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Articles 1 - 30 of 201
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Schools - Private Parochial Schools - Transportation Of Pupils - Use Of Public Funds, Fred C. Newman
Schools - Private Parochial Schools - Transportation Of Pupils - Use Of Public Funds, Fred C. Newman
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff taxpayers instituted proceedings to restrain defendant board of education from complying with a statute which required defendant board of education to expend public funds for the purpose of transporting pupils to and from a parochial school. Held, that the statute was invalid as violative of the provision of the state constitution which prohibited the use of any public money "directly or indirectly" in aid of any sectarian school, and plaintiffs were entitled to judgment upon the pleadings; three judges dissented. Judd v. Board of Education of Union Free School Dist. No. 2, 278 N. Y. 200, 15 …
Negligence - Liability For Emotional Disturbance, William K. Jackson
Negligence - Liability For Emotional Disturbance, William K. Jackson
Michigan Law Review
Defendant negligently sold unlabeled poisoned bran, thereby causing the death of or permanent injury to the buyer's cows, and the loss of his dairy business. As a result of this calamity, the buyer died from a decompensated heart caused by emotional distress and nervous shock. The buyer had commenced action for damages and it is continued here by his wife as administratrix of his estate. Held, recovery may be had for the buyer's death. Rasmussen v. Benson, (Neb. 1938) 280 N. W. 890.
The Public Interest Concept In Law And In Economics, Robert W. Harbeson
The Public Interest Concept In Law And In Economics, Robert W. Harbeson
Michigan Law Review
It is an interesting and perhaps important coincidence that only a year previous to the famous decision in Nebbia v. New York there appeared two volumes which together constitute an equally notable landmark in the development of economic doctrine, Professor Edward Chamberlin's Theory of Monopolistic Competition and Mrs. Joan Robinson's Economics of Imperfect Competition. While there is no evidence that the latter works influenced the outcome of the Nebbia case, the writer is of the opinion that these studies not only afford a rationale of that decision but also make desirable a re-examination of the concept of "businesses affected …
The Doctrine Of Administrative Trespass In French Law: An Analogue Of Due Process, Armin Uhler
The Doctrine Of Administrative Trespass In French Law: An Analogue Of Due Process, Armin Uhler
Michigan Law Review
The French droit administratif, since Dicey's critical and unsympathetic comments in his lectures and works on the English constitution, has continued to attract a great deal of interest in the English-speaking world. In this country the more recent references to the system known by that name are prompted by something more than academic curiosity. Unprecedented expansion of administrative activity, particularly on the part of the federal government, has focused attention on many problems which have become acute because of that fact. Unquestionably, one of the most vexing among them is the question of review of administrative action upon the …
Adverse Possession - Requirements For Obtaining Title To A Cave By Adverse Possession, Donald M. Swope
Adverse Possession - Requirements For Obtaining Title To A Cave By Adverse Possession, Donald M. Swope
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff and defendant were owners of adjoining properties. On defendant's land was located the only opening to a cavern, which a remote grantor of defendant discovered in 1893. Since that time, defendant and its immediate and remote grantors have improved the cave for visitors, and conducted persons through it upon the payment of an admission price. With wide publicity, this has continued for almost fifty years. Plaintiff first visited the cave in 1895, paying an admission fee for the privilege, and has visited it several times since. A part of said cave extended under real estate owned by plaintiff, but …
Arrest - Stopping And Questioning As An Arrest - Reasonable Suspicion From Facts Disclosed By Questioning As Justification, Robert Meisenholder
Arrest - Stopping And Questioning As An Arrest - Reasonable Suspicion From Facts Disclosed By Questioning As Justification, Robert Meisenholder
Michigan Law Review
After arrest of the defendant on mere suspicion without probable cause, the arresting officers on searching the car in which he was driving found two guns. The defendant complained on appeal, after conviction for carrying concealed weapons in an automobile, of the denial of his motion before trial to suppress the evidence. Held, it was error to refuse to suppress the guns as evidence because, the arrest being unlawful, the subsequent search and seizure was unlawful. Had the officers stopped and questioned the defendant, and had such questioning disclosed facts to establish a reasonable suspicion that the defendant was …
