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A Potential Nutraceutical From Leuconostoc Mesenteroides B-742 (Atcc 13146); Production And Properties, Chang-Ho Chung
A Potential Nutraceutical From Leuconostoc Mesenteroides B-742 (Atcc 13146); Production And Properties, Chang-Ho Chung
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
There is an emerging market for functional oligosaccharides for use in foods. Currently, technology for the production of oligosaccharides is limited to extraction from plant sources, acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides or synthesis by transglycosylation reactions. Oligosaccharides also can be produced using a Leuconostoc fermentation and restricting the polymer size by the addition of maltose. Maltose limits the dextransucrase reaction, yielding high concentrations of a-glucooligosaccharides. Branched oligomers produced by this process were found to be readily catabolized by bifidobacteria and lactobacillus but were not readily utilized by either Salmonella sp., or E. coli, pointing toward their use in intestinal …
Multidemensional Goals Of Farmers In The Beef Cattle An Dairy Industries, Aydin Basarir
Multidemensional Goals Of Farmers In The Beef Cattle An Dairy Industries, Aydin Basarir
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Farm firm decision making processes have long been of concern to agricultural economists. The concept of maximizing utility rather than profit is an important concept in multidimensional goal research. The prevalence of low or negative net returns in Louisiana beef and dairy production leads to the hypothesis that goals other than profit maximization compete strongly in producers' decisions. The objective of this study is to determine the hierarchy of goals that motivate beef and dairy producers and evaluate them in a multi-dimensional framework. Seven goals were evaluated in producer decision making: Maintain and Conserve Land, Maximize Profit, Increase Farm Size, …
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyl Transferase And Early Embryo Development, Michael Gerard Collins Ii
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyl Transferase And Early Embryo Development, Michael Gerard Collins Ii
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The objectives of the first experiment were to ascertain if there were any differences between two mouse areola and adipose tissue cell lines. These cell lines differed only in the presence or absence of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene. It was found that the cell lines were similar for all parameters. The objectives of the second experiment were to determine if the HPRT gene had an effect on the development of preimplantation mouse embryo. To test this transgenic mouse lines were created. The embryo sex and genotype ratio, the embryo diameter, and the embryo developmental patterns, using a Collin-Ryan …
Dynamic Econometric Modeling Of The U.S. Wheat Grain Market, Carlos Walter Robledo
Dynamic Econometric Modeling Of The U.S. Wheat Grain Market, Carlos Walter Robledo
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Structural-time series models have not gained much ground in commodity market modeling despite the overwhelming popularity of time series approaches in forecasting and dynamic analyses. This dissertation contributes by applying developments in seasonal cointegration and structural-time series analysis (e.g., Zellner and Palm (1974); Hsiao (1997); Lee (1992); Franses and Kunst (1999); Ghysels and Osborn, 2001) to the study of agricultural commodity markets. The focus is on three research themes. The first theme investigates the role of cointegration and seasonal cointegration for market data, an issue considered timely because most applications assume deterministic seasonal components. The second issue breaks new ground …
Vagal Modulation Of The Heart And Central Hemodynamics During Dynamic Handgrip Exercise And Forearm Occlusion Following Forearm Exercise Training, Heidi A. Kluess
Vagal Modulation Of The Heart And Central Hemodynamics During Dynamic Handgrip Exercise And Forearm Occlusion Following Forearm Exercise Training, Heidi A. Kluess
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose was to examine the cardiovascular response to an acute bout of handgrip exercise before and after non-dominant arm exercise training. 19 people participated in 16 sessions of exercise training and 16 participants acted as controls (age: 20±1yrs). Blood flow measurements were taken at rest and following 3-min of forearm occlusion (RHBF) using plethysmography. Pneumotachometer, ECG, and blood pressure data were continuously collected during three testing conditions (spontaneous breathing (SB1: 5min), handgrip exercise (0.5hz) at 60%MVC with 50mmHg of pressure on the arm (H60+50mmHg: 5 min), and forearm occlusion (FAO: 3min)). Data were analyzed for respiratory rate, mean R-R …
Effects Of High-Load Eccentric Exercise Training On Rat Soleus Muscle Myofibrillar Disruption Following One-Week Of Hindlimb Suspension Unloading And Subsequent Reloading, Rhonda Dianne Prisby
Effects Of High-Load Eccentric Exercise Training On Rat Soleus Muscle Myofibrillar Disruption Following One-Week Of Hindlimb Suspension Unloading And Subsequent Reloading, Rhonda Dianne Prisby
