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Microbial Community Responses To Salinification: Applications In Climate Change And Extreme Environments, Eric Weingarten
Microbial Community Responses To Salinification: Applications In Climate Change And Extreme Environments, Eric Weingarten
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sediment microbial community responses to elevated salinity are important in predicting the effects of sea level rise as well as in understanding those communities that can thrive in extreme environments. In this dissertation, I use natural and field experiments to investigate how salinity influences microbiome structure in coastal wetlands. Through the use of amplicon sequencing, I demonstrate that there are compositional differences between the microbiota of four wetland salinity classes: limnetic, oligohaline, mesohaline, and polyhaline. These results were reciprocated in a microcosm study exposing freshwater sediment to meso- and polyhaline conditions, showing that communities shifted proportionally to the magnitude of …
Effectiveness Of An Educational Intervention To Reduce Ageism In Undergraduate Students In An Entry-Level Nutrition Class, Ann Irvin Armstrong
Effectiveness Of An Educational Intervention To Reduce Ageism In Undergraduate Students In An Entry-Level Nutrition Class, Ann Irvin Armstrong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Although the older adult population continues to increase, ageism remains an issue in the healthcare system and is prevalent among nutrition-related professionals. The aim of our study is to is determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention to reduce ageism among pre-healthcare professionals including Nutrition major students. Undergraduate students enrolled in an entry-level nutrition class were recruited and randomized into an intervention (INT) group (n=30) and a control (CON) group (n=29). The online educational intervention consisted of pre-recorded lectures and videos regarding ageism and myths regarding aging for the INT group, and on cultural competency and biases (other than ageism) …
Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon
Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The selection pressure of predation has encouraged the development of defense traits that can make an individual species more environmentally stable. In addition to biotic pressures, abiotic factors could lead to disruption of predator-prey balance within ecosystems. Consequently, it is significant to better understand how environmental factors can influence predator-prey interactions and how responses may, in turn, affect communities. A current challenge within microbial communities is to understand which intraspecific traits associated with such defense strategies are important for microbial-prey responses to predation, and how the responses vary across environments revealing GxE interactions. In this study, I examined microbial-predator prey …
Describing The Gut Microbiome Of Amblema Plicata, Lauren Lawson
Describing The Gut Microbiome Of Amblema Plicata, Lauren Lawson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Freshwater mussels are important for nutrient cycling and ecosystem health, as they filter feed on their surrounding water column. This form of feeding makes these bivalves especially sensitive to conditions in their environment. Gut microbial communities (microbiomes) have been recognized as important to both host organism and ecosystem health; however, how microbiomes are organized and influenced is still unclear. In this study, the gut microbiomes of 58 individuals of the freshwater mussel Amblema plicata were compared across two river basins, five rivers, and nine sites in the southeastern USA. Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria were the most common phyla within all …
How Do Prey Capture And Simulated Fire Affect Growth And Nutrient Limitation In A Carnivorous Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia Alata?, Jalen Christopher Holloway
How Do Prey Capture And Simulated Fire Affect Growth And Nutrient Limitation In A Carnivorous Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia Alata?, Jalen Christopher Holloway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Carnivorous plants are defined as being able to benefit from the nutrients of prey in the environment, and have at least one trait that either retrieves, ingests, or lures a prey to its traps. The association of carnivorous plants with fire-prone habitats was initially described as a paradox, considering that carnivorous plants are often associated with nutrient-poor soils and fires can increase soil nutrient availability. This apparent paradox assumes, however, that the nutrients that increase in availability following fire are those also provided by prey, which might not be true. In habitats with nitrogen-poor soils, fire has been shown to …
A Perspective On Fungal-Algal Symbioses Through Comparative Dual-Transcriptomics Of "Franken-Lichen" Tissues And "Microbial Speed-Dating" Assays, Michael Clear
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mutualistic symbioses are ubiquitous and among one of the most crucial biological interactions. Some of the most iconic examples are fungal-photoautotroph mutualisms such as lichens, mycorrhizal-plant, and endophytic fungal-plant symbioses. Yet little is understood about the earliest origins of such microbial mutualisms, and more precisely, how they relate to the origin of land plants. The study of the evolution of fungal-photoautotroph symbioses is often limited to comparative genomic techniques due to the few genetic tools available for studying extant interactions. Recent work suggests that extant fungal-plant interactions have their origins in fungal-algal associations.In Chapter 1, I review the evolution of …
