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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
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Identification, Characterization, And Life Cycle Of Intein-Associated Homing Endonucleases, Joshua J. Skydel
Identification, Characterization, And Life Cycle Of Intein-Associated Homing Endonucleases, Joshua J. Skydel
Honors Scholar Theses
Inteins are molecular parasites that have been identified in unicellular organisms from the three domains of life. The intein self-excises following translation of the host gene, and therefore incurs a fitness cost for its carrier. The symbiotic state of the intein to its host is dependent on the presence or absence of a homing endonuclease domain, which facilitates horizontal transfer of the molecule. Identification of this domain provides information on the evolutionary history of the intein, as well as patterns of horizontal gene transfer in microbial communities. I have therefore developed Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to identify homing endonuclease domains …
A Preliminary Study On The Role Of Enhancer Of Flavonoid Production (Efp) In Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Jia Guo
A Preliminary Study On The Role Of Enhancer Of Flavonoid Production (Efp) In Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Jia Guo
Honors Scholar Theses
Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological roles ranging from pathogen protection, pigment intensity, antioxidant effects, and even prevention from cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Because of the diverse and beneficial functions that flavonoids have, the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway has been well studied. Recently, a gene called the Enhancer of Flavonoid Production (EFP) was discovered when mutations in this gene caused the Japanese morning glory flowers to exhibit a pale-colored phenotype. Although EFP is known to increase flavonoid production, the direct mechanism to how EFP enhances enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway has yet to be discovered. It …
Programming Heart Disease: Does Poor Maternal Nutrition Alter Expression Of Cardiac Markers Of Proliferation, Hypertrophy, And Fibrosis In Offspring?, Cathy Chun
Honors Scholar Theses
Maternal malnutrition can affect fetal organogenesis, metabolic processes, and factors involved in developmental regulation. Of the many physiological effects poor maternal nutrition can induce in offspring, one of the most important organs affected is the heart. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with poor maternal diet. It also been suggested that hypertension can originate during impaired intrauterine growth and development. Hypertension can trigger hypertensive heart disease and is associated with numerous heart complications. We hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition would alter critical growth factors associated with normal heart development, specifically, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, transforming growth factor (TGF)β, and connective …
Contribution Of Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius Strains K12 And M18 To Oral Health In Humans: A Review, Turner A. Stowik
Contribution Of Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius Strains K12 And M18 To Oral Health In Humans: A Review, Turner A. Stowik
Honors Scholar Theses
The overgrowth and disequilibrium of pathogenic microorganism species both native and non-native to the oral cavity can manifest into a variety of different oral diseases, pathologies, and afflictions in humans, including dental caries, gingivitis, pharyngitis, halitosis, and oral candidiasis. Two bacterial strains with clinically-significant probiotic applications in curtailing the pathogenic bacterial growth involved in these conditions are Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 and Streptococcus salivarius strain M18. To summarize the most up-to-date in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research findings, administration of these S. salivarius strains typically in the form of probiotic lozenges results in colonization, reduction in inflammatory measures, …
The Efficacy Of Zinc And Manganese In Controlling Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Wound Infections In Vitro, Patrick B. Lau
The Efficacy Of Zinc And Manganese In Controlling Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Wound Infections In Vitro, Patrick B. Lau
Honors Scholar Theses
The emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Stapylococcus aureus has triggered an increased interest in finding alternative natural antimicrobials to control the pathogen and combat growing antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of two naturally occurring essential minerals, zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) on MRSA for potential application in wound infections. The sub inhibitory concentration (SIC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Zn and Mn against MRSA were determined. The effect of MIC and 2x MIC of Zn and Mn in increasing MRSA susceptibility to oxacillin, and the effect of SIC and MIC of these minerals on MRSA cell adherence and …
Development Of Vip-Sst Interneuron Associations In Mouse Neocortex And Entorhinal Cortex, Aayushi A. Mehta
Development Of Vip-Sst Interneuron Associations In Mouse Neocortex And Entorhinal Cortex, Aayushi A. Mehta
Honors Scholar Theses