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Purpose: This investigation evaluated the effects of a high-load (50% body weight) eccentric exercise training protocol on reloading myofibrillar damage in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in rats following 7 days (d) of hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU). Methods: 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly stratified to four experimental groups; exercise + hindlimb suspension unloading (ExHSU), hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU), exercise (Ex) and control (C). The ExHSU and Ex groups underwent a high-load eccentric exercise protocol for ~2.5 weeks. Following exercise training, the ExHSU and HSU groups underwent 7 d of hindlimb suspension unloading and a subsequent 16-19 …
Tryptophan Requirements And The Effects Of Supplemental Tryptophan On Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, And Meat Quality In Nursery, Growing, And Finishing Pigs, Amy Christina Guzik
Tryptophan Requirements And The Effects Of Supplemental Tryptophan On Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, And Meat Quality In Nursery, Growing, And Finishing Pigs, Amy Christina Guzik
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This research was conducted to estimate the true digestible Trp (dTrp) requirements in nursery, growing, and late finishing pigs and the effects of supplemental Trp on physiology, behavior, and meat quality. Five experiments were conducted to estimate the dTrp requirement in nursery pigs. Using broken-line regression analysis, dTrp requirements were 0.21, 0.20, and 0.18% for Phase I (5.2 to 7.3 kg), II (6.3 to 10.2 kg), and III (10.3 to 15.7) nursery pigs. In addition, four experiments were conducted to estimate the dTrp requirements in growing and finishing pigs. Using broken-line regression analysis, the dTrp requirement of pigs weighing 30.9, …
Factors Affecting The Selection Of Business Arrangements By Hog Producers In The United States, Christopher Gazzara Davis
Factors Affecting The Selection Of Business Arrangements By Hog Producers In The United States, Christopher Gazzara Davis
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The structure of the U.S. hog industry is changing rapidly. U.S. hog farms have become smaller in number, larger in size and more specialized. This study examines the factors that influence the hog producer's choice among business arrangements offered in the U.S. hog industry. A national survey was mailed to 4,986 hog producers to determine these factors. The survey consisted of questions covering topics such as: production characteristics, autonomy, transaction costs, risk, social relationships, and demographics. A response rate of 21% was received from the mailed surveys. Four alternative business arrangements were used: independent production, cooperative farming, flat-fee contract, and …
A Game Theoretic Analysis Of U.S. Rice Exports Under Alternative Japanese And South Korean Policy Scenarios, Dae-Seob Lee
A Game Theoretic Analysis Of U.S. Rice Exports Under Alternative Japanese And South Korean Policy Scenarios, Dae-Seob Lee
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
As a result of the Uruguay Round (UR), the impact on the international rice market is profound. In addition, another round of the WTO trade negotiations has started and the impacts of potential policy changes on rice trade are unknown. The major U.S. benefit of the UR has been the access to the Japanese market. However, the U.S. share of this import market has been unstable and the share of Korean rice market is zero percent. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the potential implication of U.S. rice exports to Japan and Korea. The Japanese and Korean rice economies as …
Development Of Diagnostic Tools For Detecting Expression Of Resistance-Associated Esterases In The Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis Virescens (F.), Huazhang Huang
Development Of Diagnostic Tools For Detecting Expression Of Resistance-Associated Esterases In The Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis Virescens (F.), Huazhang Huang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Esterase-based metabolic resistance was studied using biochemical and biological assays with organophosphate (OP)- and pyrethroid (PYR)- resistant tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens. In biochemical assays, results suggest that: (1) esterase activities toward all substrates used were enhanced in both resistant strains compared with the susceptible strain, suggesting that esterases were involved in resistance; (2) esterase profiles differed depending on the strain and substrate used, and these differences were visualized by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 3) esterase activities toward some pyrethroid substrates were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the PYR-R strain than those in the OP-R strain. These results suggest …
Beef Producer Perferences For Various Livestock Revenue Protection Products: A Conjoint Approach, Deacue Fields Iii
Beef Producer Perferences For Various Livestock Revenue Protection Products: A Conjoint Approach, Deacue Fields Iii
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The federal government has recently approved legislation to develop revenue insurance products that are affordable and user-friendly for livestock producers. The features of the products will be the ultimate determinant of product acceptance among producers. The objective of the study was to determine the relative importance of livestock revenue insurance product attributes as well as to identify the characteristics of beef cattle producers who prefer certain levels of a given product attribute. Conjoint analysis was utilized to determine the importance of selected attributes. Conjoint Designer was used to develop eleven hypothetical insurance products from four attributes with three levels each. …
Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ecology On Genetically Engineered Bollgard And Bollgard Ii Cottons, Jeffrey Gore
Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ecology On Genetically Engineered Bollgard And Bollgard Ii Cottons, Jeffrey Gore
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The ecology of bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on Bollgard and Bollgard II cottons, Gossypium hirsutum L., was studied in field and laboratory experiments. Neonate bollworm larvae were placed on selected components of cotton squares and flowers from non-Bollgard, Bollgard, and Bollgard II cotton varieties. Larval survival was higher on flower anthers and square anthers than on other floral parts for each cultivar. Bollworm survival was lowest on all Bollgard II floral structures. To evaluate larval behavior on Bollgard cotton, first instar bollworms were placed on terminals of non-flowering and flowering cotton plants. Larvae were recovered lower on Bollgard cotton than …
Delayed Phytotoxicity Syndrome In Louisiana Rice Caused By The Use Of Thiobencarb Herbicide, Chiliang Chen
Delayed Phytotoxicity Syndrome In Louisiana Rice Caused By The Use Of Thiobencarb Herbicide, Chiliang Chen
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Thiobencarb (TB), widely used for the control of broadleaf weeds, grasses, and sedges in rice fields, is considered safe for rice plants when used at recommended rates. TB's reductive dechlorination product, dechlorinated thiobencarb (DTB), is highly toxic to rice. TB is naturally transformed into DTB in field soils in certain areas in Japan and the United States. The resultant syndrome is called delayed phytotoxicity syndrome (DPS). This research was conducted to characterize DPS in Louisiana, to compare the toxicity of TB and DTB to rice, to determine uptake and retention rates of TB and DTB by rice, to confirm that …
Screening And Characterization Of Pathogenic Fungi For Possible Control Of Coptotermes Formosanus, Jianzhong Sun
Screening And Characterization Of Pathogenic Fungi For Possible Control Of Coptotermes Formosanus, Jianzhong Sun
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Coptotermes formosanus was used as “bait” to isolate pathogenic fungi from soil. Fifteen pathogenic fungal isolates were obtained, all either Metarhizium anisopliae (six isolates) or Beauveria bassiana (nine isolates). There were no differences in numbers of fungal isolates from the three sampling locations. However, significantly more isolates were found in woodlands (eleven) than in pastures (four). Median lethal doses (LD50s) of these fungal species to C. formosanus were interspersed, indicating that fungal isolates rather than species had the greatest effect on virulence. In vitro growth characteristics were significantly correlated with virulence against termites, suggesting that fungal virulence might be predicted …
Superfetation In Beef Cattle, Joel Andrew Carter
Superfetation In Beef Cattle, Joel Andrew Carter
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Although superfetation has been reported in cattle and other species, there is considerable skepticism as to its existence due to the lack of clear evidence in these reports. Other explanations such as embryonic diapause or differential growth of twins have been suggested as more accurate descriptions of the cases reported as superfetation. The hypothesis of this study is that if a viable pregnancy can ensure maternal recognition in cattle, an asynchronous embryo can develop in a more chronologically advanced uterine environment. The objective was to produce superfetation by (1) ovulation induction and artificial insemination (AI) of pregnant cows and (2) …
Nutrient Profile, Functional Properties, And Microstructure Of Dried Waste Milk Products For Use As A Potential Animal Feed, Ronald I. Thompson
Nutrient Profile, Functional Properties, And Microstructure Of Dried Waste Milk Products For Use As A Potential Animal Feed, Ronald I. Thompson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of concentrating the wastewater of a butter/powder factory for use as an animal feed. Two concentrated products were evaluated: recovered milk product (RMP), which is the direct factory waste stream; and formulated recovered milk product (FRMP), which is a product made by combining RMP and separator de-sludge in a 3:1 ratio. Three pilot scale dryer systems were used to concentrate the product: a spray dryer, a roller dryer, and a pulse combustion dryer. Dried samples were analyzed for fat, moisture, protein, ash, nitrates, chloride, pH, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and amino acids. Values …
Adoption Of Best Management Practices In The Louisiana Dairy Industry, Noro C. Rahelizatovo
Adoption Of Best Management Practices In The Louisiana Dairy Industry, Noro C. Rahelizatovo
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The traditional view of the agricultural community as a good steward of the environment has been challenged by increasing concerns about the complex relationship between agricultural production activities and environmental quality. Agriculture provides a large range of products to satisfy human needs. It has also been singled out as major source of water pollution. Largely improved surface water quality has been assessed in the U.S. since the enactment of the Clean Water Act. However, efforts to reduce water pollution continue, targeting discharges from identifiable sources of water pollution and diffused discharges from nonpoint sources. Agricultural producers are encouraged to voluntarily …
