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Forcing Attorneys To Represent Indigent Civil Litigants: The Problems And Some Proposals, Greg Stevens

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Note argues that uncompensated court appointments represent an unsatisfactory means to provide counsel for indigents. Part I discusses the policy arguments for and against forced, uncompensated court appointments. Part I concludes that the arguments against these appointments outweigh the arguments in favor of them. Part II argues that they violate the Constitution's prohibitions against uncompensated takings and involuntary servitude. Part III offers a proposal that would provide effective representation for indigent civil litigants, while avoiding infringement of attorneys' constitutional rights.

Lawyers In Soviet Work Life, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Lawyers in Soviet Work Life by Louise I. Shelley

The Servants, Stephan Landsman

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Barristers' Clerks, the Law's Middlemen by John Flood

Lawyers And Lawmaking, Frederick Schauer

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Reconstructing American Law by Bruce A. Ackerman

Money And Justice: Who Owns The Courts?, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Money and Justice: Who Owns the Courts? by Lois G. Forer

"How Can You Defend Those People?" The Making Of A Criminal Lawyer, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A Review of "How Can You Defend Those People?" The Making of a Criminal Lawyer by James S. Kunen

Point/Counterpoint: A Debate On Irony And Interpretation, Richard Lempert, Peter Westen

Law Quadrangle (formerly Law Quad Notes)

Can irony play a role in the construction of statutes? In the following articles, legal scholars Richard Lempert and Peter Westen debate the point, taking, as their context, the Supreme Court decision in United Steelworkers v. Weber, a 1979 affirmative action case that brings to the fore the moral dilemmas posed by such programs.

Professor Lempert's initial article originally appeared in Ethics 95 (October 1984), published by the University of Chicago Press. Professor Westen's response, and Lempert's rejoinder to it, were written especially for Law Quadrangle Notes.

Richard Lempert is a graduate of Oberlin College and the University of …

Point/Counterpoint: A Debate On Irony And Interpretation, Richard Lempert, Peter Westen

Law Quadrangle (formerly Law Quad Notes)

Can irony play a role in the construction of statutes? In the following articles, legal scholars Richard Lempert and Peter Westen debate the point, taking, as their context, the Supreme Court decision in United Steelworkers v. Weber, a 1979 affirmative action case that brings to the fore the moral dilemmas posed by such programs.

Professor Lempert's initial article originally appeared in Ethics 95 (October 1984), published by the University of Chicago Press. Professor Westen's response, and Lempert's rejoinder to it, were written especially for Law Quadrangle Notes.

Richard Lempert is a graduate of Oberlin College and the University of …

A Federal Bar For Foreign Lawyers, Christopher J. Caywood

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this note presents the case for a national bar to regulate foreign lawyers. National regulation would likely enable the United States to conclude reciprocity agreements with foreign nations that would enhance the treatment of U.S. attorneys abroad. It would also benefit the American public by increasing the availability of legal expertise on foreign and international law, and encouraging international trade in services. Part II addresses potential objections to a federal bar regulating foreign lawyers. Part A examines state and local bar associations' concerns regarding the maintenance of adequate levels of legal and ethical competence. It argues that …

Class Of 1985 Fifteen Year Report, University Of Michigan Law School

UMLS Alumni Survey Class Reports

This report summarizes the findings of a questionnaire sent to University of Michigan Law School alumni fifteen years after graduation.

Class Of 1985 Fifteen Year Report Alumni Comments, University Of Michigan Law School

UMLS Alumni Survey Class Reports

This addendum is a compilation of alumni responses to the open-ended comments sections.

Class Of 1985 Five Year Report, University Of Michigan Law School

UMLS Alumni Survey Class Reports

This report summarizes the findings of a questionnaire sent to University of Michigan Law School alumni five years after graduation.

Class Of 1985 Five Year Report Alumni Comments, University Of Michigan Law School

UMLS Alumni Survey Class Reports

This addendum is a compilation of alumni responses to the open-ended comments sections.

Fairness In Teaching Advocacy, Charles W. Joiner

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The questions I address are these: Is fairness related to advocacy? Is fairness a concept that law teachers should address in their teaching, in particular in courses involving advocacy? By "courses involving advocacy" I mean courses that teach both law and practice techniques involving the direct protection of the rights of clients, particularly in the courts-for example, civil and criminal procedure and evidence.

Clinical Legal Education: Is Taking Rites Seriously A Fantasy, Folly, Or Failure?, Steven D. Pepe

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This article assesses the primary product of law schools-the practicing lawyer-and reviews the criticisms of the adequacy of the initial training for attorneys that law schools provide. After a brief. review of goals of legal education and goals of clinical teaching methods, the article argues that properly structured clinical programs are not based on flawed premises and that the nation's law schools, particularly the leading schools, should not abandon their clinical experiments without further efforts to help clinical legal education achieve its unfulfilled promises. The premises and assertions of this article are not new. Indeed, they are reiterations of a …

Private Settlement As Alternative Adjudication: A Rationale For Negotiation Ethics, Robert B. Gordon

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

A rule of ethics like the one proposed in this Note takes a step toward this goal. Part I explores the general nature of unethical settlement negotiation, and the inadequate responses offered by both the American Bar Association Model Code of Professional Responsibility and the American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Part II presents a theory for recognizing private settlement negotiation as a substantive component of the adjudicatory process, deserving of all the ethical protections afforded forensic litigation. Part III evaluates certain proposals for reform and responds to various criticisms commonly leveled against efforts to regulate private negotiation …

The Nobel Prize For Law, Alfred F. Conard

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

There is no Nobel prize for law. This lack is not in itself a cause for concern, since the discipline of law is replete with its own rewards. But some cause for concern inheres in the implication that law provides very few examples of the kinds of contributions to humanity that merit Nobel prizes.