Trusts - Reservation Of Life Income And Power Of Revocation In Settlor - Not Testamentary Within Mortmain Statute, Benjamin H. Dewey
Trusts - Reservation Of Life Income And Power Of Revocation In Settlor - Not Testamentary Within Mortmain Statute, Benjamin H. Dewey
Michigan Law Review
A settlor purported to set up a trust of certain of his property. In the trust agreement, the settlor reserved to himself the life income from the trust property, with such further amounts from the principal as the trustee, in his absolute discretion, should deem necessary for the settlor's proper maintenance and support; the power, with the approval of the trustee, to revoke or modify the trust; and the life use of the realty encompassed by the trust, on which he was to pay taxes. At the death of the settlor, certain of the trust property was to be administered …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Admissibility Of Confessions - Exhortations To Tell The Truth, Dan K. Cook
Criminal Law And Procedure - Admissibility Of Confessions - Exhortations To Tell The Truth, Dan K. Cook
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, while in the custody of police officers, confessed to the crime of murder. It was shown that the police officers during the course of defendant's examination, stated to the defendant that "it was better for him to tell the whole truth," and ''You are not telling the truth, give us the truth on this," "You might as well tell the truth; to me now," "I advise you to tell the truth in this case." In the subsequent prosecution of the defendant for murder, it was held that the confession was properly admissible notwithstanding these statements by the officers. Commonwealth …
Securities Legislation - Accounting Practice And The Securities Act Of 1933, Paul R. Trigg Jr.
Securities Legislation - Accounting Practice And The Securities Act Of 1933, Paul R. Trigg Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Item 25 of the registration regulations under the Securities Act of 1933 requires the registrant to "submit balance sheets . . . as of a date within ninety days of the filing of the registration statement." The approximate form which such balance sheets are to take is indicated in the regulations, as well as the manner of certification required. So far as the form of the balance sheet proper is concerned, it is doubtful whether item 54 presents any new or startling innovations, but when the balance sheet and the supplementary schedules required to be appended thereto are considered, it …
The Widow's Right Of Election In The Estate Of Her Husband, Elbridge D. Phelps
The Widow's Right Of Election In The Estate Of Her Husband, Elbridge D. Phelps
Michigan Law Review
Before launching into the discussion proper, and in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding later on, it is deemed wise at once to mark out boundaries within which it is proposed to confine the treatment of the subject here involved. Accordingly, in that which follows, attention will be centered largely on the necessity for election by a widow under modern statutes which allow her to take against her husband's will, and on the effects of her election or non-election upon her interest in her husband's estate. In so far as a surviving husband has identical rights, they will be adverted …
Liens - Extent To Which Common-Law Artisan's Lien Has Been Supplanted By Statute, Arthur P. Boynton
Liens - Extent To Which Common-Law Artisan's Lien Has Been Supplanted By Statute, Arthur P. Boynton
Michigan Law Review
An artisan's lien is the right of a bailee, who by his labor, skill, or material adds value to the chattel of another at the request of the owner, directly or impliedly, to retain possession of the chattel until the reasonable value of his services has been paid. The right to this lien, which is a specific lien, is of common-law origin, and in the absence of anything inconsistent in the contract has long been extended to all artisans. This common-law artisan's lien, however, has been supplanted by statute in some respect in all but five states. In the other …
Limitation Of Actions - Contempt Proceedings, Menefee D. Blackwell
Limitation Of Actions - Contempt Proceedings, Menefee D. Blackwell
Michigan Law Review
The application of statutes of limitation to proceedings for criminal or civil contempt involves some obscurity and confusion in the modern cases. Legislation has rarely provided expressly for the limitation of contempt proceedings, and their hybrid character has made it difficult to rely with confidence on analogies. The modern tendency of courts has been to differentiate between criminal and civil contempts for many purposes. While the tests for distinguishing civil and criminal proceedings are not yet clear, it seems that the application of limitation acts depends very largely on this distinction.
