agent and is widely used in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, clinical use of Paclitaxelis limited by systemic toxicity, rapid clearance and resistance 2,3.The formulation of paclitaxel poses the …

A Practical Method For Assessing Lip Compression Strengthening In Healthy Adults, Takashi Abe, Zachary W. Bell, Vickie Wong, Robert W. Spitz, Ricardo B. Viana, Yujiro Yamada, Raksha N. Chatakondi, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. There is no practical and accessible assessment method to evaluate lip muscle compression strength. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the standard method (i.e., Iowa Oral Performance Instrument) and a practical method in healthy adults. In order to achieve our research purpose, ninety-eight healthy adults (18-40 years) completed lip compression strength measurements (standard method) and lip grasping performance tests using a standard recyclable plastic water bottle (practical method). In the overall sample, the mean and standard deviation for standard method and practical method was 26.7 (7.0) kPa and 255 (119) …

Hypothesized Mechanisms Through Which Exercise May Attenuate Memory Interference, Lindsay K. Crawford, Hong Li, Liye Zou, Gao Xia Wei, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In this paper we introduce a mechanistic model through which exercise may enhance episodic memory, specifically via attenuating proactive and retroactive memory interference. We discuss the various types of memory, different stages of memory function, review the mechanisms behind forgetting, and the mechanistic role of exercise in facilitating pattern separation (to attenuate memory interference).

The Impact Of Mind-Body Exercises On Motor Function, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life In Parkinson’S Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Xiaohu Jin, Lin Wang, Shijie Liu, Lin Zhu, Paul Dinneen Loprinzi, Xin Fan

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Yoga, and Health Qigong) on motor function (UPDRS, Timed-Up-and-Go, Balance), depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) of Parkinson’s patients (PD). Methods: Through computer system search and manual retrieval, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and CQVIP were used. Articles were retrieved up to the published date of June 30, 2019. Following the Cochrane Collaboration System Evaluation Manual (version 5.1.0), two researchers independently evaluated the quality and bias risk of each article, including 22 evaluated articles. …