Is Thinking Like A Lawyer Enough?, Sallyanne Payton

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Every year that I attend meetings of the Law School's Committee of Visitors I ask members of the committee how the school might improve the training that we give to our graduates. Every year until this one the lawyers who have responded to this question have given a standard answer: the young lawyers are smart, they say, smarter in many respects than their seniors, but they don't know how to write well. This response usually leads to a discussion of the proper place of skills training in the law school curriculum; lawyers and professors engage in a little jousting over …

Appendix 3: Glossary Of Terms Defining The Function Of Legal Professionals In Various Countries, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

Glossary of terms used in this volume.

Two Views Of The Question: Are Law Schools Doing Their Job?, Terrance Sandalow, Robert B. Mckay

Other Publications

You have all heard the criticisms of lawyers, which I need not rehearse to this audience. Critics range from Aristotle, Jesus, Shakespeare, and Samuel Johnson to Jimmy Carter and Derek Bok; the cast of characters goes on and on. The criticism I like best, although in a way it is the most cutting of all, is what Samuel Johnson is alleged to have said about two centuries ago: "I do not like to speak ill of any man behind his back but I do believe he is a lawyer." It is always easy to bring people together, nonlawyers at least, …

Preparation Of The Multistate Bar Examination: One Drafting Committee's Perspective, John W. Reed

Articles

One who wants to know how the Multistate Bar Examination is created should begin by learning how the drafting committees work. My assignment is to describe the work of one of those committees: the Evidence Committee. Though there are differences among the six committees, they mostly are ones of style, and to learn how to operate in the evidence group is to understand the process generally.

Gatt As A Framework For Multilateral Negotiations On Trade In Legal Services, Dean N. Menegas

Michigan Journal of International Law

While a number of commentators have discussed the adaptability of the GATT to problems of trade in services, none have specifically addressed its applicability to lawyering or other professional services. Part I considers the GATT's progress on services issues to date. Part II identifies and classifies the barriers to transnational legal practice. Part III explores the possibility of liberalizing many of these barriers through the application of GATT substantive concepts and the use of GATT procedural mechanisms.

Appendix 2: Annotated Bibliography, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

Additional reading related to the articles in this volume.

The Role Of Law And Lawyers In Japan And The United States, Isaac Shapiro, Michael K. Young

Michigan Journal of International Law

The issues raised in connection with delivery of legal services in Japan are complex and best understood against the backdrop of the development of the legal profession in Japan. Part I of this article discusses the history of the Japanese legal profession, especially its recent history. Part II shows how this development has shaped the issues in the current dispute. It recounts the development of the dispute, the arguments that have been made on the Japanese and American sides, and the course of the negotiations over legal services as part of the Japan-U.S. trade agenda. This article concludes with a …

Annex: Provisional Regulations On Lawyers Of The People's Republic Of China, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

To some Western readers, the function of Chinese lawyers as described in translations of the Provisional Regulations will appear comparable to the function of lawyers in the United States and many Western European countries. In at least one news release following enactment of the law, however, the government of the People's Republic of China denied any apparent similarity. A reprint of the Regulations and the Chinese Government's position as published in the Renmin Ribao, the official government newspaper, follows.-eds.

The Practice Of Law By Foreign Lawyers In The Sultanate Of Oman, J. H. A. Mchugo

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article discusses the practice of foreign commercial lawyers operating through branch offices of foreign firms in the Sultanate of Oman. In order to see how the present situation has developed, it is necessary to consider the particular circumstances of modern Oman. Part I outlines some important aspects of Oman's history. Part II focuses on the development of the Omani legal and judicial system since 1970 with regard to commercial law. Finally, part III examines the practice of the foreign lawyer operating in Oman, and illustrates the kind of legal work which he may carry out.

Legal Practice Shaped By Loyalty To Tradition: The Case Of Saudi Arabia, Carolyn R. Ruis

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note employs Saudi Arabia as an example of an Islamic country that has retained its religious traditions while being forced by economic necessity to adopt some Western commercial practices. Part I reviews the legal system of Saudi Arabia, highlighting the major differences and similarities between it and Western commercial law. Part II considers the legal requirements and cultural norms which Western attorneys should be prepared to observe while practicing in a traditional Islamic society. It suggests that strict adherence to custom and the Saudi Government's recent attempts to strengthen restrictions on both the professional and personal lives of expatriates …

Legal Services And The Trade And Tariff Act Of 1984, Michael K. Grace

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this note outlines the major nontariff barriers (NTBs) to trade in services. Part II discusses the provisions of the Trade and Tariff Act that are aimed at the reduction of those barriers. Part III examines the applicability of the TTA to legal services and the potential limitations on the provisions of an international agreement for that particular service industry. It concludes that concerns over state sovereignty, while no longer posing a constitutional obstacle to an international agreement on trade in services, will remain an important political force in the shaping of such an agreement.

Index, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

Index of terms used in this volume.

Computer-Aided Normalizing And Unpacking: Some Interesting Machine-Processable Transformations Of Legal Rules, Layman E. Allen, Charles S. Saxon

Book Chapters

One way of dealing with an important aspect of the natural language barrier that researchers m artificial intelligence have been wrestling with for more than two decades is to normalize the expression of the logical structure of legal rules.

The computer program, NORMALIZER, will enable a legal analyst to automatically generate Normalized Versions of legal rules and Outlines of them from Parenthesized Logical Expressions of their structure and Marked Versions of the Original Text of the rules. In brief:

Parenthesized Logical Expression & Marked Version = = > Outline & Normalized Version.

The Parenthesized Logical Expression of a normalized rule is …