Adverse Possession - Severance Of Minerals And Surface - Adverse Possession As Affecting Title To The Minerals, John M. Ulman
Adverse Possession - Severance Of Minerals And Surface - Adverse Possession As Affecting Title To The Minerals, John M. Ulman
Michigan Law Review
The land in question was set aside by the state for school purposes. For some time prior to 1881 one Bailey had been in possession. At that time he and his children, to whom he had deeded parts of the land, conveyed the mineral interests to a grantee from whom plaintiff claims. At the time of the conveyance the evidence was insufficient to show title by adverse possession in Bailey. Bailey and his grantees, from whom defendant claims, remained in possession until this action was brought. The limitation ceased running against the state by an act of the legislature at …
Corporations - Disregarding Corporate Entity - Fraud, Collins E. Brooks
Corporations - Disregarding Corporate Entity - Fraud, Collins E. Brooks
Michigan Law Review
A and B purchased from plaintiffs all of the stock of defendant corporation. Prior to the transaction, and as a basis for negotiations, plaintiffs had an accountant prepare a statement of corporate assets and liabilities, which showed that the corporation was in financial difficulties. A and B acknowledged the corporate indebtedness and took over the corporation. Later, plaintiffs brought suit against the corporation on claims for salaries and advancements allegedly due them from it, which claims had not appeared on the statement of corporate liabilities. Held, the corporate entity would be disregarded, and plaintiffs estopped from setting up their …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Physicians And Surgeons - Contraceptive Statutes And Implied Exceptions Thereto, Thomas K. Fisher
Criminal Law And Procedure - Physicians And Surgeons - Contraceptive Statutes And Implied Exceptions Thereto, Thomas K. Fisher
Michigan Law Review
A Massachusetts statute made the selling of any drug, medicine or instrument for the prevention of conception a criminal offense. The defendants, a doctor, a nurse, and two social workers, all connected with a charitable association, prescribed and sold contraceptives to non-pregnant, married women. Defendants' offer of proof, admitting the facts charged, but contending that the statute did not apply where the sale was made under a physician's prescription for the preservation of life or health, was found by the trial court to constitute no defense. Held, that the wording was plain and unequivocal allowing for no implied exception. …
Injunctions - Labor Unions - Enforcement Of Employer's Closed Shop Agreement, Michigan Law Review
Injunctions - Labor Unions - Enforcement Of Employer's Closed Shop Agreement, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff unions entered into an agreement with the defendants by the terms of which the defendants were to employ union men, all of whom were to be furnished by the Bricklayers Central Employment Bureau at certain wages and for certain hours. Contrary to the agreement, the defendants employed nonunion men of their own selection and at lower wages and for longer hours than provided by the agreement. Plaintiff sought an injunction pendente lite on behalf of the unions to restrain defendants from disregarding the terms of the agreement. Held, motion for injunction pendente lite granted. Murphy v. Ralph, …
Insurance - Supervision By The State - What Constitutes The Insurance Business, Thomas E. Wilson
Insurance - Supervision By The State - What Constitutes The Insurance Business, Thomas E. Wilson
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a corporation, advertised that any person who bought goods from certain selected stores would be entitled to receive coupons, and when his coupons amounted to a certain sum he would be entitled to certain death and security benefits up to specified amounts. Plaintiff brought suit against the Insurance Commissioner of Pennsylvania to enjoin him from interfering with the plaintiff's business. Held, that the plaintiff was carrying on an insurance business and was subject to supervision by the Insurance Commissioner. Hunt v. Public Mutual Benefit Foundation, (C. C. A. 3d, 1938) 94 F. (2d) 749, certiorari denied (U. …
Municipal Corporations - Official Misconduct As Ground For Removal Of Officer, Leonard D. Verdier Jr.