Evaluation Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Transgenic Field Corn For Management Of Louisiana Corn Pests, Boris A. Castro
Evaluation Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Transgenic Field Corn For Management Of Louisiana Corn Pests, Boris A. Castro
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Efficacy of Bt corn hybrids expressing an insecticidal delta-endotoxin through different transformation events was evaluated in Louisiana. Efficacy levels were determined for southwestern corn borer (SWCB), Diatraea grandiosella Dyar; sugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.); corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); and fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Insect (neonates and third instars) susceptibility was evaluated on Bt and non-Bt corn plants (V6 and R1 stages) in field plots and plant tissue in laboratory studies. Bt corn hybrids with MON810 and CBH351 transformation events sustained significantly (P < 0.05) less injury caused by SWCB, SCB, and FAW during infestations at mid-whorl stage. SWCB, SCB, and CEW infestations during silking stage were significantly reduced in Bt hybrids with the MON810 event. However, CEW infestations …
Effects Of Fire Frequency And The Red Imported Fire Ant On Native Insects In A Louisiana Longleaf Pine Savanna, Deanna M. Colby
Effects Of Fire Frequency And The Red Imported Fire Ant On Native Insects In A Louisiana Longleaf Pine Savanna, Deanna M. Colby
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Ants and ground beetles were collected in pitfall traps from a longleaf pine savanna in the early stages of restoration. Insect abundance and species richness were compared among four treatment combinations of two fire frequencies and presence and absence of an exotic ant, Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant. Amdro® was used to suppress S. invicta. Fire treatments consisted of a single fire in a two year period or two fires in a two year period, one applied each year. Fires were applied late in the growing season both years. Ten of the 28 ground beetle species …
Production Of Transgenic Goats By Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Brett C. Reggio
Production Of Transgenic Goats By Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Brett C. Reggio
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
A series of experiments were conducted to produce transgenic goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT). In all experiments, donor cells were electrically fused to enucleated metaphase II oocytes, then chemically activated. In a preliminary study to evaluate embryonic development following NT with proliferating or quiescent fibroblast or cumulus cells, significantly more embryos reconstructed with quiescent cumulus cells fused (77%) compared with proliferating cumulus cells (41%), proliferating fibroblasts (36%) or quiescent fibroblasts (37%). Improved development to the eight- to sixteen-cell stage was observed when fibroblast cells were serum starved (serum starved 39% vs. serum fed 15%). However, there was no …
Endocrine And Reproductive Responses To Implants Of Deslorein Acetate In Horses, Carrie Ann Johnson
Endocrine And Reproductive Responses To Implants Of Deslorein Acetate In Horses, Carrie Ann Johnson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Four experiments were performed to study the effects of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog, deslorelin acetate (Ovuplant™), on endocrine and reproductive characteristics in mares. The first experiment tested whether anecdotal field reports of Ovuplant causing extended interovulatory intervals would be detectable under controlled, experimental conditions. The use of Ovuplant to hasten ovulation in 13 mares, compared to 12 controls, increased (P < 0.05) the interovulatory interval by 6.2 d and suppressed (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) for approximately 11 d. Two mares receiving Ovuplant did not return to estrus within 30 d. In the second experiment, 10 control mares and 10 mares induced to ovulate with Ovuplant were administered GnRH (50 μg) on d 1, 4, 7, and 10 after ovulation. Again, treated mares had a longer (4.4 d, P < 0.05) interovulatory interval and suppressed LH and FSH concentrations in daily plasma samples. The gonadotropin response to GnRH was lower (P < 0.05) in the deslorelin mares on d 1, 4, and 7, indicating a lack of pituitary responsiveness. In the third experiment, 9 stallions and 12 steroid-treated geldings were used to determine if males were potential models for studying the deslorelin-induced gonadotropin suppression. In both cases, treatment with Ovuplant caused an initial rise in both gonadotropins followed by suppression for about 14 d. In the last experiment, 21 mares were used to determine if multiple doses of deslorelin would cause complete ovarian shutdown. Mares received either sham injections, three Ovuplant implants on the first day, or one implant per day for 3 d (n = 7 per group). Treatment with multiple deslorelin implants increased (P < 0.05) the interovulatory interval by 14.8 d and suppressed LH and FSH concentrations for approximately 25 d, however no mares exhibited complete ovarian shutdown. In conclusion, deslorelin acetate implants in horses in the form of Ovuplant induce short-term increases in LH and FSH secretion followed by long-term suppression of these concentrations and an insensitivity of the pituitary to GnRH. In a small percentage of mares, long-term ovarian shutdown is a possibility.