Visual Tracking Speed And Soccer Performance Metrics, Julia Paige Phillips
Visual Tracking Speed And Soccer Performance Metrics, Julia Paige Phillips
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Visual training has previously been shown to correlate to sport specific level of training and sport specific performance measures in controlled conditions. However, it remains unclear if these relationships exist between visual tracking thresholds and in competition decision making metrics over the duration of a soccer season. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual tracking speed (VTS) baseline scores and soccer-specific performance measures. In total, 19 NCAA Division I soccer players were tested before the 2021 spring soccer season, after exclusionary criteria only 13 were utilized for analysis. VTS was measured from 1-core session …
Psychometric Evaluation Of Memory And Concentration Sections In The Standardized Assessment Of Concussion, Seungho Ryu
Psychometric Evaluation Of Memory And Concentration Sections In The Standardized Assessment Of Concussion, Seungho Ryu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to evaluate validate the memory and concentration sections of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) from the SCAT5. Two studies were conducted. The first study examined item difficulty and discrimination using 10 new word lists of 3 versions in the immediate memory section using item analysis based on classical test theory and to equate scores earned on different versions of 10 word lists using test equating methods. The second evaluated the validity of digits backwards in the concentration section, and evaluated current and new scoring methods for the digit backwards. Two hundred young adults …
Diversification In The Neotropics – Evolution And Population Genetics Of The Armored Catfish Hypancistrus Sp. From The Xingu River, Marcella Goncalves Santos
Diversification In The Neotropics – Evolution And Population Genetics Of The Armored Catfish Hypancistrus Sp. From The Xingu River, Marcella Goncalves Santos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Xingu River, one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon River, is currently in peril due to the recent construction of hydroelectric dams, but little is known about the numerous fish species it supports. This dissertation focuses on three pleco catfish species belonging to the genus Hypancistrus from the Xingu River with partially overlapping distributions: H. zebra, H. sp. (L174), and H. sp. (L66/333). Chapter 1 is a bibliographic review of Amazonian freshwater fish diversity, with the goal of discussing the hypotheses of speciation mechanisms that can be tested in this system, including the relative importance of ecological adaptation …
The Independent And Combined Effects Of Hypoxia And Tributyltin On The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Ann Fairly Barnett
The Independent And Combined Effects Of Hypoxia And Tributyltin On The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Ann Fairly Barnett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Oysters are vital to the health of estuarine ecosystems and provide critical ecosystem services, such as water quality improvement, nursery habitat for commercially important fisheries, and shoreline stabilization. Despite their ecological and economic importance, oyster reefs are exposed to many stressors, and oyster populations in Mississippi have declined dramatically in recent years. The present study focuses on the effects of hypoxia and tributyltin (TBT) on the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Hypoxic events are increasingly comin coastal ecosystems worldwide, and TBT is a legacy toxicant once used as an antifoulant. The effects of these stressors were assessed on adult oysters deployed …
The Evolution Of Coral Snake Mimicry, Renan Janke Bosque
The Evolution Of Coral Snake Mimicry, Renan Janke Bosque
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Scientists have regarded mimicry as one of the most amazing examples of the power of natural selection. Early observations by naturalists of the mimetic association between venomous New World coral snakes of the genus Micrurus and harmless mimics has stimulated an intense debate about the causes and consequences of mimicry that persists today. Despite its medical, evolutionary and historical importance our understanding of evolution within the genus Micrurus is negligible. My dissertation explores the evolution of mimicry within South American coral snakes and their mimics using a multi-scale framework involving macroevolutionary (Chapter I), geographic/morphological concordance (Chapters II and III), behavioral …
Do Individual Responses To Resistance Exercise Exist To An Extent That Can Be Detected Beyond That Of Measurement Error/Random Biological Variability?, Scott J. Dankel
Do Individual Responses To Resistance Exercise Exist To An Extent That Can Be Detected Beyond That Of Measurement Error/Random Biological Variability?, Scott J. Dankel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Millions of dollars are spent analyzing inter-individual differences in response to resistance exercise, but the lack of a non-exercise control group means they may simply be examining random error. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are inter-individual differences in response to two distinct resistance exercise protocols. Participants (n=151) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups as follows: (1) a traditional exercise group performing 4 sets to failure with a load that could be lifted 8-12 times; (2) a one-repetition maximum (1RM) training group performing a 1RM test each visit; and (3) a non-exercise control group. …