Municipal Corporations - Official Misconduct As Ground For Removal Of Officer, Leonard D. Verdier Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a member of the council of the city of Highland Park, Michigan, was removed by the council, as provided in the charter because of membership in the Black Legion. The Black Legion was a secret society founded on principles of racial, religious, and political discrimination. Its members took an oath to further these purposes by any means ordered by the officers of the organization, including violence and terrorism. Members were forbidden to expose the organization under penalty of death, and membership was supposedly permanent. The council found that membership in such a society rendered Wilson incompetent to perform the …
Parent And Child - Duty Of Mother To Support Child When Father Is Alive, Thomas E. Wilson
Parent And Child - Duty Of Mother To Support Child When Father Is Alive, Thomas E. Wilson
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff obtained a divorce from defendant, and at the time of the divorce voluntarily undertook to care for and support their twenty-one year old son, who was afflicted with tuberculosis and unable to support himself. The son resided with his mother until his death. She instituted this action against the father to recover for the care and support of the son from the time of the divorce until his death and for funeral expenses, relying upon a statute imposing upon specified classes or relatives of poor persons a duty to maintain them, which statute the plaintiff contended imposed a duty …
Sales - Implied Warranty - Explosive In Cigar, James W. Mehaffy
Sales - Implied Warranty - Explosive In Cigar, James W. Mehaffy
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff purchased cigars from a retail merchant. The cigars were sold under a trade name and when purchased from a wholesaler by the retailer were wrapped in cellophane, and were sold to the plaintiff while still in the original wrapper. One of the cigars contained a firecracker, which exploded when plaintiff lighted the cigar, causing substantial injury. Held, that the plaintiff can recover from the retailer. Dow Drug Co. v. Nieman, 57 Ohio App. 190, 13 N. E. (2d) 130 (1936).
Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - Gift In Contemplation Of Death, Edmund O'Hare
Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - Gift In Contemplation Of Death, Edmund O'Hare
Michigan Law Review
Decedent, when eighty years old and while still in good health, set up an irrevocable trust of one-third of his property, with a life estate to his daughter and remainder over on the daughter's death to her children and descendants. Under the trust deed the income was to be accumulated and added to the principal until the donor's death. The Supreme Court found that decedent, who was thinking about speculating on the stock exchange, was anxious to insure adequate provision for his daughter and her descendants upon his death, and that he therefore determined to make an irrevocable disposition of …
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Taxability Of Interest Passing At Creation Of Tenancy By Entirety, Ben H. Dewey
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Taxability Of Interest Passing At Creation Of Tenancy By Entirety, Ben H. Dewey
Michigan Law Review
On September 20, 1933, petitioner transferred by deed realty owned by him in fee to himself and his wife as tenants by the entirety. The commissioner of internal revenue determined that the transfer constituted a taxable gift under the Gift Tax Act of 1932. Petitioner took an appeal to the Board of Tax Appeals. Held, with one dissent, that such creation of a tenancy by the entireties did not constitute a taxable transfer under the Gift Tax Act. Hart v. Commissioner, 36 B. T. A. No. 176 (Dec. 28, 1937).
Taxation - Income Tax - Surtax On Income Of Corporation Where Profits Are Accumulated To Avoid Surtax On Income Of Its Shareholders - Construction, Brackley Shaw
Michigan Law Review
Section 104 of the Revenue Act of 1928 imposed a surtax on the net income of any corporation "formed or availed of for the purpose of preventing the imposition of the surtax on its shareholders through the medium of permitting its gains and profits to accumulate instead of being divided and distributed," and provided that "the fact that the gains or profits are permitted to accumulate beyond the reasonable needs of the business shall be prima facie evidence of a purpose to escape the surtax." Defendant corporation was formed in 1911 with $200,000 capital stock all owned by Kohl. In …
Torts - Recovery For Emotional Disturbance Unaccompanied By Physical Injury, Michigan Law Review
Torts - Recovery For Emotional Disturbance Unaccompanied By Physical Injury, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Appellee brought an action in tort to recover damages for mental anguish suffered when appellant had an autopsy performed upon the body of her deceased husband. Appellant had been requested to perform the postmortem by decedent's employer, who was authorized under the state workmen's compensation act to require an autopsy. The act also provided that no autopsy should be held without notice first being given to the widow or next of kin and an opportunity given to have a representative present to witness the same. The only effect under the act of a failure to give notice was to render …
Bills And Notes - False Impersonation - Effect Of Absence Of Prior Negotiations With Impostor, Edward D. Ransom
Bills And Notes - False Impersonation - Effect Of Absence Of Prior Negotiations With Impostor, Edward D. Ransom
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff obtained a draft drawn on defendant bank with the plaintiff as payee, and indorsed by her in blank. The draft was for payment of a condemnation award to be sold at a discount through a broker. The plaintiff's husband, acting as her agent, went to the broker's office with his attorney. A man came in and was introduced, by one acting as his attorney, as Harry Wolter, the owner of the award. Thereupon plaintiff's husband handed the draft to his attorney, who wrote over the blank indorsements "pay to the order of Harry Wolter." There were no further …
Negligence - Proximate Cause - Intervening Act Of A Child, Stanton J. Schuman
Negligence - Proximate Cause - Intervening Act Of A Child, Stanton J. Schuman
Michigan Law Review
Defendant's truck was overloaded with unslaked lime and a piece which fell off was picked up by the child plaintiff, who put the lime in a bucket of damp earth which he was carrying. In the resulting explosion plaintiff lost one eye and injured the other. Held, the intervening act of a person over whom the defendant had no control broke the chain of causation. Leoni v. Reinhard, 327 Pa. 391, 194 A. 490 (1937).