Cortical networks depend upon inhibition through the neurotransmitter GABA to control and coordinate specific spatiotemporal circuit patterns, underlying the exquisite complexity of neural signaling. Disinhibition, a form of inhibition where inhibitory neurons inhibit other inhibitory cells, further aids in amplifying local neural processing in a selective, organized manner. A subset of GABAergic interneurons, vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) cells, preferentially inhibit somatostatin interneurons, which provide inhibitory input onto pyramidal cells, thus creating an archetypal circuit illustrating disinhibition in the cortex. The aim of this anatomical study was to investigate variations in GABAergic VIP synapses onto somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in mice at …
Characterization Of Induced Rnai Silencing Of Vaccinia Virus Essential Genes, Kewa Jiang
Characterization Of Induced Rnai Silencing Of Vaccinia Virus Essential Genes, Kewa Jiang
Honors Scholar Theses
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus and the prototypical member of the family Poxviridae and is most notable for its use as the vaccine that eradicated smallpox (variola virus). More recently, VACV has been used to develop recombinant vaccines and immunotherapies. However, many of these processes require VACV replication to be tightly controlled. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for in vitro silencing of mRNAs that are complementary to 19-21 base pairs (bp) of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This project outlines the design and preliminary analysis of two inducible RNAi silencing constructs targeting multiple VACV essential genes …
Histological Verification Of Electrode Placement In Single Unit Recorded Rats, Dana Lew
Histological Verification Of Electrode Placement In Single Unit Recorded Rats, Dana Lew
Honors Scholar Theses
The hippocampus is a region of the brain which plays a major role in encoding spatial and episodic memory. The hippocampus is divided in to two main subregions, dorsal and ventral. These subregions are connected, but their functional organization remains widely unknown. Place cells are cells of the hippocampus which fire in a specific spatial area and help create a mental map of our surroundings. Place cells have been seen to remain constant during slight fluctuations in surroundings, but completely remap in response to large fluctuations in the environment. There is little known about the relatively few place cells in …
Intensive Sound Production Treatment For Apraxia Of Speech: An Analysis Of Error Consistency, Victoria M. Abolafia
Intensive Sound Production Treatment For Apraxia Of Speech: An Analysis Of Error Consistency, Victoria M. Abolafia
Honors Scholar Theses
In the past, clinicians have diagnosed acquired apraxia of speech based upon the presentation of an inconsistent error pattern. However, recent research studies have begun to suggest quite the contrary, pointing towards a consistent pattern of errors in the speech of those with apraxia. The present study utilized an intensive Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for a 51-year-old male with severe acquired apraxia of speech and moderate-severe aphasia. Treatment was administered over a period of five days per week, three hours a day, for two consecutive weeks. During this treatment, probes were gathered daily to evaluate the efficacy of the intensive …
How The U.S. Low-Fat Diet Recommendations Of 1977 Contributed To The Declining Health Of Americans, Julia Reedy
How The U.S. Low-Fat Diet Recommendations Of 1977 Contributed To The Declining Health Of Americans, Julia Reedy
Honors Scholar Theses
In 1977, the first edition of The Dietary Goals for the United States (“The Recommendations”) was published in attempts to reduce incidence of diet-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. While numerous dietary adjustments were recommended in order to improve health, fat was identified as the most instrumental factor. However there exist many confounders of The Recommendations, including Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT), fat from dairy products, eggs and the high-fat Mediterranean Diet. Nonetheless, the food industry made adjustments to acclimate to the anti-fat mentality The Recommendations initiated. Linoleic acid- (LA) rich soybean oil became heavily used, drastically altering the …
Predictors Of Litter Pollution In Suburban Parks, Ilanna Gibson
Predictors Of Litter Pollution In Suburban Parks, Ilanna Gibson
Honors Scholar Theses
Very few studies have been conducted that examine litter pollution in terrestrial habitats. Most pollution studies are directed toward marine environments. This study looks at the relationship between litter found in thirteen different suburban parks in Rockland County, NY and three separate socio-economic factors of the areas in which each of the parks are found. Using linear multiple regression models, the abundance of litter found in each park was compared to (a) the median income of the people in that specific area, (b) the median home value and (c) the number of environmental programs offered in that area. Results showed …
The Emergence Of The Zika, Chikungunya, And Dengue Viruses In Brazil, The Dominican Republic, And Puerto Rico, Nelson Xavier Del Pilar
The Emergence Of The Zika, Chikungunya, And Dengue Viruses In Brazil, The Dominican Republic, And Puerto Rico, Nelson Xavier Del Pilar
Honors Scholar Theses
The Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses are three emerging viral infections of the 21st century. Outbreaks have occurred in twenty countries, including areas of South America, and territories in the Caribbean. These viral diseases are mosquito-borne infections transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The origins of the diseases, viral morphology, and vector transmission will be described in this review as well as symptoms that humans experience, medical testing procedures, and preventative measures. This study will focus on three locations: Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. There are many similarities between the three viruses to emphasize, but …