The Effect Of Magnesium Supplementation On Physical Performance Of Collegiate Football Players, Shannon Marie Boguth
The Effect Of Magnesium Supplementation On Physical Performance Of Collegiate Football Players, Shannon Marie Boguth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mg supplementation can maximize energy stores for exercise, decrease indicators of inflammation, and increase the rate of lactate clearance. While these functions of Mg can benefit exercise capabilities, research is lacking on their effects on specific performance parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine if Mg supplementation would increase performance parameters in NCAA Division-I football players. Eighty-one participants were separated into position groups and randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo, low dose of Mg (100 mg), or high dose of Mg (200 mg). Participants completed a pre- and post-test for performance parameters that included 1RM clean, 1RM …
Continuous Production Of Raloxifene Hydrochloride Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology, Derick Muhindo
Continuous Production Of Raloxifene Hydrochloride Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology, Derick Muhindo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study was to utilize a continuous process for the production of Raloxifene Hydrochloride (RX-HCl) loaded NLC formulations for extended drug release using hot-melt extrusion technology coupled with probe sonication, and also to evaluate the in vitro characteristics of the prepared NLCs by particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro drug release profile. Preparation of the NLCs using HME technology involved two main steps, first formation of a pre-emulsion after extrusion and then size reduction of the pre-emulsion using probe sonication to obtain the NLCs. Process parameters for the extrusion process like …
Extended Adolescence: The Ecology And Endocrinology Of Facultative Paedomorphosis, Jason R. Bohenek
Extended Adolescence: The Ecology And Endocrinology Of Facultative Paedomorphosis, Jason R. Bohenek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phenotypic plasticity is an adaptation to unpredictable environments whereby an organism of a single genotype may express more than one phenotype under differing environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity can manifest as polyphenisms, which is an extreme form of phenotypic plasticity that produces two or more discrete, alternative phenotypes. The expression of alternative phenotypes is controlled by biotic and abiotic environmental factors, which variably affect the strength and direction of phenotypic outcomes. Using a model polyphenic salamander, I sought to understand the ecological and hormonal processes that regulate alternative phenotype expression. The mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) and eastern newt ( …
Cultural Influences On Body Size Ideals Among African American Women In The Mississippi Delta, Lois Marie Coleman
Cultural Influences On Body Size Ideals Among African American Women In The Mississippi Delta, Lois Marie Coleman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Results: One-on-one interviews yielded 25 cognitive maps. The maps contained a total of 169 concepts with 294 connections among them. The lowest number of variables identified on a participant’s map was 4 and the highest was 11. The lowest number of connections made on a participant’s map was 4 and the highest was 39. Through qualitative condensing and matrix addition, the 169 concepts were used to create 27 variables with 134 connections. Feedback from focus group participants resulted in the addition of 3 variables and 9 connections.
Healthy Eating Opportunities And Choices For University Faculty, Selby Rebecca Entrekin
Healthy Eating Opportunities And Choices For University Faculty, Selby Rebecca Entrekin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
College food environments can be obesogenic settings due to the availability of fast food restaurants and buffet style cafeteria’s accessible to the university community. These environments often foster eating behaviors that can contribute to rising obesity rates in the United States. The aim of this study was to identify university faculty’s perceptions of the campus food environment and access to healthy foods. Investigated were barriers to making healthy food choices on campus and strategies ion how to provide and encourage better food choices. Questions were developed to identify barriers, perceptions, and solutions to improve the healthy eating environment on campus. …
Pharmacokinetic Study Of Novel Anthraquinone Analogues, Yuhan Guo
Pharmacokinetic Study Of Novel Anthraquinone Analogues, Yuhan Guo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Small molecules functioning as negative regulators of MDM2 have been considered as promising anti-cancer agents. A series of novel anthraquinone (AQ) analogues upregulate p53, a well-known tumor suppressor, by inactivating its antagonist protein MDM2. The novel AQ compounds synthesized through the modifications on the rhein scaffold were reported to have successfully arrested tumor growth. To have a better understanding of their underlying metabolism in vivo, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed for the AQ compounds. A selective, accurate and reproducible assay methodology for PK study was set up for each AQ compound. The stabilities of AQ compounds were then evaluated …
Food Insecurity And Produce Behaviors Of Adults With Children In Rural, Appalachian Mississippi, Tiffany Shirley