Trusts Banks And Banking - Liability Of Depository For Trustee's Misappropriation Of Trust Funds - Uniform Fiduciary Act, Michigan Law Review
Trusts Banks And Banking - Liability Of Depository For Trustee's Misappropriation Of Trust Funds - Uniform Fiduciary Act, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Defendant bank was the depository of trust funds specially earmarked for payment of an outstanding issue of trust notes. The trustee's individual account in defendant was overdrawn; and the trustee was also indebted to defendant on a promissory note. The trustee drew a fiduciary check in favor of himself for the entire amount of the trust account, indorsed it, and deposited it in his individual account. This wiped out the overdraft and left a credit balance. Then the trustee paid his note to defendant with a check drawn on his individual account in favor of defendant. Held, under the …
Vendor And Purchaser - Right Of Vendor's Assignee To Specific Performance Where Contract Calls For Warranty Deed, Daniel Hodgman
Vendor And Purchaser - Right Of Vendor's Assignee To Specific Performance Where Contract Calls For Warranty Deed, Daniel Hodgman
Michigan Law Review
Vendor, a corporation, contracted to convey real estate to the vendee "by good and sufficient warranty deed, free of all incumbrances" upon payment of the purchase price by the vendee. The vendor assigned the contract to X as trustee and then went into receivership and liquidation. A new corporation was organized and the real estate subject to the contract was conveyed to it by the old corporation (vendor). The contract was then assigned to the new corporation by X, the trustee. The vendee being in default, the new corporation as assignee of the vendor sued the vendee for specific …
Manufacturer's Liability For Injuries Caused By His Products: Defective Automobiles, Lester W. Feezer
Manufacturer's Liability For Injuries Caused By His Products: Defective Automobiles, Lester W. Feezer
Michigan Law Review
When a manufactured article fails to meet the reasonable expectations of the purchaser-user and in consequence he suffers personal injury or property damage, is the manufacturer responsible? When the user purchases from the manufacturer, so that there is privity of contract and the formulated concepts of sales and warranty law are available, we have a relatively simple situation which it is not the primary purpose of this paper to discuss. The common-law concepts for dealing with such problems seem to have been formulated in times when this privity element was usually present, and it is therefore not a matter of …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Evidence - Dismissal Of Prosecution For Reference To Other Crimes Of Defendant, John Barker Waite
Criminal Law And Procedure - Evidence - Dismissal Of Prosecution For Reference To Other Crimes Of Defendant, John Barker Waite
Michigan Law Review
Any discussion of Judge Pecora's declaration of a mistrial in People v. Hines must adhere firmly to the fundamental proposition that every accused person, no matter how evident his guilt nor how great the hostility toward him, is entitled to a fair trial, conducted in accord with established rules, and to the verdict of a jury uninfluenced by improper factors. But did the judge's ruling perhaps exceed what was reasonably necessary to assure the defendant of these essentials?