Food Insecurity And Produce Behaviors Of Adults With Children In Rural, Appalachian Mississippi, Tiffany Shirley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adults living in food insecure households consume fewer fruits and vegetables than adults living in food secure households (Hanson & Connor, 2014). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in fruit and vegetable behaviors (intakes; perceptions) of parents of elementary school children by food security status (food secure compared to food insecure; fully food secure compared to not fully food secure) in rural, Appalachian Mississippi. A cross-sectional survey of parents (n=1144) recruited from three elementary schools in rural, Appalachian Mississippi utilized validated measures of produce behaviors: 1) fruit, vegetable, and total produce intakes; 2) perceived benefits of barriers …
Stabilization Of Dna I-Motif Structures By 7-Aminoactinomycin D, An Anti-Tumor Drug, Justin Lane Parmely
Stabilization Of Dna I-Motif Structures By 7-Aminoactinomycin D, An Anti-Tumor Drug, Justin Lane Parmely
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alternative DNA structures are likely to form from Watson-Crick B-form DNA when antitumor drug known to bind DNA loops -- can affect the iM structure. Our results demonstrate as an i-motif (iM). While both structures are known to exist in vivo they are energetically uphill can utilize intercalating cytosine-cytosine base pairing to form a four-stranded structure known controlled by alternative DNA structures like G4s and iMs. especially during processes that involve superhelical duress. A guanosine rich strand can form a facilitate their stabilization. In this report we present data on how 7-aminoactinomycin D -- an formation. Earlier it was believed …
Application And Refinement Of Molecular Ecology Techniques For Amphibian Conservation, Stephanie Marie Burgess
Application And Refinement Of Molecular Ecology Techniques For Amphibian Conservation, Stephanie Marie Burgess
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wildlife conservation has become increasingly difficult due to habitat loss habitat fragmentation and land use change. Thus conservationists have embraced advances in molecular ecology such as landscape genetics and microbial bioinformatics that employ genetic techniques to further understand the relationship between individuals and their environment. In landscape genetics model inferences can be used to identify features that facilitate or resist gene flow providing a framework for anticipating the impacts of land use changes on a species’ ability to disperse. However the factors that affect the transferability of landscape genetics inferences are poorly understood and little is known about the effect …
The Influence Of Site Connectivity On Zooplankton Assemblage Dynamics Within The Lower Mississippi River Floodplain, Jarrod Sackreiter
The Influence Of Site Connectivity On Zooplankton Assemblage Dynamics Within The Lower Mississippi River Floodplain, Jarrod Sackreiter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Zooplankton are important components of the food web of such lotic systems. Although capable of motility, they are weak swimmers and their distribution and community composition across a floodplain is strongly affected by patterns of water flow and hydrologic connectivity. However, there has been little research on the zooplankton dynamics of large rivers, such as the Lower Mississippi River (LMR). From morphological identification of zooplankton across the connectivity gradient, I assessed the degree to which hydrologic connectivity acts as an explanatory factor influencing spatial and temporal variation in zooplankton assemblage structure. Second, I compared the use of morphological identification to …
Developing Zebrafish As An In Vivo Model To Screen Compounds For Anti-Cancer Activity In Human Breast Cancer, Trisha Dhawan
Developing Zebrafish As An In Vivo Model To Screen Compounds For Anti-Cancer Activity In Human Breast Cancer, Trisha Dhawan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer; 1:8 women are at risk of developing BC in her lifetime. Cancer metastasis causes the majority of deaths in BC patients. Moreover, side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs (TCD) impair the quality of life of these patients. Discovery and development of safe and effective new therapies is imperative for the treatment of BC and targeting metastasis. The goal herein is to further expand the applicability of in vivo xenotransplantation of human BC cells in transgenic zebrafish to screen potential chemotherapeutics for toxicity and efficacy. For xenotransplantation, MCF-7, BT-474, and MDA-MB-231 BC …
The Role Of Dunc13 In Ethanol Tolerance, Yusuke Wachi
The Role Of Dunc13 In Ethanol Tolerance, Yusuke Wachi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Although the effects of ethanol on presynaptic activity have been studied, the molecular mechanisms and the changes in gene expression which are responsible for inducing ethanol tolerance are unclear. Munc13-1 is an active-zone protein that is essential for presynaptic vesicle fusion. This protein interacts with vesicle fusion machinery at presynaptic active zones in the mammalian brain. The C1 domain of Munc13-1 binds diacylglycerol (DAG), which helps membrane localization of this protein and promotes vesicle fusion, facilitating synaptic vesicle release. Previously, it was shown that ethanol binds to the C1 domain of Munc13-1 in vitro at concentrations below 100 mM (Das …
Variations In The Dragonfly Microbiome Through Life Stages And Its Ability To Harbor Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Sarah Russell
Variations In The Dragonfly Microbiome Through Life Stages And Its Ability To Harbor Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Sarah Russell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Juvenile dragonflies (nymphs) may possess the ability to pass their microbiome to the adult life stage through metamorphosis. If this is so, the environment in which the nymph develops may have an effect on the adult microbiome. In this study, the gut microbiomes of 13 species of dragonfly were compared across life stages and when collected from environments at different levels of urbanization. The gut of each dragonfly was removed, DNA extracted, and a portion of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplified and sequenced. Gut suspensions were also plated on antibiotic amended plates to determine the potential for dragonflies to …
Analysis Of Brevundimonas Subvibrioides Developmental Signaling Systems Reveals Unexpected Differences Between Phenotypes And C-Di-Gmp Levels, Lauryn Anne Sperling
Analysis Of Brevundimonas Subvibrioides Developmental Signaling Systems Reveals Unexpected Differences Between Phenotypes And C-Di-Gmp Levels, Lauryn Anne Sperling
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The DivJ-DivK-PleC signaling system of Caulobacter crescentus is a signaling network that regulates polar development and the cell cycle. This system is conserved in closely related bacteria, including the sister genus Brevundimonas. Previous studies had shown unexpected phenotypic differences between the C. crescentus divK mutant and the analogous mutant of Brevundimonas subvibrioides, but further characterization was not performed. Here, phenotypic assays analyzing motility, adhesion, and pilus production (the latter characterized by a newly discovered bacteriophage) revealed that divJ and pleC mutants have mostly similar phenotypes as their C. crescentus homologs, but divK mutants maintain largely opposite phenotypes than …
A Mechanistic Study Of The Teratogenic Potential Of 4-O-Methylhonokiol (Mh) On Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes), Santu Kumar Singha
A Mechanistic Study Of The Teratogenic Potential Of 4-O-Methylhonokiol (Mh) On Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes), Santu Kumar Singha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An additional goal of this project was to characterize the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to unravel the adverse potential of MH on the cardiovascular system (CVS). Our study suggested that MH-mediated cardiovascular injury may be caused due to upregulation of some major components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through expression of excessive pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover MH decreased expression of ErbB3 and NRG-2 suggesting impaired cardiac structure. MH exposure caused a slow heartbeat blood occlusion absence of blood circulation decreased hatching efficiency and increased mortality in medaka embryos in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. MH might cause blood vessel occlusion by increasing the …
An Experimental Test Of Controls On Resource Exchange In An Ectomycorrhizal Mutualism, Amber Lynn Horning
An Experimental Test Of Controls On Resource Exchange In An Ectomycorrhizal Mutualism, Amber Lynn Horning
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Models of resource exchange mutualisms utilize economic principles to explain how the costs and benefits of these interactions vary with environmental context. All of these models use a ratio of resource exchange (e.g., nitrogen: carbon) as the central variable, and it is unclear whether such exchange ratios predict outcomes of mutualisms in natural systems. Corrêa et al. (2008) hypothesized instead that the absolute flux of the most limiting nutrient, rather than the ratio of the two exchanged resources, best explains the benefits of resource exchange mutualisms. To distinguish between these two competing hypotheses, we measured resource transfers, and their ratios, …
Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley
Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A Caribbean octocoral colony is an assemblage of the octocoral host, dinoflagellate algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), bacteria and other microbes, together functioning as meta-organism (holobiont). Even though octocorals dominate many Caribbean reefs, compared to scleractinian corals, little is known about their biology under ambient or potentially stressful conditions. Of the nine species of octocorals (gorgonian corals, Order: Alcyonacea) studied, each had significantly different polyp behaviors, biochemical compositions, Symbiodiniaceae parameters, isotopic signatures, in addition to hosting distinct microbial assemblages. We identified multiple Symbiodiniaceae species (Breviolum minutum, Breviolum B41, Breviolum B1a and Breviolum B1i), inhabiting the gorgonians. These symbioses were temporally and …
The Impact Of A Fruit And Vegetable Intervention On School Cafeteria Fruit And Vegetable Selection And Consumption In A Rural, Appalachian Mississippi Elementary School, Michelle Weber
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fruit and vegetable intake for children in the United States is low, which puts them at risk for poor health in the future. The National School Lunch Program meal pattern and nutrition standards for participating schools include increased fruits and vegetables, compared to previous standards. Using a pretest-posttest design, this study examined the effect of a fruit and vegetable intervention on fruit and vegetable food selection and consumption in a rural, Appalachian Mississippi elementary school. A six-week intervention (nutrition education, cafeteria tastings, fruit and vegetables for home usage/backpack program) was implemented. The unannounced fruit and vegetable selection and waste measurements …